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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Unit 4. The structure of the American Police
Grammar. Continuous tense Text 1. Fromthe history of American Police Text 2. U.S. policeforce and other law enforcement agencies in the USA: structure and organization Text 3. United States: State Police Text 4. The F.B.I. Exercise 1. Read and translate the text. Be ready to answer the questions. Text 1. From the history of American Police Vocabulary
America inherited much of its governmental institutions from Great Britain. American law enforcement is not exception. The first Europeans who landed on the shores of America had all they could do to establish themselves and to protect themselves from those who did not wish to share their land. Thus, policing was the responsibility of all able-bodied men, and, of course, young boys as well. After «things» got fairly well settled the job of maintaining order in the new colonies was given to Justices of the Peace. But, as colonies changed into towns and towns into cities, the Justice of the Peace system was not enough. It became time for an organized, and paid, police force. In 1636 the city of Boston established Night Watch, which idea worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian one. New York City established the Shout and Rattle Watch in 1651, but, by 1705 Philadelphia found it necessary to divide the city into ten patrol areas. In the almost 100 years between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, the more than rapid growth of population and industrialization in America mandated the development of municipal police departments. In 1833, Philadelphia organized an independent, 24 hour a day, police force. In 1844, New York City had two police forces; daytime duty and the night watch. Part of the inherited law enforcement was the Sheriff system. As America moved toward the west, in most frontier towns the Sheriff was the chief law enforcement official. The Sheriff system still exists today, but on a more formal and politicized basis. Nowadays law enforcement agencies and departments are highly specialized organizations, with ongoing training to prepare to meet a great variety of problems and situations. Exercise 2. Study the following words and word combinations before reading. Inherit, newcomers, maintaining order, to share smth, Justices of the Peace, culprit, pay the debt to society, Night Watch, rapid growth, mandate, 24 hours day police force, accountable to, chief law enforcement official, daytime duty and the night watch, recruit.
Exercise 3. Read the sentences from the text. Decide whether each sentence is true, false or not stated in the given text. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. America inherited much of its governmental institutions from Great Britain except law enforcement. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. The job of maintaining order in the new colonies never was given to Justices of the Peace. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. In 1636 the city of Boston established Night Watch and New York City established the Shout and Rattle Watch in 1651. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. The first independent, 24 hour a day, police force was organized in Philadelphia, 1833. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. The Sheriff system still exists today. This sentence is - true; - false; - not stated. Nowadays law enforcement agencies and departments are highly specialized organizations. Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps. 1. After «things» got fairly well settled the job of ___ in the new colonies was given to ___ of the Peace. 2. In 1636 the city of Boston established ___, which idea worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian one. 3. As America moved toward the west, in most frontier towns the Sheriff was the chief ___ official. 4. Nowadays law enforcement ___ and ___ are highly specialized organizations, with ongoing training to prepare to meet a great variety of problems and situations.
Exercise 5. Make up the list of the most important dates in the history of the American Police.
Exercise 6. Answer the questions: 1. What did America inherit from Great Britain? 2. Policing was the responsibility of all able-bodied men when the first Europeans landed on the shores of America, wasn't it? 3. Who was given the job of maintaining order in the new colonies to? 4. What kinds of police were established in Boston and New York? 5. Where did the first independent, 24 hour a day, police force appear? 6. What can you say about the Sheriff system? 7. What are modern law enforcement agencies and departments nowadays?
Exercise 7. Read and translate the word combinations. Come under the jurisdiction, highway patrol, the scope of the authority, to wield power, to encompass all areas of police work, to deal with..., to be restricted by....
