Доброва Т. Е., Копыловская М. Ю.

Доброва Т. Е., Копыловская М. Ю.

WORLDWIDE NEWS

(listen and speak)

(пособие для развития навыков аудирования и говорения

для студентов 3 курса)

Санкт-Петербург

МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Пособие WORLDWIDE NEWS (listen and speak) предназначено для развития навыков аудирования и говорения студентов тех факультетов, для которых актуальна общественно-политическая тематика.

Основная часть пособия состоит из 16 разделов (units) и секции тестирования (3 теста в двух вариантах).

Каждый раздел состоит из 2 основных подразделов AT HOME и IN CLASS.

Раздел AT HOME содержит задание на получение фоновой информации из Интернета для выполнения теста на проверку навыков аудирования и лексические упражнения, предназначенные для выполнения дома.

Раздел IN CLASS содержит:

Вводные упражнения, позволяющие определить действующие лица аудиотекста и помогающее закрепить в памяти их имена и другие собственные имена, встречающиеся в проислушиваемой записи.
Далее следуют тесты, трех уровней сложности С-, B-, A-Comprehension Tests:

- С- тест – тест множественного выбора;

- В-тест – направленный на более детальное понимание и расширение словарного запаса.

Этот тестразделен на вопросную часть (Part 1)[1] и несколько (3-5) частей с заданиями по содержанию всего текста.

В группах среднего уровня рекомендуется пошаговое выполнение задания, сильным группам можно предложить выполнить части с 3 по 5 единым блоком, не разбивая на фрагменты.

- А-тест – предназначен для сильных групп и может быть выполнен письменно в форме краткого изложения или в форме устного пересказа прослушанного текста с обязательным использованием новой опорной лексики.

В ряде разделов пересказ предлагается выполнить от лица различных сторон, представленного новостного сообщения.

Дополнительная часть пособия содержит также раздел для повторения и монторинга усвоения лексических знаний, раздел с выборочными ключами к упражнениям, скрипты аудиотекстов и раздел со ссылками на используемые в пособии источники аудиотекстов и скриптов.

Авторы пособия с благодарностью примут любые замечания и рекомендации коллег.

Text 1.

Former Liberian Leader Faces War Crimes Tribunal

At home

Find information about the current situation in Liberia in the WWW.

What is the message of the political cartoon above? Who might be the man? What might he be doing? Why?

Look at the text title and complete the sentences according to their possible occurrence in the text.

Taylor is the first African head of the state…

But six years later, under international pressure…

Mr. Taylor now stands accused of…

Prosecutors allege that…

3 a). Form abstract nouns from these verbs:

civilize		orchestrate
prosper		vary
terrorise		suffer
conscript		accuse

3 b). Fill in the gaps with the help of expressions above:

1) The _________of ancient Greece flowered more than 2500 years ago but it influences the way we live today.

2) He denied the _________that he had lied to the police.

3) _________often encompasses wealth but also includes others factors which are independent of wealth to varying degrees, such as happiness and health.

4) A ___________of inexpensive goods are sold here.

5) Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has accused the United States of __________the conflict in Georgia to benefit one of its presidential election candidates.

6) Louis XIV combined legal persecution with the policy of _____________recalcitrant Huguenots.

7) They hope these new drugs will help to bring an end to the ______________of patients.

8) ______________, compulsory military service for young men, has been a contentious issue throughout Australia's history.

4 a). Match these words

1) plead not guilty	people
2) terrorize	militia
3) face	soldiers
4) conscript	to charges
5) hack off	to the orders
6) privy	charges
7) armed	limbs

4 b). Fill in the gaps with the help of expressions above:

1)Yesterday in Royal Court two men _______________ _____________to _______they created panic.

2) The Coles are _____ to a lot of history surrounding the outhouse and are determined to bring the place back to its golden era.

3) “We never __________ or intimidate the people, " Lieutenant-Colonel told me.

4) We shall not need to __________our __________ any more, if our army becomes an army of professionals.

5) At 1: 30 p.m., a bus stopped in front of the entrance gate and ____________of approximately 40 heavily armed gunmen got out, firing at the people in the encampment.

In Class

1. Listen to the WebcastFormer Liberian Leader Faces The War Crimes Tribunaland do the exercises below.

Match positions with the names

Positions	Names
1) the chief prosecutor	a) Jabati Mambu
2) reports on the historic trial	b) Stephen Rapp
3) one of those victims	c) Stephanie Kennedy

3. Group these names into these two columns:

Freetown, the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone, The Hague, Sierra Leone, Liberia

The International Community	Hot Spot Properties

C - Comprehension Test 1

B - Comprehension Test 1

Listen to the Webcast Former Liberian leader faces war crimes tribunal, answer the questions and fill in the gaps.

Part 1

1. Who is Charles Taylor? How did he rise to power? Why are the Liberians destined to remember him?

2. Why does the reporter believe that he has set a new mark?

3. What is he accused of? What charges is he facing now?

4. How old is he? Has he pleaded guilty to any of the changes?

5. Where does the trial take place? When was it resumed?

Part 2

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: Just over a decade ago, Charles Taylor came to power promising his country peace and______________.

