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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Here are some tips on writing an informal letterСтр 1 из 5Следующая ⇒
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Часть 1 ЛИЧНАЯ И ДЕЛОВАЯ ПЕРЕПИСКА Написание открытки Season greeting postcard Task 1. Read the season greeting postcard you’ve received from a friend.
Task 2. Write a post card to your friend Peter in Great Britain and wish him happy holidays for either Christmas or Easter. You may find the following expressions useful: — Best wishes of the season! — Happy New Year! — Good luck and good health in the new year. — I congratulate you (on…) — My congratulations. — I’m very glad to congratulate you on… — Happy to congratulate you. — Let me wish you… A birthday greeting card Task 3. Find out the birthdays of your group mates. Write greeting postcards to three of them. You may find the following expressions useful: — Happy birthday! / Many happy returns of the day. — My sincere congratulations on… — I congratulate you with all my heart and soul. — Let me congratulate you on… — My sincere congratulations on… — May I / we congratulate you? — Many happy years of ling life and health. — My best wishes. — All the best. — (I wish you) good luck. — I wish you (every) success… — Have good rest. — I wish you a quick recovery. Оформление конверта The Envelope
Instructions how to write a mailing address on an envelope: · Write the return address or addresser’s address (also called the “from” address) in capital letters on the upper-left corner of the envelope. The first line should be the name of the sender; the second line should be the building number and street name, while the third line should be the city, state and zip code or postal code. · Write the addressee’s address or delivery address (also known as the “to” address) in capital letters in the lower center of the envelope. The first line should be formally written as Mr and Mrs Jonathon Doe. Write the addressee’s street address including the building number and the full street name on the second line. Abbreviations can be used for words similar to street (St) or road (Rd). Then write the city name, state and the zip code or postal code on the next line and the name of the country on the last line. · Print the mailing address legibly using permanent ink (not pencil) in letters large enough to be seen from an arm’s length away. · Before you mail the envelope you can also mark if it is Air Mail, Express Delivery or Registered Mail and etc. · You should also attach proper postage to the upper right-hand corner of the envelope. If you are unsure of the appropriate amount of postage, take the stuffed and completed envelope to your local post office. For example: Mr John Brown [addressee] 50 Featherstone Street [street address] London [city] EC1Y 8SY [postal code] United Kingdom [country name]
Ms Ann Laasko [addresser] Vesakkotic 1399 [street address] FI — 00630 Helsinki [country code + postal code +city name] Finland [country name]
Flexible Automation GmbH [company name] Gruner Weg 6 [street address] 61169 Friedberg [postal code + city] Germany [country]
Some phrases to use: Addressee — адресат, получатель. Addresser — адресант, отправитель. ZIP Code (Zone Improvement Program) — почтовый индекс = postal code. Mailing address — почтовый адрес. Return address — обратный адрес. Air Mail — авиапочтой. Urgent — срочное. Express — экспресс. Registered — заказное. Private — личное. Confidential — конфиденциально. To be called for / Poste Restante — до востребования. Please forward — направить далее. By hand — нарочным (доставка курьером).
Task 1. Fill the envelope in correct way using the information below: 1. Great Britain; 100, South Street AB3DE4, Liverpool; Miss K. White. 2. Nicosia; 10, Makarious Ave.; Mr Demetriades; Demetriades Law Office; Cyprus.
Task 2. Match numbers with corresponding letters:
I.
II.
Keys. I: A4; B5; C6; D1; E3; F2. II: A5; B2; C6; D1; E3; F4.
Личное письмо Деловая переписка Formal letters A guide to formal letter writing
1. Write your own address in the top right-hand corner. Include your post code. Never write your name at the top of the letter. Leave one blink line. 2. The date can go on either the left or the right. Mind the order: date / month / year (Br. E.) or month / date / year (Am. E.). It is better not to put the months as a number, as this can be confusing: e. g. Br. E. 12.2.12, Am. E. 2.12.12. 3. Write the name and position of the person you are writing to and his / her address. Include the postcode. Leave one blink line. 4. Salutation. Start with Dear… E. g. Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir / Madam if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to. Use the person’s title (Mr, Ms, etc.) and their surname if you do. Leave one blink line. 5. Introduction, e. g. reference to the advertisement, explanation why you are writing: I am writing to reply to your advertisement… With reference to your advertisement in… for… I am writing to express my… Leave one blink line. 6. Explain why you are writing, what the problem is. Leave one blink line. 7. Give further details. But you should not spend too much time on such details. Use formal linking words and phrases. Avoid contractions. Leave one blink line. 8. Make some reference to hearing from the addressee, say how (and when) you can be contacted. Leave one blink line. 9. The close. In British English end your letter Your sincerely if you have begun with a person’s title and family name. If you have begun Dear Sir or Madam, then end your letter Yours faithfully. In American English end your letter Sincerely, Sincerely yours or Yours truly. Leave one blink line. 10. The signature. Sign in your usual ‘formal way’ as on your identity card. 11. Print your name in full afterwards as people’s signatures are often illegible. 12. Encl. or enc. shows you have enclosed something. Жалоба Study the example. A letter of complaint.