Exercise 8. Read the text and do several exercises after reading. Text 2. U.S. Police force and other law enforcement agencies in the USA: structure and organization Vocabulary
Law enforcement agencies in the United States come under the jurisdiction of many different authorities at federal, state, county and municipal levels of government. There is no national police force, although there are several federal law enforcement agencies. The best known of these is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It is charged with gathering and reporting facts and compiling evidence in cases involving federal jurisdiction. Also part of the Department of Justice is the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) which is the lead federal agency in enforcing narcotics laws and regulations. Most states maintain police departments but state police force activities are usually concentrated on highway patrol and other traffic work With the increased emphasis on fighting and preventing terrorism, more and more responsibility has fallen on the local police forces. All police are armed and popular weapons include shotguns. Police officers also carry truncheons, and some forces are issued with an electronic gun administering a charge of 50, 000 volts for around eight seconds (originally a cattle prod), used to knock out aggressive drug addicts. In many areas, police wear bullet-proof vests, although even these are no defense against the Teflon-coated bullets (known as cop-killers) used by some criminals.
Exercise 9. Using the information from the text, complete the sentences. Translate them. 1. There is no national police force, although there are several federal _____. 2. The FBI is charged with gathering and reporting facts and compiling evidence in cases involving _____. 3. With the increased emphasis on fighting and preventing terrorism, more and more responsibility has fallen on _____.
Exercise 10. Answer the questions. 1. Is there a national police force in the USA? 2. What levels do the USA law enforcement agencies come under the jurisdiction at? 3. What is the FBI charged with? 4. What activities are the most state police departments concentrated on? 5. Why more and more responsibility has fallen on the local police forces?
Exercise 11. Summarize the text in 8-10 sentences. Use the word patterns of the text.
Exercise 12. Read, translate and discuss the text. Text 3. United States: State Police Vocabulary
In the United States, state police are a police body unique to each US state having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. In general, they perform functions such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific support services, and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases in those states that grant full police powers statewide. The State Police may be the name of the independent agency or it may fall under a Department of Public Safety. In other states, the state police are known by different names. However, most have the same jurisdiction. They may exist as part or separate from the state police: - State Highway Patrol; - Highway Patrol; - State Patrol; - Highway Police.
Exercise 13. Make up the sentences finishing the beginning from the column A with the ending from the column B. Translate them.
Exercise 14. Agree or disagree with the statements. 1. In the United States, state police are an independent body unique to each US state that has not statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. 2. State police perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff. 3. The state police are known by the same name in different states.
Exercise 15. Make the written translation of the text. Text 4. The F.B.I. Vocabulary
The most famous Federal Government Agency in the United States is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the F.B.I.) with the headquarters in Washington, D.C. In 1908, when the F.B.I. was created it was a small group of special investigators. They investigated few federal criminal violations, such as bankruptcy, fraud, and antitrust crime. During the Gangster Era that began after passage of Prohibition in 1920, the F.B.I. size and responsibilities grew, and the U.S. Congress gave the F.B.I. Special Agents the authority to make arrests and carry firearms. At present, the F.B.I. handles over 180 different investigations from federal criminal violations to internal security matters. The F.B.I. consists of 11 different divisions. One of these divisions is the Identification Division, which was created in 1924 by Director Hoover. One of its aims was to provide a national collection of fingerprints. The collection is now the largest in the world. All F.B.I. Agents are trained at courses in Washington, D.C. and at the F.B.I. Academy in Virginia. There the experienced instructors train them in modern crime detection methods. The FBI is headed by a Director who is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The current Director, Robert S. Mueller. The FBI counts among its ranks approximately 30, 000 employees, including approximately 12, 000 Special Agents and 18, 000 Professional Staff employees. FBI Headquarters is located in the J. Edgar Hoover Building on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. FBI headquarters is organized into five main branches: National Security, Criminal Investigations, Law Enforcement Services, Office of the Chief Information Officer, and Administration. To apply to become an FBI agent, you must have a four-year degree, hold American citizenship and be between the ages of 23 and 39. You must also have a clean record, without convictions for any serious crimes. To carry out their duties, FBI agents are entrusted with extremely broad powers. They are authorized to carry weapons and, under some circumstances, to shoot and to kill. They can place suspects under arrest.