CHARLES TAYLOR: Charles Taylor _____________ peace, and Charles Taylor is about ___________this country ________the world community of nations.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: But six years later, ________ international pressure, the Liberian president ______________________________________.

CHARLES TAYLOR: I can no longer __________, the suffering is enough, for you are good people. You have been very good to me through the grace of God, and I love you from__________________________________.

I will always remember you wherever I am, and I say to you, God willing, I will be back.

Part 3

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: Mr Taylor now stands accused of __________________________________ of neighbouring Sierra Leone by ______________________committed by the rebels.

These _________________ hacked off the limbs of thousands of people during the country's 10 year civil war that ended in 2003.
Jabati Mambu is one of those victims.

JABATI MAMBU: They went into our house, dragged me out of the bed, you know, threw me outside, and they asked that they should cut my hands off. Then I said, " Well, instead I should join you." They said " No, " and one of the guys, the commander, commanded____________________________, and the guy came with an axe, and that was what they used_________________.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: ____________________ that Charles Taylor armed, ________________and controlled Sierra Leone's revolutionary rebels ____________________________________ blood diamonds.

Part 4
The chief prosecutor at the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone is Stephen Rapp, and he acknowledges that this case is a _____________________________.

STEPHEN RAPP: We recognise that that's our challenge. We don't______________ that Charles Taylor ever crossed the border into Sierra Leone, or that he chopped off anybody's hand himself, or _______________ on the streets of Freetown.

But we have a challenge and we are going to meet that _____________ witnesses from the inside. There are people that are quite close to him, there are people that further away from him that, __________________, hear communications or are __________________ that he has provided, or who ______________ his key lieutenants _________________________ in Sierra Leone giving orders, or providing material.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: The trial is being broadcast live to Freetown, and the public ___________________

____________________________

A - Comprehension Test 1

Listen to the Webcast Former Liberian leader faces war crimes tribunalagain and use the information from above to report back the news story.Follow these questions.

1) How according to the presenter did the Liberian leader rise to power? Why does he think Charles Taylor will be long remembered by the Liberians?

2) Why does the journalist say that Charles Taylor has set a new mark this time?

3) What is he accused of and what charges does he face in this case?

4) How old is Charles Taylor? Did he plead guilty to any of the charges?

5) Where does the historic trial take place?

6) What did the Liberian leader promise his people when he came to power?

7) Who made him resign?

8) What country was subjected to terrorism? How did Charles Taylor contribute to the situation in the country?

9) What cruel crimes were committed by the militia?

10) How did one of the victims describe the militia’s actions? What were the criminals like?

11) What is Charles Taylor alleged to have done in exchange for blood diamonds?

12) What difficulties did the chief prosecutor at the Special Court for Sierra Leone experience in judging the case?

13) Who are the witnesses to Taylor’s case? What kind of evidence do they provide?

Text 2.

At home

Find in the WWW the information about Tampa Affair in 2001.

What is the message of the political cartoon above? What can you see in the top of the cartoon?

Why?

In Class

C - Comprehension Test 2

Listen to the WebcastEllison canvasses forcing Papuan boats back to Indonesiaand circle the correct answer

1. Senator Chris Ellison insists on forcing boats with Papuan asylum seekers. A out of the country B out of Australian territorial waters C out of Indonesia	2. In the Tampa affair in 2001, the navy forced several boats carrying A Middle Eastern holiday-makers B Middle Eastern asylum seekers C Papuan asylum seekers
3. The Australian Senator says the way the problem is dealt with depends A on the circumstances in which these people are intercepted B on the circumstances of other attempts at illegal entrance into Australia C on the circumstances of legal entrance into Australia	4. According to Senator Ellison the measures they took to deal with illegal immigrants A are quite new B are partly changed C are not altered
5. Senator Ellison refers to the incident as A the people mugging issue B a breach of Australian law C the people smuggling issue	6. When Australian authorities came across the boatload of illegal immigrants A they possessed background information B they benefited from knowing their background C they didn’t have any information about them
7. The Minister for Customs and Justice is to safeguard the country’s borders against A illegal entrance only when security is at risk B illegal fishing, illegal entrance, security risks C illegal fishing and illegal entrance risks	8. The measures against illegal immigration would be determined at the time by authorities A responsible for looking after illegal fishers B engaged in the process of looking after our waters C engaged in the process of looking after our borders

B - Comprehension Test 2

Listen to the Webcast Ellison canvasses forcing Papuan boats back to Indonesia and use the information from ex.2, 3 to fill in the gaps

Part 1

1) Where did the boats with Papuans arrive from? Who canvassed the move to force them back?

2) What was the case with Tampa Affair?

3) Who was on board the boats forced back to Indonesian waters by the navy?

4) Where did the Senator make a statement that Government’s policy hadn’t changed?

Part 2

Peter Mares asked him if boats carrying West Papuans would be forced back to Indonesia.