Mind that most letters of complaint use formal language and are organized in a standard way: — paragraph 1 — explain why you are writing; — paragraph 2 — explain what the problem is and describe any actions you have already taken; — paragraph 3 — say what inconvenience it has caused you; — paragraph 4 — state what you want done about the problem. Other useful phrases for a letter of complaint: · I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at… · I was surprised / shocked / horrified to find… · I returned / explained / requested… · What made matters worse was that… · Furthermore / in addition / what’s more… · As if this was / were not enough… · On top of all this… · As a consequence… · This caused me to… · I am sure you will appreciate that this level of service is unacceptable. · I expect to be compensated for the inconvenience I have been caused. · I expect better service from a company of your reputation. · Please replace the goods as soon as possible. · I would like a full refund. · I would like to know what action you will take to rectify the situation. · In future I shall take my custom elsewhere. · I look forward to a prompt reply / a full explanation. · I await your response / comments.
Запрос информации Asking for information — American style
Mind to whom it may concern is used especially in American English if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to. Other useful phrases for asking for information: · It would also be helpful to know what / when / etc… · I would be interested to know… · Please let me know… · Would you send me details of… · I would be grateful if you could let me have… Task. Rewrite in a correct order.
James Sawyer, Sales Manager, Electro Ltd, Perry Road Estate, Oxbridge UN54 42KF.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely, Simon Tramp Sales Manager
Thank you for your letter. I am afraid that we have a problem with your order. Unfortunately, the manufacturers of the part you wish to order have advised us that they cannot supply it until November. Would you prefer us to supply a substitute, or would you rather wait until the original parts are again available?
6 Pine Estate, Bedford Road, Bristol, UB28 12BP Telephone 9036 174369 Fax 9036 36924 6 August 2005 Dear Mr Sawyer,
Ответ на письмо-запрос
Mr Nikolay Roshin ABC-company Office 2002, Entrance 1B Tverskaya Street Moscow RUSSIA 20 June 2010
Dear Nikolay,
I'm writing to you in regard of your enquiry. Please find enclosed our information pack which contains our brochures and general details on our schools and summer centers.
In England we have two schools, Brighton and Bath, both beautiful locations which I am sure you and your students will like. Our schools are located in attractive premises in convenient, central positions. Brighton is a clean and safe town with a beautiful bay and countryside nearby. Bath is one of the most famous historic cities in England, famous for its Georgian architecture and Roman Baths.
Accommodation is provided in host families chosen for the ability to provide comfortable homes, a friendly welcome and a suitable environment, in which students can practice English and enjoy their stay. We have full-time Activities Organizers responsible for sports, cultural activities and weekly excursions. Please complete and return the enclosed registration form in order to receive more brochures and other promotional materials.
I look forward to hearing from you and later hope to welcome your students to our schools and summer centers.
Yours sincerely,
Tomas Green
Tomas Green Managing Director
Письмо-приглашение
15 October 2008
Mr James Hilton General Manager JMK Co Ltd 34 Wood Lane London Great Britain WC2 5TР
Dear James
2009 BUSINESS CONFERENCE, 10 / 11 DECEMBER 2009
I have pleasure in inviting you to attend our special conference to be held at Sheraton Hotel, London on Thursday / Friday 10 / 11 December 2009.
This intensive, practical conference for businessmen aims to: · increase your business productivity, · enable networking with business partners.
The seminar is power-packed with a distinguished panel of professional speakers who will give expert advice on many useful topics.
If you would like to join us please complete the enclosed registration form and return it to me before 30 August with your fee of ₤ 50 per person.
