Составитель Ильин Е.В. (к.п.н.)

Составитель Ильин Е.В. (к.п.н.)

 

Вариант 1

 

I . Active vocabulary :

аnimal husbandry ─ животноводство

сattle-breeding ─ скотоводство

sheep-rearing ─ овцеводство

hog-growing ─ свиноводство

poultry-breeding ─ птицеводство

increasing – увеличение

the head of cattle ─ поголовье скота

heifers and calves ─ телята

mangle ─ кормовая свекла

alfalfa ─ люцерна

clover ─ клевер

mutton ─ баранина

domestic fowl ─ домашняя птица

stomach ─ желудок

 

Translate the text “Animal Husbandry”

 

Animal husbandry comprises сattle-breeding, sheep-rearing, hog-growing, poultry- breeding, etc.

Cattle breeding on a scientific scale is not only aimed at improving the breed, but also at increasing the head of cattle. The farm rearing heifers and calves is a rich farm. The main problem in сattle-breeding is to choose the necessary feeds, rich enough in protein content and other nutrient substances. Special crops are grown for feeding cattle. They are mangle, alfalfa, clover, linseed, and some others.

As a rule dairy products (milk, butter, cream, sour cream) are processed on the farm. Big meat-packing plants are engaged in curing, smoking, corning and caning of meat.

Sheep are mainly bread for their meat. There are two types of sheep-breeding: for wool and for mutton. We can also speak about the wool-mutton breed.

Flocks grazing on well established pasturages, semi-deserts and even on dry grazing land supply people with wool, cheese, mutton.

Hog-breeding quickly yields returns and gives various foodstuffs derived from pork: bacon, lard, ham, sausage, tinned (canned) pork. Pig has a small stomach consuming food in concentrated form. The daily ration of a pig should be composed of feeds with a definite proportion of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

Poultry-farming deals with breeding of domestic fowl: hens, geese, ducks, turkeys. Poultry is bred for meat, feathers and eggs. The modern poultry industry producing eggs includes the use of specially bred birds, highly specialized feeds together with new housing and management technique.

 

II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:

 

на научной основе, нацелено на, выбирать необходимые корма, молочные продукты, обрабатываются, заводы, перерабатывающие мясо, шерстяной и мясной породы, стада, дневной рацион.

 

III. Answer the questions on the text.

 

1. What does animal husbandry comprise?

2. What is cattle breeding aimed at?

3. What is the main problem in cattle-breeding?

4. Where are flocks grazing?

5. What is derived from pork?

6. Pig has a small stomach, doesn’t it?

7. What does poultry-farming deal with?

 

VI. Read the text again. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

 

1. Animal husbandry comprises only sheep-rearing.

2. The farm rearing many heifers and calves is a rich farm.

3. Mangle, alfalfa, clover are special crops for feeding cattle.

4. Flocks can not graze on dry grazing land.

5. Poultry-farming deals with breeding of hog-growing.

 

V. Complete the sentences with the information from the text.

 

1. Animal husbandry comprises…

2. The main problem in cattle-breeding is…

3. Big meat-packing plants are engaged in…

4. Sheep are mainly breed for…

5. Hog-breeding gives various foodstuffs derived from…

6. Poultry-farming deals with…

 

VI. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

 

1. Animal husbandry comprises cattle breeding.

2. Special crops are grown for feeding cattle.

3. Sheep are mainly bread for their wool and mutton.

4. Flocks are grazing on well established pasturages.

5. Pig has a small stomach.

 

VIII. Write information about yourself according to the plan below.

 

─ Place of birth:

─ Place of education:

─ Main subject at school:

─ Date of finishing education:

─ First job:

─ Starting date of first job:

─ Date of starting present job:

 

Thank you. Good luck.

 

Вариант 2

 

I. Active vocabulary:

process of reproduction ─ процесс воспроизводства

sexual reproduction ─ половое размножение

male ─ мужская особь, самец

female ─ женская особь, самка

to produce ─ производить

this is true ─ это относится

gestation period ─ время созревания

offspring ─ приплод, потомок

sow ─ свинья

ewe ─ овца

 

Translate the text “How Animals Reproduce”

 

In higher animals the process of reproduction is known as sexual reproduction. In the reproduction of higher animals there are two parents ─ male and female. The female produces the egg or egg cells (ova ) and the male produces the sperms or sperm cells. We know all higher animals to develop from on ovum produced by the female (mother) and fertilized by the male (father ). This is true of chickens,  calves, lambs, pigs, and other such animals.

