Transferring the patient to the operating theatre.

A patient is usually transferred to the operating theatre on a stretcher. In emergency, providing endotracheal anaesthesia via intubation is continued if the patient has been previously intubated, with simultaneous mechanical pulmonary ventilation.

If the tourniquet has been applied for external bleeding, the patient is taken to the theatre with it, the tourniquet being removed immediately before or during the operation. Similarly, the patients with open fractures are admitted to the operating theatre with the dressing originally placed on the wound as well as the transportation splint intact. The cases with acute intestinal obstruction will be admitted to the theatre with a nasogastric tube.

A surgical patient is gently transferred from the stretcher to the operating table together with the intravenous infusion system, tourniquet or transportation splint, and is positioned as required.

TESTS

Chapter VII. PREOPERATIVE PERIOD

1. Which of the following are specific types of surgery:

1. Microsurgery.

2. Endoscopy.

3. Simultaneous.

4. Diagnostic.

5. Endovascular.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 5. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 1, 3, 4, 5. D. 4, 5.

Which of the following conditions require urgent surgery?

1. Gastric carcinoma.

2. Perforated gastric ulcer.

3. Acute appendicitis.

4. Malignant pulmonary tumour.

5. Incarcerated inguinal hernia.

6. Lipoma of the shoulder.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 2, 3, 5. B. 1, 3, 5. C. 2, 4, 6. D. 2, 3. E. 1, 4.

3. A surgical operation includes the following stages:

1. Surgical approach.

2. Laying the patient down on the operating table.

3. Surgical technique.

4. Arrest of bleeding.

5. Suturing of the wound.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 1, 3, 5. D. 1, 3, 4, 5.

Which of the operations should be first on the schedule?

A. Phlebectomy.

B. Pulmonectomy.

C. Resection of the transverse colon.

D. Resection of the small bowel.

E. Application of the secondary sutures.

Choose the correct answer.

5. The male patient is admitted to the surgical department, supposedly with ileus, after 3 days of recurrent vomiting, adynamia, and palpitations. The most significant metabolic and haematological problems that require correction preoperatively are as follows:

1. Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia.

2. Hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia.

3. Hypoproteinaemia.

4. Hypovolaemia.

5. Anaemia.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 2, 3. B. 1, 2, 5. C. 4, 5. D. 1, 4. E. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

6. The aims of the preoperative period include which of the following:

1. Making the definitive diagnosis.

2. Determination of the indications for the surgery.

3. Preparing the patient for the surgery.

4. Determination of the urgency and character of the surgery.

5. Determination of the extent and duration of the surgery.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 3. B. 1, 3, 4, 5. C. 2, 3, 4, 5. D. 1, 2, 3, 4. E. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

7. The preoperative period begins:

A. At the onset of the disease.

B. The moment the diagnosis has been established.

C. On admission to the surgical department.

D. Once the indications for surgery have been determined.

Choose the correct answer.

8. The major factors of duration of the preoperative period are which of the following:

1. Nature of the disease.

2. Extent of the surgery to be performed.

3. The condition of the patient.

4. The method of anaesthesia used.

5. Urgency of the surgery.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 3. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 3, 5. D. 2, 4, 5. E. 2, 3, 5.

9. The aims of the direct preoperative workup include which of the following:

1. To make the definitive diagnosis.

2. To recognise concurrent conditions, if any.

3. To determine the indications for the surgery.

4. To combat endogenous infection, if any.

5. To eliminate hypovolaemia and hypoproteinaemia.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 3. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 3, 4, 5. D. 3, 4. E. 4, 5.

What immediately precedes the surgery?

1. Standard hygiene of the oral cavity.

2. Shaving of the area to be operated on.

3. Premedication.

4. Blood transfusion.

5. Gastric lavage.

Choose the right combination of answers:

A. 1, 2, 3. B. 2, 3. C. 3, 4. D. 2, 3, 5. E. 1, 3.

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