I look forward to seeing you again at this exciting conference.
Yours sincerely John Smith
John Smith Conference Secretary
Электронная почта, факс И служебная записка
Fax
Memo
Tasks . 1. Put the words (A) From; (B) Subject; (C) Sales Manager; (D) C. M.into the correct place.
2. Put the words (A) From; (B) E. W.; (C) To; (D) Subject into the correct place.
Keys. 1: 1A; 2B; 3C; 4D 2: 1C; 2A; 3D; 4B. SMS Text messages, chat room messages and sometimes emails can be written using the smallest number of letters possible. Pronouns, prepositions and articles may be omitted and abbreviations are widely used. Basic rules: 1. Make words as short as you can, e. g. wd = would. 2. Use a letter instead of a whole word where possible, e. g. u = you. 3. Use numbers instead of letters where possible: gr8 = great, w8 = wait, 2 = to, too, 4 = four, for… 4. Use symbols — they look so beautiful in the middle of a word! The percentage sign can be used for “oo” sound — sk%l = school, and c%l = cool. A dollar sign ($) can be used instead of double s. 5. Use abbreviations for longer phrases: LOL = Laughing Out Loud, ROFLMYHO = Rolling on the floor laughing my head off. 6. If in doubt, write as you please, ignoring all the rules of grammar and spelling. 7. You can show how you are feeling by using symbols to represent a face. These are called emoticons.
Some examples of how words might be shown in a message 2DAY — today. 2MORO — tomorrow. 2NITE — tonight. @ — at. AFAIK — as far as I know. AND — any day now. ASAP — as soon as possible. ATB — all the best. ATM — at the moment. B — be. B/C — because. B4 — before. B4N — bye for now. BBL — be back later. BTW — by the way. C — see / sea. CID — consider it done. CUL8R — see you later. Esp — especially. F2F — face to face. FWIW — for what it’s worth. FYI — for your information. GR8 — great. H2 — how to. HAND — have a nice day. ILBL8 — I’ll be late. ILU — I love you. IMHO — in my humble opinion. KIT — keep in touch. LMN — let me know. LOL — lots of love / luck / laughing out loud. M8 — mate. M8O — matey. MSG — message. MYOB — mind your own business. Ne1 — anyone. NO1 — no one. NMP — not my problem. Ntl — nevertheless. NVM — never mind. OIC — oh, I see. PCM — please call me. PLS — please. Pobl — possible. Ppl — people. R — are. RUF2T — are you free to talk? SOM1 — someone. SPK — speak. Tho — though. Thnq — thank you. Thru — through. THX / TNX — thanks. U — you. Un4gtebl — unforgettable. UOK — you OK? UR — your / you’re. Usu — usually. W/ — with. WAN2 — want to. W8ing — waiting. WKND — weekend. W/O — without. X — kiss. XLNT — excellent. XOXO — hugs and kisses. YR — your / you’re; yeah, right. Task.
· Expressing opinion. AFAIK — as far as I know. AFAIUI — as far as I understand it. ILBT — I will be able to. IMO — in my opinion. IMS — I must say. TBO — to be honest.
· E-motions. BK — big kiss. FDROTFL — falling down rolling on the floor laughing. Gr8 — great. JK — just kidding. TGIF — thanks God it’s Friday. < G> — grinning. < J> — joking. < L> — laughing. < O> — shouting. < S> — smiling. < Y> — yawning.
· Virtual kisses. ILOVU— I love you. ILU / ILY — I love you. MAY — mad about you. X — kiss. XOXOX — hugs and kisses. · Any questions? F2T — free to talk? HUH — have you heard? RUOK — are you OK? Wot — what? Wadya — what do you…
· Answering back. CB — call back. IC — I see. IK — I know. PCM — please call me. Sry — sorry. SWDYT — so what do you think?
· Not impressed with what you’re hearing? Tell the sender where to go. LMA — leave me alone. MYOB — mind your own business. OTL — out to lunch. PMFBR — pardon me for being rude. SWYP — so what’s your problem?
· The last word. ATB — all the best. B4N — bye for now. HAND — have a nice day. Rgds — regards. TIA — thanks in advance. Ti2GO — time to go.
