GRAMMAR WITH LAUGHTER The Past Perfect

Use had or hadn't to complete the following:

1) When her daughter arrived home from a party, Mrs Thompson asked her if she (thank) ______________ her hostess. "No," she said. "The girl in front of me thanked her and the lady said 'Don't mention it' so I didn't."

2) Here's your coffee, madam - it's a special coffee all the way from Brazil. Oh, I was wondering where you (go) ________________.

3) A stressed managing director went to his doctor for help in getting to sleep. The workers at his factory (go) ____________ on strike. They wanted better pay and conditions. The director (try) ____________ sleeping pills but they (not work) ____________. The doctor asked the director to lie quite still in bed at night and to count sheep. The following day the  director returned to the doctor's surgery.

Well, said the doctor. Any success?

  I'm afraid not, he said. By the time I (count) ____________ the thirty-first sheep they (all

   go) ______________ on strike for shorter hours and lower fences.

4) Kenneth is so stupid. He phoned his teacher at school yesterday to say he couldn't come to school because he (lose) _________________ his voice!

5) A doctor (just give) _____________ a boy an injection in his arm. He was about to put a bandage on his arm when the boy said, Would you mind putting the bandage on my other arm, doctor?

Why? I'm putting it over your vaccination so that the other boys will know not to bang        

  into It.

  You don't know the boys in my school, doctor!

6) Mum! Mum! Dad's fallen over a cliff. Is he okay? I don't know. He (not stop) _________________ falling when I left.

7) A beggar stopped me the other day and said he (not have) ____________ a bite for days.

  What did you do? I bit him!

8) It was my grandmother's birthday yesterday. Is she old?

Well, by the time we lit the last candle on her birthday cake, the first one (go) _______   

  out!

9) Harry Smith was sent to Central Africa by his company. He sent a postcard to his wife as soon as he arrived. Unfortunately it was delivered to another Mrs. Smith whose husband (die) _________________ the day before. The postcard read: ARRIVED SAFELY THIS MORNING. THE HEAT IS TERRIBLE.

 

 

SIMPLE FUTURE / BE GOING TO

	a. He will finish his work tomorrow. b. He is going to finish his work tomorrow. c. I will wash the dishes later. d. I am going to wash the dishes later.	Will or be going to is used to express future time. Shall may be used with I or we, but wil l /be going to is more com­monly used.* In speech, going to is often pronounced "gonna."
	e. Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him. f.  Linda will leave soon. Be­fore she leaves, she is going to finish her work. g. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I will eat dinner. h. The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. As soon as the taxi ar­rives, we will be able to leave for the airport. i. They are going to come soon. I will wait here until they come.	A clause is a grammatical struc­ture which has a subject and a verb. A "time clause" begins with such words as when, be­fore, after, as soon as, until,   These words may be followed by a subject and verb: When he comes, we will see him. When + subject + verb = time clause   A future tense is not used in a time clause. The meaning of the clause is future, but the simple present tense is used.
	j. I will go to bed after I finish my work. k. I will go to bed after I have finished my work.	Occasionally, the present perfect is used in a time clause, as in (k). Examples (j) and (k) have the same meaning. The present perfect stresses the completion of the act in the time clause before the other act occurs in the future.

· ShaIl is used much more frequently in British English than in American English.

 

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