CHRIS ELLISON: Well it will depend on the circumstances in which we_________________________, but certainly they will be dealt with as we would deal with any other attempts _______________________into Australia.

And of course _____________ place _______________dealing with people who try to enter our country illegally. And you've seen what we've done in the past and our policy has not changed.

Part 3

PETER MARES: You've said that Papuan _________________are no different to any other boat people, but that's not the case is it.

I mean, these are Indonesian nationals _____________from Indonesia. They're not like Afghans or Iraqis who are coming through another country.

CHRIS ELLISON: Well, of course, when we dealt with the ______________________before, we didn't know where those people came from at the time. ___________________of course we ______________that, but when we come upon a boatload of people who are trying to enter Australia illegally we don't have the ___________knowing their_______________, what their case is or why they're there. All we are presented with is an attempt to enter Australia illegally.

Now, of course, we have measures for dealing with that, and of course our policy is also very well known and we will_______________________.

Part 4

PETER MARES: You accept that forcing a __________ back to a place of _________ is ______________ _______________international law?

CHRIS ELLISON: Look, I think that the international law that we're ________________ is our __________ ___________________ in that we're ________________________.

As the Minister ____Customs and Justice I have responsibility ______border control, and that is ____________ our borders __________illegal ___________, illegal _________, _____________________ and anything else which __________________ this country including quarantine.
Now that is a right we have to maintain and that is our sovereignty as a nation and our sovereign waters.

PART 5

PETER MARES: Australia is ______________to the International Convention on Refugees. Do you accept that forcing a refugee back to a place of persecution ________________that __________________ and is a breach of international law?

CHRIS ELLISON: When we're faced with ________________of people, they don't come with a sign saying, " These Are Refugees". When we're _________________ that situation on the water, we don't know who they are; we don't know their background.

They might say they're refugees, they might say they're all sorts of things but I have to tell you that we're primarily _______________looking out _____ Australia's __________ and security. And that means that we intercept people who are trying to enter this country illegally and that could involve a number of measures which would be________________at the timeby authorities who are ________________the process of looking after our borders.

A - Comprehension Test 2

Listen to the Webcast and use the information to report back the news story. Follow these questions.

1) What was Tampa Affair about? How does it correspond to the current incident with Papuans?

2)What circumstances will determine the treatment of the illegal immigrants?

3) What distinguishes Papuans from Tampa Affair people?

4) How does Senator Elison justify his canvassing the possibility of forcing back people entering Australia illegally? Why do you think he mentions the people smuggling issues?

5) What actions of Australian Government does the journalist call/ refer to as? “the breach of international law”?

6) How does the senator understand what the international law is/ how does the senator define international law?

7) What are the threats against which the Minister for Customs and Justice is to safeguard country’s borders?

8) What convention related to the issue was signed by Australia? How does the journalist qualify the actions of Australian government( i.e. forcing immigrants back)?

9) What is the first priority for the authorities when spotting a boat of people in the territorial waters? Or what are the authorities primarily charged with?

10) What officials are supposed to determine the measures to be worked out against the border violators?

Text 3.

At home

Find in the WWW the information about the following.

a) What does the word Taliban mean?

In what country does Secret Intelligence Service operate? Why is it sometimes called MI6?

b) Who are the people in the cartoon? What are they doing? What is the implicit message of the depicted scene?

In Class

C - Comprehension Test 3

B - Comprehension Test 2

Listen to the Webcast Britain in hot water over alleged Taliban meetings, answer the questions and to fill in the gaps.

Part 1.

1) What are the reasons for tensions rising between the Afghan Government and the international community?

2) What were the two official accused of?

3) What country is now under a threat to find itself in direct conflict with the Afghan?

Part 2.

In London, Stephanie Kennedy reports.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: The _____________ of the European Union's mission in Afghanistan, Michael Semple, and ___________________ Mervyn Patterson, were declared persona non grata by the Kabul administration for " threatening national security".

The pair has been accused of holding talks with the Taliban in Helmand Province in the south.

Rory Stewart is ______________, and he now runs a charity aimed at _____________ parts of Afghanistan.

RORY STEWART: These are two of ________________international experts in Afghanistan. Both of them have lived in Afghanistan for more than 10 years, through the Civil War period, through the Taliban period, and now through the ________________government. They speak local languages fluently and they're two of the only people who are able to ______________________in these very dangerous insurgency areas, largely because of their good relationship, ____________________over 10 years.

It's a very serious loss to the international community.

Part 3.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: And he says the Afghan Government's decision ______________ them is a worrying sign.

RORY STEWART: I think it's very disturbing. This is the kind of action ______________ normally ____________ the Soviet Union, not with a country which is financed almost entirely by America and Europe and is supposed to be a liberal democratic state.

And it ______________ the question, of course, of what exactly the Afghan Government is trying to hide, because they've _______________________________________ two peoplewho are probably some of the people who know more about Afghanistan than anyone else, and is the reason they're expelling them that they're worried that these people might reveal that there's more support for the Taliban in the south than the Afghan Government is prepared _______________________.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: ______________________ as a British newspaper __________________ that members of Britain's secret intelligence service, ________, held meetings earlier this year with senior Taliban members in Afghanistan.