Часть 2 УСТРОЙСТВО НА РАБОТУ Writing a CV or a resume · Always type it on unlined white paper, preferably a single sheet. · Write your name, address and telephone number. · Put your health record, date and marital status. On an American resume you may choose whether or not to include your birth date, marital status, children, etc. · The next is profile, but some people omit this section. · Note down your education. Begin with your most recent qualification and work backwards. · Next, detail your work history. Begin with your most resent employment and work backwards. Give dates, employers and describe your duties. · List hobbies and interests and put extra information in a separate section. · End by saying that two references are available on request — not naming them leaves you free to choose the best ones for particular jobs. In American variant one or more references may be included on the CV / resume or they may be included in the letter of application instead. · Remember, the longer an application, the less chance it has of being read. · Never send a photo-copied letter — it looks as though you don’t care. · Always be positive and never apologise for being You.
Some useful phrases for a CV or resume: — Native French speaker. — Near-native command of English. — Adequate spoken Dutch and German. — The qualifications described below do not have exact equivalents in the American system. — I enclose photocopies of my certificates with English translations.
Education 1998—2001 Cardiff University: BA in Graphic Design (2.1) 1990—1997 Clifton School, 3 A levels: Art (A); Design and Technology (A); Mathematics (B); 9 GCSEs Employment 2001 — present EMS Corporate Imaging, Design Dept, Riverside House, 19 Charles St, Bristol
Skills Computer literate: familiar with a number of design and DTP packages. Clean driving licence
Interests Tennis, photography and travel
References available on request.
Resume — American style
JANNIFER ROBERTS
1320 Forest Drive email: jroberts@mailbox. com Polo Alto, CA94309 telephone: (650) 498—129
Objective To obtain a position as a Russian-English translator with a firm in the Bay Area Education 2000—2002 Master of Arts in Translation, Stanford University 1994—1998 Bachelor of Arts (cum lauder) Major: Russian; Minor: German, Georgetown University Experience 2002 — present Freelance technical translator, Russian-English, mostly for hi-tech industries in California 2000—2002 Teaching assistant (Russian), Stanford University 1998—2000 English teacher, Cambridge Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
Languages Fluent German, Russian, conversational Spanish
Personal Interests include sailing, playing the accordion, cooking
Reference Dr M. Rosen, Chair, Dept of Modern Languages, Stanford University, Polo Alto, CA94305
Часть 3 ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ БЛАНКОВ Most people hate filling in forms! What occasions can you think of when you have to fill in a form? What sort of information do you have to prove? Forms do not usually ask questions, but they ask for information. Task 1. Match a line in A with a question in B.
A B 1. First name a) Where do you live? 2. Surname b) What do you do? 3. Date of birth c) Where are you living at the moment? 4. Country of origin d) Are you married or single? 5. Present address e) What’s your first name? 6. Permanent address f) How much do you earn a year? 7. Marital status g) When were you born? 8. Occupation h) What’s your surname? 9. Annual income i) Where were you born?
Forms ask you to do certain things. Task 2. Do the following: Write your name in block capitals._____________________________ Sign your name. ___________________________________________ Delete where not applicable. I’m a student / an employee / an employer. Put a cross if you are male. Put a tick if you are female. Анкета для въезжающих On your arrival to foreign countries you are asked to fill in either a landing card or an entry card. You have arrived in Dreamland and received an entry card. Task. Look it through, find the part to fill in and complete it.
Entry card Please complete clearly in BLOCK CAPITALS. Family name_______________________________________________ Forenames________________________________________________ Date of birth_______________________________(day / month / year) Nationality________________________________________________ Place of birth______________________________________________ Sex: 1 — Male 2 — Female Occupation________________________________________________ Passport No._______________________________________________ Date of issue ______________________________________________ Purpose of entry: 1. Employment 2. Residence 3. Visit 4. Transit 5. Special Permit 6. Tourism 7. Study Address in Dreamland _______________________________________ Signature_________________________________________________ For official use only: Date of entry No. of Visa Date of Issue File No. Flight No. Signature Passport Officer
Таможенная декларация Task. Fill in the form.
Customs declaration
Бронирование номера Task. Fill in the form.
APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of application: ______________ Name: ____________________________________________________________ Last First Middle Address: __________________________________________________________ Street (Apt) City / State ZIP Alternate Address: _________________________________________________________ Street City / State ZIP Contact Information: ______(_____)_______________(____)_____________________ Home Telephone Mobile Telephone Email
POSITION SOUGHT: _________________________ Available Start Date: ______________ Desired Pay Range: _ Hourly or Salary _______________ Are you currently employed? _________________
EDUCATION: Name and Location; Degree; Major Subjects of Study High School College or University Specialized Training, Trade School, etc… Other Education Please list your areas of highest proficiency, special skills or other items that may contribute to your abilities in performing the above mentioned position.