Gestation period. - The period of development from the time the egg is fertilized until the animal is born is known as the gestation period. Large species of animals have long gestation periods; small species of animals have short gestation periods. Thus, the gestation period of rabbits is 30 days, cats - 60, dogs - 61, sows - 114, ewe -150, cows - 283.                          ' •

Number of young produced. - The cow ordinary produces one offspring each year. In some cases twins occur or even triplets; however, twins are exception rather than the rule. In cattle, twins are born about once in every eight births.

Sows may produce two litters a year, and they usually have from six to twelve pigs each litter. Sometimes sows have even as many as nineteen pigs in a litter.

Ewes ordinary produce lambs only once a year. They usually raise one lamb than raise a larger number.

 

II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:

высшие животные, известно, женская особь производит, это относится, период созревания, большие особи, количество приплода, тройня, двойня, два приплода (опороса) в год.

Вариант 3

 

I. Active vocabulary:

breaking down ─ разрушение, расщепление

building up ─ создавать

determine ─ определять

digestibility of the food ─ усвояемость пищи

palatability – приемлемость

supply of vitamins ─ обеспечить витаминами

succulent forage ─ сочный фураж

dry fodder ─ сухой корм

carbon ─ углерод

hydrogen ─ водород

muscular tissue ─ мышечная ткань

 

Translate the text “Composition of Foods”

The animal body is in a constant state of breaking down and building up. The row materials for the building up of an animal are the foods consumed. Good results in feeding are not, however , determined only by the chemical composition of the foods. The physical conditions and digestibility of the food, its palatability, its supply of vitamins and the conditions of the animal are all important factors.

The animal body is built up of 4 main substances: water, fats, proteins and ash. These are the materials to be included in the animal's diet.

Water. - The amount of water varies in different foods. With succulent forage and root crops there is sometimes more water than the animal needs. With dry fodder like hay, the deficiency can be compensated by supplying water to drink.

Fats. - Plant fats are easily changed to animal fats. Fats con­tain carbon, hydrogen and only a little oxygen. The animal burns them in the process of respiration. In this way the animal heat is maintained. When more fat is eaten than is being burned in respiration, then the excess can be stored up for use at a future time.

Carbohydrates. - The principal carbohydrates are sugars, starch and cellulose. These are of nearly the same composition, but differ in the amount of work required to digest them. If carbohydrates are consumed in excess, the animal can store them by changing them into fat.

Proteins. - They contain not only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but also nitrogen. Proteins are necessary to build up muscular tissue, which fats and carbohydrates cannot do.

Ash. - The amount of ash in feeding stuffs varies greatly. Most common feeds contain from 2 to 8 per cent of ash, which consists of silica and the sulphates, chlorides, phosphates of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, and a large number of other elements.

Вариант 4

 

I. Active vocabulary:

 

dairy cows ─ молочные коровы

beef animals ─ мясные животные

to keep in stables ─ держать в стойле

the barn ─ сарай

dehorning ─ удаление, спиливание рогов

 the damage ─ повреждение

the calf ─ теленок

castration ─ кастрация

udder ─ вымя

shelter ─ укрытие, помещение

 

Translate the text “Cattle Management”

Shelter. ─  Dairy cows require more shelter than beef animals. Cows were found to eat more and give less milk when exposed to severe weather than when kept in stables. Cows exposed to winter rain tend to show a decrease of from 10 to 50 per cent in milk flow, and at least a month will be required for them to return to their normal yield. Stables for cows should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. The stable should be in connection with the barn in which the feeding stuffs are stored.                                                   

Dehorning. ─ Feeder cattle having horns do not feed out so well as dehorned cattle. Badly bruised carcasses are usually found in trans­porting horned cattle. Besides the damage done to meat, the hide is  often damaged. Generally speaking, the younger cattle are when they are dehorned, the better beef animals they will make. If dehorning is done while the calf is young, the operation will be less severe.

 Castration. ─ Bull calves can be castrated at any time from a few weeks to 7 months of age. It is better, however, that they should be castrated before they are 4 months old. In any case the opera­tion should not be delayed until 7 months. 

Treatment of cows before and after calving. ─ As a rule the greatest possible milk yield may be obtained by drying off the cows from 6 to 8 weeks before calving. This may be done by excluding the grain ration, and by milking once a day and later every other day. Attention should be given to the condition of the udder during this period so as to prevent inflammation.

 Some cows, however, do not require the period of rest before calving.

After calving the cow should be kept warm and should not be allowed to drink very cold water. The calf should be allowed to suck the cow for 4 or 5 days, after which he may be separated_,  from the cow and fed on whole milk, then on skim milk and grain.