Exercise 16. Look through the text and find the following information: - who is the head of the FBI; - where FBI Headquarters is located; - where FBI resident agencies are located and what they are responsible for; - what is the mission of the FBI's Legal Attaché. Exercise 17. Find in the text the following word combinations. Translate them. Назначаться Президентом, одобряться Сенатом, приблизительно, штаб-квартира ФБР, снятие отпечатков пальцев, судебные и технические службы, американское гражданство, широкие полномочия.
Exercise 18. Complete the sentences and translate them into Russian. 1. The Federal Government Agency in the United States is ____. 2. The F.B.I. ____ in 1908. 3. The U.S. Congress gave the F.B.I. Special Agents the authority ____. 4. The F.B.I. consists of ____. 5. All F.B.I. Agents are trained at ____.
Exercise 19. Which of the following is not true. 1. The F.B.I. was created after passage of Prohibition in 1920. 2. The headquarters of the F.B.I. is in Washington, D.C. 3. At present, the F.B.I. handlesover 180 different investigations. 4. The Identification Division was created in 1924 by the U.S. President. 5. All F.B.I. Agents are trained at courses in New York. Exercise 20. Remake the following sentences using the example. Example: the agency of federal government – the federal government agency 1) the group of special investigators; 2) Congress of the U.S.; 3) the Special Agents of the F.B.I.; 4) the Division of Identification; 5) the Academy of the F.B.I.; 6) the methods of modern crime detection; 7) the examination of polygraph; 8) the test of color vision. Exercise 21. Translate the sentences into English. Example: The group of special investigators investigat ed ___. Группа особых следователей расследова ла ___. 1. Группа особых следователей расследова ла несколько федеральных уголовных нарушений. 2. Конгресс США д ал агентам ФБР разрешение на ношение оружия. 3. Размеры и ответственность ФБР возрос ли после принятия «сухого закона». 4. Директор ФБР Гувер созд ал тренировочные школы для агентов. 5. Опытные инструкторы готовили новых агентов. Exercise 22. Answer the questions. 1) What is the F.B.I.? 2) When was it created? 3) What crimes did the F.B.I. investigate at that period? 4) When did the F.B.I. Agents get the authority to make arrests? 5) What investigations does the F.B.I. handle at present time? 6) How many divisions does the F.B.I. consist of? 7) Who created the Identification Division? 8) Where are the F.B.I. Agents trained? Exercise 23. Listen to the dialogue. Fill in the gaps. Learn the dialogue by heart. – Can you tell me how _____ “F.B.I.” decodes? – Sure. The _____ Bureau of _____. It’s the government agency. – What _____ does the F.B.I. investigate? – It _____ different investigations from federal criminal violations to _____ security matters. – By the _____. When was the Bureau _____? – Sorry, I don’t _____ exactly. At the beginning of the _____ century. – I’ve _____ about Director _____. Who is this? – Oh, he was _____ person and did a lot for the organization. – _____ you very much. – Don’t _____ it. Good luck.
Exercise 24. Make up a dialogue using all possible information from the text above.
Exercise 25. Find the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
Exercise 26. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Американская правоохранительная деятельность унаследовала многое из Британской системы. 2. В США нет единой национальной полиции, но зато там есть несколько федеральных правоохранительных агентств. 3. На уровне местного самоуправления городская полиция выполняет практически все функции, начиная от контроля над дорожным движением и заканчивая судебной экспертизой. 4. В США полиция штата – это полицейский орган, уникальный для каждого штата и обладающий полномочиями контролировать правоохранительную деятельность и вести уголовные расследования. 5. Федеральное Бюро Расследований – самое влиятельное агентство в США и, возможно, во всем мире. 6. Основная миссия ФБР – защищать страну от иностранной разведки и террористической деятельности. Exercise 27. You have studied the structures of the Police of three countries: Russia, the UK and the USA. Using the known information fill in the table.
Exercise 28. Test. |
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