The new methods of research had been included into my work. 2. The course of treatment has been prolonged. 3. The structure of the pancreas will have been described in the new book.

XIV. Use the construction ‘it is (was)- that’ to emphasize the parts of the sentence in bold type:

The motor cortex controls many movements of the human being.

During the systole both ventricles of the heart contract. 3. On deep respi

Ration the vital capacity of the lungs may become 6 litres. 4. In 1538 Andreas Vesalius published his six-volume work “Tabulae Anatomicae”.

XV. Translate these word combinations:

Constant communications between sense organs; 2) a complicated case; 3) in the heart area; 4) the feeling of pain; 5) to control a disease; 6) to examine hearing; 7) to analyse the dysfunction of movements.

XVI. Choose the nouns that can be used with the given verbs:

To control, to move, to send.

Findings, head, disease, pain, hands, movements, patient, respiration, letter, heartbeat, order, vision, legs.

XVII. Choose the verbs to be used together with the given nouns:

the pain can (be discharged, be estimated, be controlled); the area can (be extended, be published, be pumped); the smell can (be covered, be entered, be felt); the vision can (be breathed in, be investigated, be complicated).

XVIII. Read the passage and say what interesting things you have learned:

If the human being has a bad headache he often feels pain within the skull. But really the nerves through which pain stimuli pass exist mainly in the blood vessels and nervous system, but not in the proper substance of the brain. So, the brain itself does not feel pain.

XIX. Memorize the words. Translate the sentences: feed [fi:d] (fed, fed [fed]) v кормить ( ся ), питать ( ся ). The mother feeds

Her infant.

feeding [fi:diŋ] n питание . Milk is the main feeding of an infant.

obtain [əb'tein] v приобретать; получать; доставать. During our life

we obtain much experience. develop [di'veləp] v развивать(ся); обнаруживать(ся); появляться; разрабатывать, создавать. The patient developed a bad pain in the stomach. supply [sə'plai] v обеспечивать , снабжать ; питать ; n питание ; снабжение ; запас . Blood supply may become decreased in some heart disease. response [ris'pɒns] n ответ ; реакция . The response to the treatment was rapid.

XX. Translate the words with the same root:

Condition, conditioned, unconditioned; protect, protective, protection; production, productive, produce; add, addition, additional, additionally; developed, developing, development.

XXI. Read, translate, and name the snffixes in the following words:

General, generalize; dependent, dependency; weak, weakness; insufficiency, insufficient; analysis, analyse; red, redness; infant, infancy.

XXII. Read Text B. Translate it. State the difference between conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.

Text B. Conditioned Reflexes

All the visceral and somatic reflexes including the protective, feeding and others are formed by various internal and external stimuli. These stimuli produce reactions not depending on surrounding conditions. The great Russian physiologist Pavlov called them unconditioned reflexes.

In human beings the nervous system has the additional ability to form cortical associations which increase the range of reactions. This function is obtained by all the human beings and formed upon signalization, i.e. the process in which an ineffective reflex stimulus forms the same reactions as the stimulus with which it has become associated. Pavlov called these individually obtained reflexes conditioned, because they are developed only in connection with some other reflexes.

It is through constant contacts of life that men develop many conditioned reflexes. They begin to develop already in infancy. During human development their number is much increased through training and education.

In experimental conditions it was determined by Pavlov that many new conditioned reflexes to stimuli not supplied by Nature could be established in dogs. But such stimuli had to be associated with those which formed an unconditioned response. Pavlov determined that in higher animals it was in the cortex that conditioned reflexes were formed.

LESSON 22

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

I. Запомните факты, изложенные ниже:

Do you know that...

1) the vision centres are located in the occipital [ɒk'sipitl] area of the cortex? 2) the nervous system of the human being has about ten times more nervous cells than the number of all people in the world? 3) the stimuli pass into the brain through the spinal cord very rapidly - about 100 m per second?

II*. Закончите предложения, выбрав необходимые по смыслу слова:

1. The ear is the sense organ of (vision, hearing). 2. The human being smells with (the nose, the eye). 3. The motor cortex controlling many body movements (becomes tired rapidly, is almost never tired). 4. The stimuli from different parts of the human body come to the brain through (the blood vessels, the nerve fibers in the spinal cord).

III*. На основании следующих формул напишите и назовите инфинитивы (см. табл. 22 на с . 292):

1. от глагола to determine: to be + ing-form to be + III форма глагола

2*. От глаголов to add, to bring, to connect. IV*. Найдите и назовите инфинитивы:

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