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE Please list beginning from most recent Dates Employed____________________________________________ Company Name ____________________________________________ Location __________________________________________________ Role / Title ________________________________________________ Job notes, tasks performed and reason for leaving _________________
Sample 2.
PLEASE PRINT ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED EXCEPT SIGNATURE APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT APPLICANTS MAY BE TESTED FOR ILLEGAL DRUGS PLEASE COMPLETE PAGES 1—4. DATE ________________________________ Name _________________________________________________________ Last First Middle Maiden Present address ______________________________________________
Number Street City State ZIP__________________________________ Social Security No. _______ — _____ — _________ Telephone (____)_______________ If under 18, please list age _____________________ Position applied for (1) ________________________ and salary desired (2) ________________________ (Be specific) Days / hours available to work No Pref. _______ Thur.________ Mon. __________ Fri._________ Tue.__________ Sat._______ Wed._________ Sun.________ How many hours can you work weekly? _______________________ Can you work nights? _______________________ Employment desired __ FULL-TIME ONLY __ PART-TIME ONLY __ FULL- OR PART-TIME When available for work? __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
TYPE OF SCHOOL; NAME OF SCHOOL; LOCATION (Complete mailing address); NUMBER OF YEARS COMPLETED; MAJOR & DEGREE High School College Business or Trade School Professional School
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN CONVICTED OF A CRIME? __ No __ Yes If yes, explain number of conviction(s), nature of offense(s) leading to conviction(s), how recently such offense(s) was / were committed, sentence(s) imposed, and type(s) of rehabilitation.__________________ ____________________________________________________________
PLEASE PRINT ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED EXCEPT SIGNATURE Sample 3.
APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT DO YOU HAVE A DRIVER’S LICENSE? __ Yes __ No What is your means of transportation to work? __________________________________ Driver’s license number ____________________________ State of issue _______ __ Operator __ Commercial (CDL) __ Chauffeur Expiration date ______________________ Have you had any accidents during the past three years? How many? ____ ____________________________________________________________
Have you had any moving violations during the past three years? How many? ______________________________________________________
OFFICE ONLY __ Yes __ Yes Word __ Yes Typing __ No _____ WPM 10-key __ No Processing __ No _____ WPM Personal __ Yes __ PC Computer __ No __ Mac Other ______________________________________________ Skills ______________________________________________ Please list two references other than relatives or previous employers. Name ____________________________________________________ Position __________________________________________________ Company _________________________________________________ Address __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Telephone (_____) Telephone (_____)
Task 2. An application form sometimes makes it difficult for an individual to adequately summarize a complete background. Use the space below to summarize any additional information necessary to describe your full qualifications for the specific position for which you are applying.
PLEASE PRINT ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED EXCEPT SIGNATURE
APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT MILITARY
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN THE ARMED FORCES? __ Yes __ No ARE YOU NOW A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL GUARD? __ Yes __ No Specialty _______________________ Date entered _______________ Discharge date ___________________________________ Work Experience Please list your work experience for the past five yearsbeginning with your most recent job held. If you were self-employed, give firm name. Attach additional sheets ifnecessary. Name of employer __________________________________________ Address __________________________________________________ Name of last supervisor ______________________________________ Employment dates pay or salary_______________________________ City, State, ZIP Code________________________________________ Phone number _____________________________________________ From_________________ To____________________ Start___________________ Final____________________ Your last job title______________ Reason for leaving (be specific)________________________________ List the jobs you held, duties performed, skills used or learned, advancements or promotions while you worked at this company. Name of employer __________________________________________ Address __________________________________________________ Name of last supervisor ______________________________________ Employment dates pay or salary _______________________________ City, State, ZIP Code________________________________________ Phone number _____________________________________________ From _______________ To ____________________ Start _____________________ Final _____________________ Your last job title __________________ Reason for leaving (be specific) _______________________________ List the jobs you held, duties performed, skills used or learned, advancements or promotions while you worked at this company.
