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UNIT I. CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE IN THE UK



 

 

Exercise 1

Read the text. Translate it ( orally ) . Make use of the Notes and the Vocabulary .

 

 

When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be «How do you do?» and «How are you?» After the reply «How do you do? Very well , thank you and how are you?» they often speak about the weather.

If the day is fine, the sky is cloudless, the sun is shining brightly one of them will say, «It is a lovely day, isn΄t it?» or «It is warm today, isn΄t it?» The other person will reply, «Yes, it is. It is as warm today as it was yesterday!» or «It’s wonderful weather we are having. I hope it will keep fine». If the day is not fine and it looks like rain, one of them will say, «It is not warm today, is it? » The other person will reply, «No, it is not. I think we are going to have some more rain.»

What is the weather like in the UK? The climate in the UK is milder than that of other countries. The winters are warmer and there is not much snow in winter. The summers are cooler than those on the continent. It is never too cold or too hot there. The changes in temperature are not very great in the UK.

The weather forecasts that you see below show you what kind of weather they have in the UK in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In spring: Mild, dry and sunny. Rain, cloudy and warm. In summer: Dry, cloudy and cool. Rain and showers. In autumn: Dry, sunny periods. Fog early and late. In winter: Strong winds, heavy rain. Snow, cold.

The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. Some of them have become symbols in the UK. Probably you know that the poppy is the symbol of peace, the red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland and Edinburgh International Festival.

The UK was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch in the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors .

In the course of time people cleared much forest land and put under cultivation almost all the Lowlands outside the industrial areas. Today only about 6 per cent of the total area remains wooded. Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. There are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses in the cultivated areas.

The fauna or animal life of the UK is much like that of northwestern Europe. People hunted to extinction many larger mammals such as bear and wolf , now the law protects others .There are still about 50 land mammals in the UK. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along parts of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous There are several small lizards, two or three kinds of snakes, and several kinds of frogs and toads. Some 230 kinds of birds live in the UK, another 200 are regular visitors, and many are songbirds. The law protects large and rare birds.

 

Notes

What is the weather like? - Какая погода?

How do you do? – Здравствуйте. Требует такого же ответа «How do you do?»

How are you? – Как Вы поживаете? Требует ответа «I am fine, thank you. And you / And     

how are you?» 

poppy – мак ( считается символом мира в Великобритании )

red rose – алая роза ( эмблема династии Ланкастеров, эмблема Англии )

the Lowlands and the Highlands– равнинная и гористая части Великобритании

Edinburgh Festival – Эдинбургский фестиваль, ежегодный международный музыкальный и театральный фестиваль в г. Эдинбурге. Проводится с 1947 г., в августе – сентябре.

 

Vocabulary         

weather forecast, n - прогноз погоды

humid, a - влажный

mild, a - умеренный

thistle, n - чертополох

oak, n - дуб

beech, n - бук

moor, n -вересковая пустошь , заросли вереска                                                                                                                       

elm, n - вяз

ash, n - ясень

mammal, n - млекопитающее

hunted to extinction - уничтожили

otter, n - выдра

hedgehog , n- еж

lizard, n - ящерица

toad, n - жаба

originally, adv - первоначально

stretches of marshland -протяженные болота

fauna, n - животный мир, фауна

hare, n - заяц

seal, n - тюлень

Exercise 2

Record the 2 nd paragraph of the text beginning with the words «If the day is fine …» and ending with the words «to have some more rain ». The tape with the recording should be presented at the tutorial session.

 

Exercise 3

Answer the questions about the text ( in written form ).

1. Is the climate in the UK milder than that of other countries?

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2. Are the changes in temperature very great in the UK?

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3. Is there much snow in the UK in winter?

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4. Is the climate of Great Britain good for plants and flowers? 

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5. What is the national emblem of England?

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6. How many land mammals are still there in the UK?

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7. What part of the total aråa remains wooded in the UK today?

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Exercise 4

Ask 4 – 5 questions about the text ( in written form ).

