Замените русские слова английскими эквивалентами.

1. A combination of timber stringers with (деревянный или железобетонный настил) sometimes (применяется для пролетов) of less than about 20 ft. 2. (Пролеты) greatly in excess of 500 ft are generally (консольные мосты со сквозными фермами или висячие мосты). 3. For more important construction, location for the bridge structure itself becomes increasingly important and trends more and more to outweigh considerations of cost for the (конструкция подъезда к мосту). 4. (Косой) steel superstructure is generally slightly more expensive; owing to the cost of fabrication. 5. All undesirable features may be eliminated by the revised alinement without added (кривизна). 6. Where (быки моста) must be set into streams with erodible Beds, possible undermining by scour becomes a primary consideration. 7. (Быки и опора моста) can be increased in length and the wing walls on (опоры моста) will be longer on two corners. 8. A bridge structure should take advantage of any narrow neck or point of construction in (фарватер). 9. Graceful (арки) of steel or reinforced concrete may well be most appropriate from an aesthetic if not from a cost point of view. 10. The weight of (косая стальная конструкция) may also be greater, especially if the (поперечные балки) are parallel to the (быки моста).

 

6. Ответьте на вопросы .

1. What is the purpose of bridges?

2. What are the principal differences between bridges and other structures?

3. What are the structures of bridges in the simplest terms?

4. Why there may be sharp turns at the approaches?

5. What factor will determine the location of the bridges?

6. What should the bridge-survey report include?

7. How is the proper form of the bridge chosen?

8. What is the tendency for highway bridgework today?

9. What types of bridges must be bridges engineer acquainted with?

 

Прочитайте и озаглавьте текст, сделайте его реферирование.

 

Most bridge maintenance is of a specialized nature. At times cleaning, freezing, and painting bridge seats and rollers may be required. Deck joints may extrude or become filled with dirt so that their cleaning and resealing is necessary. On occasion vehicles out of control strike handrails or other appurtenances; and these must be repaired and straightened. If bridge decks become rough, resurfacing is in order. Remedial measures are sometimes required to correct serious scour around and under piers and abutments. It is common practice among highway agencies to have traveling crews exclusively for bridge work.

 

Подберите перевод английских словосочетаний .

 

cantilever trusses bridge  skew bridge  leaf bridge   right-angle bridge truss bridge right-frame bridge arch bridge      stone masonry bridge arched cantilever bridge     beam bridge concrete girder bridge  open-deck bridge concrete slab bridge  double-deck bridge  suspension bridge lattice bridge

арочный мост двухъярусный мост                    мост с проезжей частью из бетонной плиты решетчатый мост разводной мост       арочный консольный мост косой мост балочный мост мост с ездой поверху и понизу     бетонный балочный мост мост со сквозными фермами висячий мост прямоугольный мост каменный мост        консольный мост однопролетный мост

 

Сделайте краткое сообщение на предлагаемые темы.

 

1. Types of bridges.

2. The site for a bridge.

3. The functions of bridges.

 

10. Расскажите о своей специальности, используя предлагаемый план.

a) the similarity of purposes of bridges and highways; the principal differences between them;

b) the types of bridges;

c) the main parts of a bridge; 

d) the criterion of choosing the location of the bridge;

e) why do you want to be a bridge engineer.

V.3. ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Прочитайте и выучите .

environment – окружающая среда

to seem – казаться

to design – проектировать, разрабатывать

commissioning – пуск, ввод в действие

maintenance – обслуживание, эксплуатация

stage – ступень, этап, шаг

disposal – размещение, расположение

endeavours – избавление, устранение

averting – предотвращение, предупреждение

contamination – загрязнение, порча

hazardous – опасный, рискованный

assessments – отчисления

to save – спасать, сохранять

to destroy – разрушать

to investigate – разрабатывать, исследовать

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