PLEASE PRINT ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED EXCEPT SIGNATURE
APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT Work experience
Please list your work experience for the past five yearsbeginning with your most recent job held. If you were self-employed, give firm name. Attach additional sheets if necessary. Name of employer_________________ Address ______________________ Name of last supervisor __________________________ Employment dates pay or salary _______________________________ City, State, ZIP Code ________________________________________ Phone number _____________________________________________ From__________________________ To__________________________ Start________________________________ Final ______________________________________ Your last job title _______________________________________ Reason for leaving (be specific) _______________________________ List the jobs you held, duties performed, skills used or learned, advancements or promotions while you worked at this company. Name of employer __________________________________________ Address __________________________________________________ Name of last supervisor ______________________________________ Employment dates pay or salary _______________________________ City, State, ZIP Code ________________________________________ Phone number _________________________ From ________________________ To ________________________________ Start _________________________________ Final _________________________ Your last job title ______________________________________ Reason for leaving (be specific) _______________________________ List the jobs you held, duties performed, skills used or learned, advancements or promotions while you worked at this company. May we contact your present employer? __ Yes __ No Did you complete this application yourself? __ Yes __ No If not, who did? __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
Часть 4 Написание сочинения На английском языке Essay — a short piece of writing on a particular subject. Composition — an essay, especially one written by a school or college student.
Planning and writing an essay or composition
· Read the question or essay title carefully to make sure you understand exactly what is required. · Brainstorming: quickly note down some ideas on the topic as you think of them. Then write down some vocabulary that you know you will need to write about this subject. · Planning: if you are asked to discuss a topic or give your opinion it is important to organize your thoughts and present your arguments clearly in paragraphs, and to work out the structure of your essay before you start to write.
Essay plan
Paragraph 1. Introduce the topic. Paragraph 2. Give points of view and information, in support of the argument, with reasons. Paragraph 3. Give contrasting views. Paragraph 4. Conclude (give your own opinion or interpretation of the facts). Сочинение «За — против» Recommended Plan
1. Introduction (state the problem). 2. Arguments “for”. 3. Arguments “against”. 4. Conclusion based on the given arguments.
Examples of beginnings: 1. Did you ever dream of becoming a doctor when you were young? Although it can be a very rewarding career, being a doctor also has its drawbacks. 2. Imagine going to school all day long and then having to work as well. Many young people decide to attend school and have a part-time job at the same time. This can have both advantages and disadvantages. 3. Cooking is something that few of us have time to do in today’s fast-moving world. But does eating out really have as many advantages as people think it does? 4. Have you ever thought about the effect tourism can have on an area? It may seem, at first, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has negative effects. 5. The question of whether it is right to keep animals in captivity is one of that has been under discussion for some time now. After all, what right do we have to decide, if an animal should be free or not?
Examples of endings: 1. On balance, the life of a doctor can be both exiting and very demanding. Not everyone is suitable for it, especially as it is not a profession with room for mistakes. 2. It’s up to each individual to decide whether he or she would benefit from working and studying for the same time. However, isn’t it a pity that many simply have no choice due to poor financial situation? 3. All in all, while eating out does have its advantages, it is not something we should make a habit of. Perhaps, we should make time in our lives to eat properly. 4. In conclusion, an area can benefit from tourism in many ways. However, it can also do a great deal of harm, and local residents should be aware of this before deciding to encourage it. 5. To sum up, it is obvious that keeping animals in Zoos can deprive them of the right to live in their natural environment. It is, however, sometimes the only way to prevent species from extinction. Therefore, we should try to ensure that animals are only kept in captivity when necessary.