That could________________________ _____________________ for the British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, after he recently denied there were any talks with the Taliban.

Part 4

GORDON BROWN: Let me make it clear ___________________________that as part of ____________________ we are winning the battle against the Taliban insurgency, we are ___________ and _______________________ the leadership of the Taliban, we are not negotiating with them.

STEPHANIE KENNEDY: ________________________ in Afghanistan say that talking to the insurgents does go on, it just depends on how you define the Taliban - are they just the ____________________ or the ____ _______________________________________ that back them who _____________________________ to support the Government?

Alastair Crooke is a former EU________________. He now tries to ________________dialogue with both peaceful and armed Islamist groups. He explains the difficulties of talking to those fighting the Afghan Government and Western forces.

Part 5.

ALASTAIR CROOKE: I think there are different ______________________ the Taliban, and there are those that evidently are contemplating some form of areturn to ________________, or at least to being participants in the ________________________ of Afghanistan, and are looking to finding a way back, if you like, into some sort of _________________________________________________________ arrangement.
And I think it's likely that the authorities there, or _____________ the European governments and the UN, must be thinking about the possibility of trying to bring a ________________ government in Afghanistan, in order to ____________________ it for the _____________________.
STEPHANIE KENNEDY: The UN hopes the _____________________ can be _______________ and the pair will be able to return to Afghanistan soon.

In London, this is Stephanie Kennedy reporting for AM.

A – Comprehension Test 3

Text 4.

At home

In class

1. Listen to the Webcast Bush denies Iran nuclear threat exaggerated and do the exercises.

Group these words and word combinations Iran's nuclear threat, Tehran, America's allies, Israel, Britain, France, Washington, friends, America's foes, the White House, Russia, Europe’s approach. What principle determined your grouping? Write the Key word(s) in the heading line.

Key word(s):	Key word(s):

C – Comprehension Test 4

1. US President, George W. Bush has A ignored claims that the USA has been exaggerating Iran's nuclear threat. B avoided speaking about alleged claims that the USA has been exaggerating Iran's nuclear threat. C been surprised with claims that the USA has been exaggerating Iran's nuclear threat.	2. Instead President Bush insists that A Iran still poses a danger to the world, B Tehran has halted its nuclear weapons program. C Iran is inspired by new American intelligence
3. Mr. Bush's line is backed by A Britain and France B Israel, Britain and France C none of America’s allies	4. A new US intelligence assessment says A Iran succeeded in its nuclear program B it is " warning signal" C Iran’s nuclear program has been inactive for four years
5. The national intelligence estimate has A surprised America's friends B surprised America’s enemies and supporters C taken opinions of America’s friends and foes into consideration	6. US President believes that A Iran is a danger B the USA is to stop worrying about Iran C nothing's changed in Iran
7. Iran’s Foreign Minister claims that his country A will be able to go on in its program under the supervision of the IAEA B will continue under the supervision of the IAEA C can’t continue under the supervision of the IAEA	8. The US is apparently worried that the report A could badly influence its drive for a fresh round of UN sanctions against Iran B could drive for a fresh round of UN sanctions against Iran C is to start a fresh round of UN sanctions against Iran
9. Israel's Prime Minister calls for joint efforts A to prevent Iran from gaining nuclear capacity. B to stop helping Iran in acquiring nuclear weapon C to restrict US interference in Iran’s home policy	10. The report backs Europe's approach of trying to negotiate with Iran A and all countries share this opinion B and reflects position of Britain and France C and reflects position of Germany and Britain
11. France says world powers should A work out a new UN resolution. B continue cooperate with the UN C prepare themselves to a new resolution of the UN	12. The IAEA says the US report should help A lessen the current tensions around the issue B understand the problem in details C ease financial problem in Iran

B - Comprehension Test 4

Part 1

1. What claims did the US President shrug off?

2. What information has new American intelligence delivered?

3. Who supports the US president?

Part 2

Washington correspondent Kim Landers reports.

KIM LANDERS: There's no going back for a President who once ____________

_________ of World War Threeand _____________a nuclear holocaust if Iran had nuclear weapons.

Faced with a new US ____________________________, that Iran's nuclear weapons program has been ____________________ for four years, George W Bush prefers to call the report a " warning signal".

GEORGE W. BUSH: Iran was dangerous, Iran is dangerous and Iran will be dangerous if they have ___________ necessary ________ a nuclear weapon.

Part 3

KIM LANDERS: The national intelligence _________ has taken America's friends and _________ by surprise after years of _____________ from the US, accusing Iran of pursuing ______________________ nuclear weapons.

But the President's warning message is one he's repeated often, in what can be regarded as a _______________________media conference at the White House today.

GEORGE W. BUSH: I still feel strongly that Iran's a danger. _________________________ in this NIE (National Intelligence Estimate) that says, " Okay, why don't we just stop worrying about it? " ____________
__________________________.

