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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
What can you tell about Ukraine?
What outstanding people of Ukraine do you know? What is the date of the proclamation of Independence of Ukraine?
Vocabulary notes
UKRAINE Ukraine is an independent country in Eastern Europe with 47 million people and an area of 603,700 km [ 233,200 sq. miles]. It is larger than France and is fifth in Europe for population. Ukraine's territory is so large that you could easily fit into its area eight countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, Hungary and Albania. The capital of Ukraine is Kiev [Kyiv] with 3 million population. In ancient times Ukraine was named Scythia and the legendary Amazons lived here. Ukrainian wheat fed ancient Greece and since then Ukraine has been known as the 'breadbasket of Europe'. The medieval kingdom of Kiev Rus was the largest in Europe a thousand years ago and the Kiev royal family intermarried with the royal families of France, Hungary, Byzantium, Poland, Germany and Scandinavia. The Ukrainian princess Anna Yaroslavna was Queen of France in the 11th century. Even Queen Elizabeth II has a Ukrainian ancestor, King Vladimir Monomakh. The Ukrainian slave girl Roxolana became the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent of the Turkish Empire. Kiev was one of Europe's greatest cities and St. Sophia Cathedral [1036 A.D. ] is a century older than Notre Dame of Paris. In 1187 the name Ukraine, meaning borderland, was first used to designate Southern Rus below Kiev. In 1240 the Mongol-Tatar armies, founded originally by Genghis Khan, captured Kiev and ended the existence of the state of Rus or Ruthenia. In the last 759 years up to 1999 Ukraine has only known 21 years of independence because it fell under Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Austrian, Hungarian and German rule over the centuries. In World War II [ 1941-1945 ] Ukraine lost 10 million population including 8 million killed and over 2 million young Ukrainian ostarbeiter slave labourers taken to Germany and whose fate is mostly unknown. In spite of the Kaganovich 1933 famine genocide and the war Ukraine became a highly industrialized country. For example, the first computer in Europe [ and second after the USA ] was built in Kiev. The Ukrainian scientist Serhiy Korolev built the world's first ICBM and was the genius who conquered space. He put Sputnik in space, the first man in space and was the first to hit the Moon with a rocket. NASA used the theory of the Ukrainian Yuri Kondratiuk to land the first-man on the Moon. Both Korolev and Kondratiuk have their Ukrainian names on craters on the far side of the Moon. Ukrainian American Igor Sikorsky, the inventor of the helicopter, built his first two helicopters as a young man in his hometown Kiev. In March 1999 the Sea Launch project of Boeing successfully launched a Ukrainian Zenit rocket into space from the equator in the Pacific Ocean and is scheduled to use many more Ukrainian rockets to place satellites in space. The world's largest rocket factory, of which Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma was CEO, is located in Dnipropetrovsk. It has had over 100 rockets successfully launched into space .
THE LEGISLATIVE POWER The sole body of legislative power in Ukraine is the Parliament-the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine consists of 450 National Deputies of Ukraine who are elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage, by secret ballot. The authority of National Deputies of Ukraine commences from the moment of the taking of the oath and they are guaranteed parliamentary immunity. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is competent on the condition that no less than two-thirds of its constitutional composition has been elected. There are the Special and Regular elections of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine works in sessions (Regular and Special ). Decisions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine are adopted exclusively at its plenary meetings by voting. THE EXECUTIVE POWER The President of Ukraine is the Head of State and the guarantor of state sovereignty, territorial indivisibility of Ukraine and the observance of the Constitution of Ukraine and human and citizens' rights and freedoms. He is elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term, on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage, by secret ballot. The President enjoys the right of immunity during the term of authority. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is guided in its activity by the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine and by the acts of the President of Ukraine and it is composed of the Prime Minister of Ukraine, the First Vice Prime Minister, three Vice Prime Ministers and the Ministers. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, within the limits of its competence, issues resolutions and orders that are mandatory for execution. The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine with the consent of more than one-half of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The executive power in oblasts, districts, and in the Cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol is exercised by local state administrations. THE JUDICIAL POWER Justice in Ukraine is administered exclusively by the courts. Judicial decisions are adopted by the courts in the name of Ukraine and are mandatory for execution throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. The independence and immunity of judges are guaranteed by the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine. Judicial proceedings are performed by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and courts of general jurisdiction. The people directly participate in the administration of justice through people's assessors and jurors. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction. The respective high courts are the highest judicial bodies of specialized courts. Courts of appeal and local courts operate in accordance with the law. Justice is administered by professional judges and, in cases determined by law, people's assessors and jurors. The High Council of Justice consists of twenty members.
Task 1. Translate the following words & word-combinations into Ukrainian. the sole body, constitutional composition, four-year term, by secret ballot, be determined by law, regular elections, special elections, take the oath, parliamentary immunity, enjoy the right of immunity, the observance of the Constitution, judicial body, operate, in accordance with .
Task 2. Match the Ukrainian terms with the English equivalents.
Task 3. Use the following expressions in the sentences of your own: under the Constitution, to be adopted, to be elected, to be represented, direct suffrage, voting, on the basis of, in accordance with
Task 4. Match the synonyms from the box below.
Task 5. Match the equivalents of the words used in the text.
Task 6. Encircle the suffixes & translate the following words. legislative executive judicial legislature executor judiciary legislate execute judicious legislation execution judge legislator executioner
Task 7. Complete the sentences & translate them. |
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