Полезные фразы и выражения Для выражения своего мнения: · In my opinion… · I (don’t) think / imagine / feel / believe (that)… · I (don’t) believe in… · Personally, I believe / think (that)… · If you ask me… · It seems to me (that)… · In my view… · As far as I’m concerned… · To my mind… · I feel very strongly that… · I am inclined to believe that… · I am absolutely convinced that… · I tend to think that… · I would suggest that… · I am totally opposed to… · I am totally in favour of… · I consider… · It’s my view / my opinion that… · I agree with the idea that… · I (can’t / don’t) agree that… · I disagree with the idea that… · The way I see it… · As I see it… · I doubt whether…
Для выражения мнения других людей: · It is popularly believed that… · People often agree / claim / think that… · It is often alleged that… but… · Contrary to popular belief…
Фразы, перечисляющие точки зрения и аспекты обсуждаемой проблемы в порядке их значимости: · In the first place… · First of all… · To start with… · To begin with… · Secondly… · Thirdly… · Finally… · Last, but not least…
Фразы, добавляющие новые аспекты обсуждаемой проблеме: · In addition to this / that… · Besides… · Also… · Apart from this / that… · Not to mention the fact that…
Фразы, выражающие причины, уточняющие высказывание: · …Because… · The reason why… is that… · What I like / dislike about… is … · This would mean… · By doing this… · As a result of this…
Фразы, подчеркивающие контраст, связывающие различающиеся идеи: · It is argued that… · People argue that… · There are people who oppose… · Contrary to what most people believe… · Opponents of this way say… · However… · On the other hand… · In spite of… · Despite… · Even though… · Although… · Nevertheless… · Otherwise… · Yet…
Фразы, приводящие пример, доказательство либо аргументацию: · For example… · For instance… · Such as… · Like… · Especially… · In particular…
Заключительные фразы: · In conclusion… · On the whole… · To sum up… · All in all… · All things considered… · To put it in a nutshell… · Taking everything into account… Составление отчета What is a report?
· A report is a document that presents information about an issue or investigation concisely and impersonally, in a clearly structured format. · Reports are usually written in an objective, formal style. This means you should avoid using more informal language, such as slang or colloquialism, or constructions. You should structure your language carefully, using complete sentences and paragraphs. However, sometimes a more personal and less formal style may be acceptable. · As a rule a report has four parts: title, introduction, main section (or summary) and conclusion. · The title contains such information as “to”, “from” and subject. · The introduction should tell the reader the purpose of the report and what the report should cover. · The main section is the largest section and contains most of your information. In it, you will present your research findings to the reader. You need to organize the information into smaller subsections, and give these sections a heading. Make sure the information flows logically from one section to the next. · As for conclusion, you must not introduce any new information here. You should pull together the main points of the report in a brief summary, and emphasize the most significant points. You should link your conclusion back to the purpose of the report and give your recommendations. Your recommendations must flow logically from your conclusions. Recommendations can be listed and numbered.
Task 1. Read the following report. Name the good points and the weak points of this report and discuss.
Report
To: visitors of our area. From: (candidate’s name). Subject: shopping facilities and nice shops.
Purpose of report: I’m writing to you in order to give you information about the shopping facilities in our town. I would also like to give you my recommendations about good shops.
Shops. It is true that in our town there are many shops. Referring to people who do not want many things, they could go to shops in the centre of our town. There we provide a) clothing, b) things that you want to use for your house, c) personal objects, d) souvenirs and it is true that all of them are in reasonable prices. There are also some bargains on casual clothes.
Department Stores. On the other hand people who want more than common things, can go to our central department store where there is provided a) sports equipment, b) expensive souvenirs, c) clothes of good quality, d) special gifts (presents) and everything you would like. However you must afford the cost. Conclusion. I believe that the stores which are for all tasters including expensive and cheap things are: our central department store (has everything) and the sports centre which has clothes and everything which has to do with sport. For souvenirs you can go to Mr Johnson’s store as it has cheap objects and nice postcards. Task 2. The local tourist office has asked you to write a report on interesting things for visitors to see and to do on a one day sightseeing tour of your area. In your report include suggestions about where visitor should go and what they should do in order to spend an interesting day in your area.
You may use the following phrases: · for introduction: “The purpose / aim of this report is to…”; “The report consists of the results of…”; “As requested…”; · for main section: “However...”; “Nevertheless…”; “On the other hand…”; “At the same time…”; “In contrast…”; “Despite the fact…”; “While…”; “It may seem…”; “Apparently…” etc.; · for conclusion: “In conclusion…”; “It is recommended that…”; “On the whole…”; “It is advisable that…”; “To sum up…” etc.
Учебное издание
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Практическое пособие для студентов I—II курсов
Составители
Сечкина Мунира Каратаевна, Трегубенко Виктория Валерьевна
Корректор Е. В. Дворнякова Оригинал-макет подготовлен О. М. Хрусталевой
Подписано в печать 10.04.2012 г. Бумага для множительных аппаратов. Формат 60´ 90 1/8. Гарнитура «Таймс». Ризограф. Усл. печ. л. 4, 1. Уч.-изд. л. 1, 5. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ 96.
Издательство Балтийского федерального университета им. И. Канта
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