Part 4

KIM LANDERS: Iran's _________________________ is Manouchehr Mottaki.

MANOUCHEHR MOTTAKI (translated): Now that the questions and ___________________ have been ___________________, if any countries have found answers to those question, no matter what their intentions were, and now want to correct their views towards Iran, we will obviously welcome that. The Iranian nuclear issue is a normal issue, like that of all countries, and Iran will continue its activities ____________________ of the ____________________.

KIM LANDERS: The US is clearly concerned that the intelligence report could cripple its _____________ a fresh round of UN _______________ against Iran.

Russia has ___________________ said it has no evidence Iran ________ nuclear weapons, so today President Bush phoned Vladimir Putin to make the case now's not the time to back off.

Part 5

Israel's _____________________ Ehud Olmert says it's still vital to stop Iran from developing nuclear weapons in the future.

EHUD OLMERT: There's a need to continue ______________ to stop Iran from _____________ nuclear ___________________.

KIM LANDERS: Britain and Germany say the report ____________ Europe's _____________________ of trying to negotiate with Iran, while France says world powers should ______________________________a new UN resolution.

The International Atomic Energy Agency says the US report should " help ___________________ the current ____________________ ".

But President Bush warns military force is still _____________________to stop Iran from getting nuclear arms.

This is Kim Landers in Washington for AM

A – Comprehension Test 4

Text 5.

At home

Discuss the following.

a) The scandal over the disruption of gas supply to Belarus was among the top news of the year 2007.

What has been done by the parties: Russia, Belarus, European countries to protect their economies and to secure sustainable development of cooperation in this field?

b) What is the message of the cartoon? As far as there are not too many actors in the picture what else would you add to this?

In class

C - Comprehension Test 5

1. In January 2007 Europe had to contemplate A Russia's oil production future B new oil and gas supplies agreement C the future of its oil and gas supplies	2.Russia’s energy policy triggered the situation as A Belarus insulted Russia BRussia increased the price for fuel twice CRussia increased price for all exported goods twice
3.The reaction from Belarus was A a price hike for oil on its territory B they rose price for oil carried across the country C a massive purchasing of oil from abroad	4. With all that Europe has to A adjust their economy to the situation B be dependent from oil. C give up search for sources of alternative energy
5. Angela Merkel promised A to fix prices as high as in Moscow B to exert pressure on Moscow C to discuss the options with Moscow	6. She also believes that Germany A is to shut down nuclear reactors B shouldn’t close down nuclear power stations C it is wise to cease the work of nuclear power stations
7. President Vladimir Putin told his government A to continue talks with Belarus B did everything to secure its strategic resources C should do everything to guarantee trouble-proof supplies to EU	8. There is a need for Europe to try and develop A a more consistent approach to energy issues B a more coherent measures to punish Belarus C a more coherent response to Russia’s initiatives
9. If Europe doesn’t work out a clear energy supplies strategy A Russia will stop being a big player B Russia will do it for the European countries C Russia will dictate its political will to all countries	10. European countries will always look for alternatives as A no country wants to be dependable on Russia B no country wants to have foreign supplies C no country wants to rely on a single foreign supplier
11. The reporter suggests that Russia might deal with Western countries A altogether B separately C only with countries of Eastern Europe	12.Tim Williams believes that Russia’s domination in the European oil and gas market A will lead to the growth of funding nuclear energy projects B renew investments in nuclear weapons development C may contribute to renewed investment in fossil fuel research

B - Comprehension Test 5

Part 1

1) Why did the European politicians have to address the problem of oil and gas in January 2007?

2) Why did Belarus threaten to cease supplies to Europe?

3) How many countries was Belarus going to “switch off”?

4) Why did Belarus decide to shut off the pipeline?

Part 2

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Belarus and Russia _____________over gas and oil prices, but on the 1st of January, Russia ____________of its gas. The response from Minsk was a massive rise in the price of oil carried across its territory. Moscow refused to pay, and the result was Belarus _______________

_______________________________________________________________.

That pipeline carries half of all Russia's oil exports to Europe, and with Russia supplying around______________, and even more of its imported gas, it's a ______________that has Europe worried.

The EU's Energy Commissioner, Andris Piebalgs, says such dramatic disputes mean Europe must_______________________________________________.

ANDRIS PIEBALGS: I would say it is really not acceptable. Security of supply can't be built on_______________________. But we should look generally for_______________, because now we are most dependent if our economy is from oil. So it means that we should work______________. We should look in the ______________. We really should look upon what could be alternatives if there is a really definite problem with our supplies globally.

Part 3

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London Tim Williams

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: With Germany currently holding the presidency of the EU, Chancellor Angela Merkel said the dispute is__________________, and she'll _________________________later this month. She also questioned the wisdom of plans in Germany __________________________over the next decade.

In response, Russian President Vladimir Putin told his government ministers that negotiations with Belarus must continue, and that Russia must " do everything _________________________".

