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Workshop V. VOCABULARY PRACTICE. Язык и мышление
Exercise 58 Complete the texts, bearing in mind all the studied words. The first letters of the necessary words are given to help you. 1 . As negotiations to end the standoff p _____, the White House r _____offers of help from the Rev. Jesse Jackson, though there were i _____ conversations with f President George Bush and his national security adviser, officials say. Another central player was General Powell, whose S _____ Department took c _____of negotiations, and who was the first to publicly use the c _____and p _____ phrases "sorry" and "sorrow" and find the d _____. Reviewing the last-minute flurry of diplomacy that led to the agreement today, Gen. Powell, who was in Paris on his way to the Balkans, said the United States had nothing to a _____ for. "With r _____to "regret", "sorry", "very sorry" — they were related to very s _____ things", he said. "To the loss of the young Chinese pilot's life. The death of anyone d _____ us all in some way, and so we were e _____ the fact we were "sorry", "very sorry", "regret" the loss of his life". The second thing that these words related to, he said, c_____ the question of the American plane i _____ Chinese airspace. "We entered their airspace without v _____ c _____, he said. "But the young pilot was f _____ with a crisis, his plane had s _____ out of c _____. He had to get on the ground. The n _____and formalities were u _____ to him at that moment". Gen. Powell said the pilot did a t _____ job of getting the plane on the ground. "He landed without c _____", he continued, "and we're very sorry — but we're glad he did". 2. Diplomacy is an art form, the art of p and t _____, a s _____ construct of gestures and words, body language and r _____carefully arranged and skilfully m _____ for a single purpose: to p _____ another country to behave the way you want. Tone is the hardest thing to get right. How do you c _____ your views so they're c _____ and p _____, firm and forceful without putting the other side's back up? George W. Bush is in the p _____ of finding out. As a youthful candidate who wanted to be taken seriously despite his inexperience in f _____ a _____, he struck a t _____-guy p _____, compensating for shallow knowledge by a _____ the combative tone of a cold warrior. G _____by advisers, Candidate Bush s _____ to contrast his hard-eyed "realism" with a Clinton-Gore idealism. The easiest way to mark the d _____ was to take up Russia and China as nations with nukes that p _____ a t _____to American interests; Bush would treat them not as the friends or strategic partners of Clinton's dreams but as c _____. Last week President Bush found himself a _____both those countries for real, and the words and gestures he used seemed d to show that the candidate hadn't been kidding. Though White House s _____ A. F. used "realism" a dozen times last week to explain, defend and j _____ the Administration's rhetoric, Bush's focus on differences may make it harder to b _____ them. Some hard-line b _____ are evident, and certain to have an i _____ on foreign affairs. National Missile Defense, the 21st century S _____W _____, is coming, and Bush's message to all critics is, Deal with it. Europe, Russia and China are starting to c _____ that this will be a long d _____, p _____ and military wrangle. North Korea, which Clinton drew into negotiations as a "state of c _____", has been downg _____ again to "rogue state" by Bush. The Administration has taken a decidedly hands-off stance toward peace-making, i _____ in the M _____ E _____. In talks with China's Vice Premier, Bush bluntly said Washington would sell whatever arms it chose to Taiwan. If Bush a _____ the sale, Beijing's anger could s _____ human rights p _____ and nonp _____ efforts. But some say the t _____ language could be necessary for a c _____. There's certainly room for straight talk and firmness in US diplomacy. Bush's c _____ could inspire sounder policy. To k _____the t _____ talk constructive, though, Bush will need perfect pitch. How will Washington get c _____ to "work with us when we're poking them in the eye"? Bush may find that t _____ talk is not all there is to smart d _____. Exercise 59 Complete the text with one word only. It's apparent that no member of a speech community can _____anything he wants to, in any _____ he cares to use, on any occasion, even though he may be _____ in the sound system and the _____ of the particular language he is speaking. And no visitor to a foreign speech community — _____ of the amount of instruction he has in the grammar — is ever prepared for the _____ he will find in the way the language is used by its _____ speakers. Even a child born into that foreign speech community, and who thereby uses his _____ tongue effortlessly, nevertheless still has not learned the _____ use of his language in various _____. By the age of five, the child can utter a wide _____ of grammatical sentences, but he is still _____ which of these sentences to use at a _____ time. Only as he matures within his speech community does he _____ the ability to make statements _____ for any situation and to _____ the _____ of the statements made by others. Exercise 60 Translate the following into English using the active vocabulary. Язык и мышление Взаимосвязь языка и мышления обнаружена давно. Общеизвестный факт — речь людей плохо образованных, не владеющих логикой мышления (cognitive operations), совсем иная в сравнении с речью людей образованных. У образованного человека шире запас слов, он употребляет усложненные грамматические конструкции и максимально использует все средства родного языка. Он лучше мыслит, и потому лучше говорит, и наоборот. ROUND - TABLE DISCUSSION Get ready to discuss the PROBLEM OF DRUGS at a round-table conference. Resort to euphemisms and politically correct words to avoid direct accusation. Distribute the roles among the participants and do not forget about the role of the chairperson. Make use of the hints given in Unit 2 The Press. Policeman — Drug-taking breeds all kinds of crime and should be banned. Diplomat — Drag trafficking has become a global problem. Illegal drug laws should be made much stronger the world over. World governments should conduct joint campaigns against drugs. Clergyman — The war on drugs can never be won on an international level. It must be won locally. Human rights activist — The level of crime will be reduced if light narcotics like marijuana, are made legal and the governments give them to addicts free of charge. Writer — Drug addiction is no worse that alcohol addiction, and people in a democratic society should be free to decide for themselves whether or not to take drugs. Doctor — Drugs have always been used in medicine to relieve pain, and it will be inhuman to deprive those who are terminally ill of narcotics. Teacher—People who develop drug problems should have their children taken away from them. Mother and housewife — It is our children who are the first to fall victims of drug pushers and die of overdose. Pop singer — Drugs are a blessing for most pop stars as they both stimulate our creative activity, and help many hard working pop stars cope with stressful situations which are plentiful in our profession. Cross-country skier — Drug taking has become common practice among professional sportsmen. Our health is often sacrificed for the sake of national prestige and financial gains.
► Word List III to award acceptability amalgam to bring to the fore burgeonings of beyond the pale to break a taboo cliche confines of origin construct complexity conventional clear and precise to cling to compulsive truth-telling to credit common sense complacency consensus commercial to delve into to design to eliminate digital to diminish delicate balance between deliberately to define duplicity dead giveaway devoid of to draw the line at dissident thought in league with innumerable dialects to inflict legacy linguistic crossfire laudable to legislate to leave out of account literacy lexical fingerprint lexical innovation to manifest to manipulate mannerism to migrate nuance notorious offshoot to overshadow on the grounds of obsession opaque communication politically correct persuasion to pester partisan diatribe prolific ponderous to quibble over quaint to rise recesses of the human psyche to eliminate to equal to erode to exclude eligible embedded ethos to emerge endemic to enforce to elevate far-fetched fulsome support to foster an attitude to to get into the stride to guide public opinion gauche to give offence to get hold of the wrong end of the stick to get the message to gloss over infinite shades impact on inept to refer to rural to subvert sensitivity to subside subterfuge subtlety to spin out of control to separate to subject to risk spectrum social mores stigma spread of universal education tough language tortured syntax trendy to upgrade the status to use to one's advantage to upstage unaided ear urban verbal clearance to weep for to yield to |
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