 

Вариант 5

 

I. Active vocabulary:

swine ─ свинья

pork ─ свинина

bacon ─ бекон

breed ─ порода

gilt ─ подсвинок

to come in heat ─ приходить в половую охоту

wean a litter ─ отнимать (отделять) поросят

pregnant sows ─ супоросные свиноматки

farrowing ─ опорос

a productive herd ― продуктивное стадо

Translate the text “Swine”

 

The word "swine" is used for all domestic animals commonly refer­red to as pigs or hogs. Tow types of pigs are usually distinguished: the pork type that puts on a lot of fat in the early stages and the bacon type that makes more lean meat and fattens later.

Hog breeds vary in colour, size, conformation, shape of head and other points. Early maturity, size, feeding quality of meat and carcass yields have been the main factors in the development of hogs.

Breeding. ─ Gilts become sexually mature when they are from 6 to 8 months of age, and boars at 6 to 7. Well-grown gilts may come in heat at 3 months of age. Sows usually come in heat a few days after weaning a litter, but some come in heat while suckling litters.

The gestation period of the sow takes from 112 to 120 days. Preg­nant sows should be allowed to run in a lot containing plenty of green feed. About a week before farrowing the sow should be separa­ted from the other hogs and put in a pen by herself with a very small amount of bedding. At farrowing time she should be fed only water or thin slop for the first 24 hours. At the end of the week the ration should be gradually increased and should consist of such milk produ­cing foods as bran, peas, milk, etc.

A sow usually produces from 6 to 12 at a litter, and she may have 2 litters a year. Within a week of weaning her litter a sow is normally ready to be mated to the boar again.

At six weeks male pigs in the litter are castrated, which prevents their breeding. The point is that castrated males fatten more easily and give a better carcass when slaughtered.

Such pigs are called barrows.

Management. ─ Proper management is essential for success in swine raising. Careful attention during breeding, farrowing, and rearing pigs to weaning enables us to raise a productive herd. The mortality of the young is much higher with swine than with other kinds of livestock. Since hogs live close to the ground, they are subject to many parasites and diseases. Sanitation is therefore most important in swine raising. Only by avoiding diseases and parasites losses by skillful handling and treatment it is possible to have a highly profitable swine herd.

 

Составитель Ильин Е.В. (к.п.н.)

 

Вариант 1

 

I . Active vocabulary :

аnimal husbandry ─ животноводство

сattle-breeding ─ скотоводство

sheep-rearing ─ овцеводство

hog-growing ─ свиноводство

poultry-breeding ─ птицеводство

increasing – увеличение

the head of cattle ─ поголовье скота

heifers and calves ─ телята

mangle ─ кормовая свекла

alfalfa ─ люцерна

clover ─ клевер

mutton ─ баранина

domestic fowl ─ домашняя птица

stomach ─ желудок

 

Translate the text “Animal Husbandry”

 

Animal husbandry comprises сattle-breeding, sheep-rearing, hog-growing, poultry- breeding, etc.

Cattle breeding on a scientific scale is not only aimed at improving the breed, but also at increasing the head of cattle. The farm rearing heifers and calves is a rich farm. The main problem in сattle-breeding is to choose the necessary feeds, rich enough in protein content and other nutrient substances. Special crops are grown for feeding cattle. They are mangle, alfalfa, clover, linseed, and some others.

As a rule dairy products (milk, butter, cream, sour cream) are processed on the farm. Big meat-packing plants are engaged in curing, smoking, corning and caning of meat.

Sheep are mainly bread for their meat. There are two types of sheep-breeding: for wool and for mutton. We can also speak about the wool-mutton breed.

Flocks grazing on well established pasturages, semi-deserts and even on dry grazing land supply people with wool, cheese, mutton.

Hog-breeding quickly yields returns and gives various foodstuffs derived from pork: bacon, lard, ham, sausage, tinned (canned) pork. Pig has a small stomach consuming food in concentrated form. The daily ration of a pig should be composed of feeds with a definite proportion of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

Poultry-farming deals with breeding of domestic fowl: hens, geese, ducks, turkeys. Poultry is bred for meat, feathers and eggs. The modern poultry industry producing eggs includes the use of specially bred birds, highly specialized feeds together with new housing and management technique.

 

II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:

 

на научной основе, нацелено на, выбирать необходимые корма, молочные продукты, обрабатываются, заводы, перерабатывающие мясо, шерстяной и мясной породы, стада, дневной рацион.

 

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