Tim Williams is an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London.

TIM WILLIAMS: A lot of European countries are having to think about energy security in ways that they didn't have to before. There is a need for Europe to try and develop_________________, because otherwise big players such as Russia can just ____________and ___________________________.

Part 4

Europe Correspondent Rafael Epstein and an analyst at the Royal United Services Institute in London Tim Williams

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Is the response then, if that's the way Russia's going to act, that's even more of a reason why ____________________is an option?

TIM WILLIAMS: Possibly, yes, but I think, in any case, countries would never be happy in the long-term to have__________________, so they'll always look at alternatives.

Obviously if Russia is going to use energy as _______________, then that will only increase governments' feelings that that's what they should do, that they should diversify.

But it may well contribute to_______________________, yes.

A - Comprehension Test 5

1) How does the Europe correspondent characterize disputes between Russia and Belarus over gas and oil prices?

2) What steps were made by Russia on the 1st of January 2007?

3) What were the countermeasures of Belarus?

4) How much of Europe is supplied by this pipeline?

5) What were European countries concerned about?

6) What according to Andris Piebalgs Europe must do to avoid the repetition of the crisis?

7) What situation is impermissible when it comes to security of supply in Energy Commissioner’s opinion?

8) What are possible alternatives to oil and gas energetics?

9) What is Angela’s Merkel attitude towards the dispute? What did she promise to do right after the oil scandal broke out?

10) What plans of German politicians she believes to be ill-considered in the view of oil and gas supply insecurity?

11) What is Vladimir Putin quoted to say in response?

12) What is first thing for Europe to do reckoning its dependence on Russia’s oil and gas?

13) What are the fears, regarding Russian oil and gas policy that the London analyst articulates?

14) What source of energy is precisely viewed in this part as an option?

15) What can be a source of dissatisfaction for any European country in the long term?

16) What use is Russia going to make of being rich in oil and gas according to London analyst?

17) How is it likely to affect investment flows?

Text 6.

At home

Discuss the following.

a) What can be the reasons for toughening flight security measures for Europeans travelling to the USA? Surf the Internet for the information about Al-Qaeda’s presence in Europe?

b) Why is the lady in the picture so angry? What kind of inconveniences experienced by passengers of airlines does the cartoon reflect?

In class

1. Listen to the Webcast EU travellers face tougher US flight security and do the exercises.

C - Comprehension Test 6

1. People travelling to America from Europe will soon А be more thoroughly checked В become the major source of terrorism С secure tougher checks	2. The head of the US Department of Homeland Security told the BBC that A they remember all terrorist acts B they are mindful of 2 bombings C they have to remember 1bombng and 2 attempted terrorist acts
3. He believes that terrorists look to Europe as A a platform for terrorist attacks B a target for terrorist acts C both	4. The person that worries US officials A worked from a small apartment in London B operated out of a small flat in Morocco C worked against the internet supporters of Islamism.
5. Irhabi 007 promoted terrorism by A financial assistance B moral support C distributing information	6. Scotland Yard's counter terrorism chief says that Irhabi 007 A appointed a meeting with Al-Qaeda members through the Internet B was responsible for the connection of Al-Qaeda with other networks C was linking into Scotland Yard through the internet.
7. British officials are now concerned about A establishing a branch of Al-Qaeda in the UK B establishing a fully-fledged Al-Qaeda network C a posting that talks about establishing an Al-Qaeda in the UK	8. The site A called Muslims to kill political leaders except Gordon Brown B called Muslims to kill political leaders C cited Gordon Brown to call for killing terrorists
9. Dr Peter Neumann explained to the BBC that A the website has no credibility among terrorists B the website has some trust among terrorists C the existence of the website doesn’t mean that there is any terrorist structure in GB	10. Analysts say the posting could have been A a signal to start a psychological warfare B a sign of al-Qaeda's waning influence Ca sign of increasing tension within the organization

B - Comprehension Test 6

Part 1

1.What inconveniencies may people travelling from Europe to America face in the near future? Why?

2. What facts urged counter terrorism officials to announce the possible toughening security measures?

Part 2

Europe correspondent, Rafael Epstein reports.

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Fly to the US from the Middle East and even with a visa you could face weeks of __________________________.
But if you fly there with a European passport, under the ______________________________ the first time the US gets to check up on you when you land at the airport.

Now European visitors may have to ________________________ before they ______________ the United States. As Michael Chertoff, head of the US Department of _________________________ told the BBC.

MICHAEL CHERTOFF: We've watched the rise of _______________________terrorism. We are obviously ____________ the Madrid bombings, the attempted bombings in Germany, the airplane plot of 2006.

And that suggests to us that the terrorists are _____________ looking to Europe both as a target and as a platform for terrorist attacks.

Part 3

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: On the same day, full details emerged of the sort of person that worries US officials.

Operating out of a small flat in West London, Moroccan born Younes Tsouli spent years becoming one of the __________________________________________ supporters of violent Islamism.