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Exercise 5

Say, what the text is about . Comment on the content of the text (orally ). Your interpretation of the text should be presented in oral form at the tutorial session.

 

Exercise 6

From the text, select those facts and ideas concerning vegetation in the UK (in written form ).

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Exercise 7

Compress the text to 5-6 sentences ( in written form ).

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Exercise 8 .

Review the Grammar material «The Present Indefinite Tense Form». Use any Grammar source you like. The main patterns of the Present Indefinite Tense Form are those presented in the chart . Study the patterns. Make sure you know all of them.

The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland.   Чертополох является национальной эмблемой Шотландии.
Are oak , elm , ash and beech the commonest trees in England?   Являются ли дуб, вяз, ясень и бук самыми распространенными деревьями в Англии?
The changes in temperature are not very great in the UK.   В Соединенном Королевстве перепады температуры не очень велики.
The law usually protects large and rare birds. Закон обычно защищает больших и редких птиц.
Do the English often speak about the weather? Часто  англичане говорят о погоде?
Some 230 kinds of birds do not leave the UK every autumn.   Примерно 230 видов птиц не покидают Соединенное Королевство каждую осень.
Does Nick go to the swimming pool every Sunday? Ник каждое воскресенье ходит в бассейн?

 

Exercise 9

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Wherever necessary, change the word order.Write down the correct variant in the space opposite the original sentence.

 

Policemen usually (to deliver) letters.  
Doctors ( to look after ) people who are ill every day.  
Sailors often ( to go ) to sea.  
I ( not to go shopping ) twice a week.  
She ( to get up ) at 7 every Friday?  
My father (not to be) a teacher, he (to be ) a scientist.  
You ( to be ) an engineer?  
I ( not to be ) a typist, I ( to be ) a student.  
Water ( to boil ) at 100°C?  
Scotland (to have) much pine and birch?  

 

Exercise 10

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. Write down your translation in the space opposite the original sentence.

 

Мой брат не художник, он артист.  
Твоя сестра врач?  
Вы студент? – Нет, я инженер.  
Вечером я люблю смотреть телевизор.  
Мой брат не пьет кофе по утрам.  
Часто ваш ребенок спит после обеда?  
Когда вы обычно приходите в университет?  
 У вас есть какое–нибудь домашнее животное?  
Мы не ездим за город зимой.  
Лето они обычно проводят на море.  

 

Exercise 11

Review the Grammar material «The Past Indefinite Tense Form». Use any Grammar source you like .The main patterns of the Past Indefinite Tense Form are those presented in the chart. Study the patterns. Make sure you know all of them.

The UK was originally a land of vast forests .   Соединенное Королевство первоначально было территорией обширных лесов.
The thistle became the emblem of Edinburgh International Festival in 1947.   Чертополох стал эмблемой Эдинбургского международного фестиваля в 1947 году.
When did the thistle become the emblem of Edinburgh International Festival?   Когда чертополох стал эмблемой Эдинбургского международного фестиваля?
People didn’t watch TV a century ago.   Сто лет назад люди не смотрели телевизор.
Last year we went to England.   В прошлом году мы ездили в Англию.
The weather wasn’t very warm yesterday. Погода вчера была не очень теплой.

Exercise 12

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Wherever necessary, change the word order. Write down the correct variant in the space opposite the original sentence.

 He ( to be ) in Paris two years ago.    
When you ( to fall ) in love the first time?  
I ( to see ) this film last year.  
Ann (not to visit) her friend yesterday.  
When you ( to leave) school?  
Who (to break ) the window last night?  
I ( to be ) ill yesterday.  
You ( to like ) reading when you (to be ) a child?  
You (to be) in the park the day before yesterday?  
We (not to go) for a walk last weekend.  

Exercise 13

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. Write down your translation in the space opposite the original sentence.

Он провел прошлое лето в деревне.  
Ты был вчера в театре?  
Прошлую неделю я был очень занят.  
Минуту назад я этого не знал.  
Когда я был школьником, я любил играть в футбол.  
Вы были в Англии в 1995 г?  
Десять лет назад я не любил путешествовать.  
Ты видел Мэри, когда был в Лондоне?  
Мы встречались пять лет назад в Москве.  