Using the online name of Irhabi 007 or Terrorist 007, he published manuals on topics like ________________, he _________________________________ for people in Europe, the US and Bosnia, who said they wanted to launch attacks, and he helped al-Qaeda in Iraq to distribute their internet videos to a wider audience.

Part 4

Scotland Yard's counter terrorism chief Peter Yates.
PETER YATES: He, I think it's not unreasonable to say, provided a link between core al-Qaeda, the heart of al-Qaeda and the wider networks that he was _______________ through the internet.

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: While _______________ was sentenced for helpinga _______________ al-Qaeda __________________, British officials are now concerned about __________________________ on a website herethat talked about establishing a much less formalised Al-Qaeda in the UK.

Officials say they've been looking into activity on a _______________________________ internet site that urged young Muslims in Britain to kill political leaders, including Prime Minister Gordon Brown

As Dr Peter Neumann from Kings College in London explained to the BBC.

PETER NEUMANN: It was certainly published on a website that has some credibility amongst ______________. At the same time, a lot of these statements are _____________. It doesn't mean, I think, that there is an actual structure in place. That there are ________________________ operating in this country - that would surprise me very much.

RAFAEL EPSTEIN: Analysts say the posting could have been the equivalent of simple _________________________, a sign of al-Qaeda's ____________________ or a sign of its future ___________________.

A - Comprehension Test 6

1) Why did the USA decide to undertake tougher security measures regarding Europeans travelling to the USA?

2) What may Europeans be asked to do before they fly to the USA?

3) What considerations make the US Department of Homeland Security suggest that Europeans can pose a threat for the USA?
4) What person has become the reason for particular concern of the US Homeland Security Department?

5) What was his on-line name? What kind of activity was he preoccupied with? 6) What was his main role as an internet al-Qaeda supporter?
7) What are British officials now concerned about?

8) What is Dr Peter Neumann’s opinion about the terrorist site?
9) What do analysts say about the credibility of the information provided by the posting on the terrorist site?

Text 7.

At home

Discuss the following.

a) What kind of partnership can be considered equal? Why do high technologies become more and more

important in an economy of any modern country? What countries export high technologies to Russia?

What countries are importers our high technologies?

b) Describe the cartoon above? What sort of latest technologies is the author laughing at?

In class

1. Listen to the Webcast Russia Calls For … and do the exercises.

2. All these word combinations contain the same word ….turnover, ... cooperation, Russian …, US-Soviet…, high-technology …, …. barriers. Guess the word and translate these word combinations.

C - Comprehension Test 7

1.Trade turnover between Russia and the US last year was A 25 bln dollars. B 25 mln dollars C nearly 25 bln dollars	2.US and Russia officials are going A to cease joint actions to expand trade cooperation B to act together to expand trade cooperation C to explain the reasons for trade cooperation
3. Trade between the two countries used to be A mutually beneficial B unbalanced C busy	4. Now US-Russian trade pattern A remains unchanged B has changed but raw materials still prevail in the Russian export C has completely changed
5. US technology investments in the Russian market A are funnelled to software development B target information technologies C directed to software development and IT	6. To make the cooperation equal Russia needs to adopt measures at A the ministerial level B local administrative level C government level
7. The US high tech market A hampers Russian switch to an innovative economy B only pretends to be important for Russia C is important to Russia’s switch to an innovative economy	8. Trade relations with the US in this field are A disorderly B tough C checked and balanced
9. US trade barriers A restrict Russian customers to advance technologies B restrict Russians to US advanced technologies C restrict Russians to advance Russian high tech in the USA	10.Russia has yet to A expand HT exports overseas B cut down on HT exports overseas C import HT overseas

B - Comprehension Test 7

Part 1

_______________________between Russia and the United States last year _________________about 25 billion dollars. US and Russia trade officials have been __________________for joint actions to expand trade cooperation, which both sides believe has enough _______________________________________and diversification.

Russian trade and economy officials have long complained that trade between the two countries is _________________where Russian exports of raw materials prevail, while US exports of high technology to Russia remains affected by heavy __________________________and control, like in the old Soviet times. In those years each item of US exports to Soviet Russia was heavily _________________and US-Soviet trade remained largely _____________________business. These days, however, the pattern of US-Russian trade has changed considerably, although Russian raw materials still dominate in the overall exports from Russia to the United States. But now US companies are looking to expand technology investments in the Russian market, targeting primarily software development and information technologies.

Part 2

Russia’s first vice-premier Sergei Ivanov last month called for taking what he called political and economic steps to improve Russian-US partnership in high-technology trade. Sergei Ivanov told a government _______________________________that this country needs _______________________________at the government level to make Russian-American cooperation in high technology equal and ________________________in character.__________________, the Russian government official implied, such cooperation is ____________equal _________________mutually beneficial.

Sergei Ivanov ____________________________that the US high tech market is particularly important to Russia, not ______________from the point of_______________________, but more importantly from the point of helping Russia _____________an innovative economy, an issue that is being widely discussed in Russia and which spells _____________________________________

__________________________and technologies and their _____________________________

with the latest business trends

Part 3

The Russian government official noted that the ______________export of Russian high-technology _________________ to the United States alone amounts to a little more than 1.3 billion dollars. But business _______________with the US side in this field are___________________. In a number of specific areas, he said, they are seriously ___________________by various factors, occasionally of purely political nature. “Administrative trade barriers ________________in the United States that restrict Russian customers ___________________and some Russian enterprises are________________ by __________________and ____________________by the US government that are hard to explain from the point of international law, ” Sergei Ivanov said.

These days Russian engineers ______________________________________their skills in the development of Boeing’s Dreamliner aircraft and Russia is exporting rocket engines for use in the United States. But Russia has yet to ______________________in high-technology exports overseas. The United States, ____________, has yet ______whatever ______________________it has on exports of its own high-tech products to Russia.

A - Comprehension Test 3

1) What plans are being mapped out by US and Russia trade officials?

2) What features of US-Russia trade have long disappointed Russia’s trade and economy officials?

3) What in particular has changed in the pattern of the US-Russian trade? What remains unchanged?

4) What did Russia’s vice-premier Sergei Ivanov tell the government commission on export control?

5) Why, according to him, is the US high-tech market particularly important to Russia?

6) What does the switch to an innovative economy entail?

7) What kind of business ties have existed between the two countries so far?

8) What are the main factors that hamper development of mutually beneficial trade in the sphere of high technologies?

9) What is Russia supposed to do to improve the situation?

10) What measures should be taken by the USA in the field?

Text 8.

At Home

1. Find in the WWW information about the following:

a) On what grounds was Barack Obama awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? What religion is the most common in Egypt? How and when did it establish in the country? What initiatives have been put forward to lessen the tension between the West and Islamic world?

b) What is the implicit message of the political cartoon above?

In class

1. Listen to the Webcast Obama’s Landmark Speech and do the exercises.

C - Comprehension Test (1 variant)

Listen and choose the write answer. Put the letter of your choice into the box below.

1. President Obama made his speech A in Israel B in Palestine C in Egypt	2.Mr. Obama realizes that this speech A will eradicate mistrust between the West and the Islamic world B may not put an end to years of mistrust C will make the Islamic world trust the USA
3. The reporter says that Obama A spoke in a very pleasant voice B chose the right tone for the statement C sang US hymn with the band in the airport	4. People expected Barack Obama to A promote these relationship B outline the strategy for Israel and Palestine C redefine the relationship between Islam and the West
5. US President want Muslims to understand that A US-Islam relations are exclusive B The USA and Islam have no need to compete C mutual interest and mutual respect are not exclusive	6. Barack Obama condemned A unfair treatment of Arab nations in the past B colonialism C Arab nations for being proxies in the Cold War
7. US President says he ordered to close the prison at Guantanamo Bay A but to close it next year is too early B by early June C as a step to eradicate tortures in the USA	8. Barack Obama asked Israel A to stop building Jewish neighbourhoods B not to build Jewish settlements on land claimed by Palestine C to build settlements for the Palestinians
9. Addressing Palestinians he insisted that they should A abandon the idea of their own state B stop violence C succeed through resistance	10. Some people are not enthusiastic about this speech, because A they want words to become deeds B they don’t believe President Obama C they don’t think anything would change after it

C-Comprehension Test (2 variant)

Listen and choose the write answer. Put the letter of your choice into the box below.

1. President Obama A admitted mistakes of the West B said the Middle East is a challenge for the West C promised to confront his own shortcomings	2. He said that university of Al-Azhar is A unfortunately only for Muslims B one of European most remarkable universities C the leading educational establishment in the Islamic world
3. US President expressed his pride of being a messenger of A the goodwill of the Muslim communities and a greeting of peace from American people B the goodwill of the American and a greeting of peace from US Muslims C of the goodwill of the Western community	4. President Obama believes it to be his duty A to fight against negative stereotypes of the USA B to struggle against wrong perception of Islam C to struggle against prejudices in Islamic world
5. The speaker also acknowledged some recent mistakes in US foreign policy regarding A the Middle East B Iran and Cuba C Iraq and Cuba	6. US President persuaded Muslims A to change their stereotypes regarding the United Nations B to change their attitude to US Jews C to admit massacre of Jews in WWII
7. Mr. Obama holds the opinion that construction of Jewish settlement on the lands claimed by Palestinians A is quite fair and should be continued B is an effort to bring peace to the region C is a breach of preceding agreements which prevents establishing peace	8. The word ‘Palestine’ is avoided in diplomatic discourse because A there is no such a sovereign state B its mentioning irritates Israel C due to some previous agreements
9. There were promises A to fund schools and roads in Afghanistan B to fund schools and roads in Pakistan C to develop the economies of Iraq and Pakistan	10. When US president delivered his speech A streets of Cairo were overcrowded with enthusiastic people B most of people watched football in cafes C there was almost nobody in the streets as they were listening to the speech in cafes

Text 9.

At home

Find information about the latest international missions into outer space in the WWW.

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