Exercise 14

Review the Grammar material «The Future Indefinite Tense Form».Use any Grammar source you like. The main patterns of the Future Indefinite Tense Form are those presented in the chart. Study the patterns. Make sure you know all of them.

 

 

My sister will be fifteen next birthday. Моей сестре будет 15 в следующий день рождения.
Even in 3000 all people will not be healthy . Даже в 3000 году не все люди будут здоровы.
I hope the rain will stop soon .   Я надеюсь, дождь скоро прекратится.
Will Eric pass the next exam?   Сдаст Эрик следующий экзамен?

 

Exercise 15

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Wherever necessary, change the word order. Write down the correct variant in the space opposite the original sentence.

Tomorrow ( to be ) Monday.  
Even the sun ( to die ) some day.  
My brother ( to be ) twenty next year.  
You ( to call ) me tomorrow?  
He ( to be ) in St.Petersburg tomorrow?  
The car of the future ( to be ) comfortable.  
I think he ( not to pass ) his exam tomorrow.  
Extensive forests ( to remain ) in the UK in 3000?  
People ( not to clear ) much forest land in the future.  
I hope the weather ( to keep ) fine next weekend.  

Exercise 16

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. Write down your translation in the space opposite the original sentence.

Ты пойдешь в кино в субботу?  
Люди будущего будут жить дольше.  
Я верну тебе книгу через два дня.  
Дождь завтра не прекратится.  
Мы надеемся, что вернемся на следующей неделе.  
Даже в 3000 году роботы не заменят школьных учителей.  
Я не думаю что мы переведем эту статью через три дня.  
Ты позвонишь мне завтра?  
Майкл не провалит экзамен по истории в будущем году.  
Вы будете завтра вечером дома?  

Exercise 17

Review the Grammar material «There is, there are, there was, there were, there will be». Use any Grammar source you like.              

The main patterns of this grammar material are those presented in the chart. Study the patterns. Make sure you know all of them.

 

Therе are two cinemas in my town. В моем городе два кинотеатра.
Is there a river near your house? Возле твоего дома есть река?
There is much snow in winter. Зимой много снега.
There are many apple–trees in the garden. В саду много яблонь.
Last summer there were many mushrooms in our region. Прошлым летом в нашем районе было много грибов.
There are three textbooks and one notebook on the table. На столе три учебника и одна тетрадь.
There is one notebook and three textbooks on the table. На столе одна тетрадь и три учебника.
Are there any apples on the table? Yes, there are some. Есть яблоки на столе? Да, есть.
There are a few eggs in the fridge . It is enough to make an ommelette.   В холодильнике есть немного яиц. Этого достаточно, чтобы приготовить омлет.
There are few eggs in the fridge. It is not enough to bake a cake. В холодильнике мало яиц. Этого недостаточно, чтобы испечь торт.
I would like to make a pie. But there is little flour , it is not enough . Ask Mary to lend you a little (just enough to make a pie).   Я хочу испечь пирог. Но муки мало, ее не хватит. Попроси Мэри одолжить тебе немного (как раз чтобы хватило испечь пирог ).
There was a picture on the wall. На стене была картина.
There will be a hospital next to the school. Рядом со школой будет больница.

 

Exercise 18

Translate the sentences from Russian into English . Write down your translation in the space opposite the original sentence.

В Великобритании вдоль рек есть выдры.    
В лесах Шотландии нет ни одного слона.    
Есть дубы в лесах Западной Англии?    
На столе есть немного бананов, нам всем хватит.  
В этом озере было много рыбы.  
Я схожу в магазин. У нас мало хлеба и мало овощей.  
В вашем районе будет бассейн?    
В нашей группе было десять человек.  
В вашем городе есть музей?  
В вашем лесу есть ягоды? Ягод нет, но много грибов.  
На нашей улице девяносто девять домов.  

 

 

TUTOR’S REMARKS

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