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CHAPTER II - COMPETENCE OF THE COURT



Article 34

1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court.

2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may request of public international organisations information relevant to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by such organisations on their own initiative.

Article 36

1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.

2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning:

a. the interpretation of a treaty;

b. any question of international law;

c. the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation;

d. the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation.

3. The declarations referred to above may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time.

4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court.

5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to run and in accordance with their terms.

6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court.

Article 38

1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:

a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;

b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;

c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;

d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.

2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the parties agree thereto.

 

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

to acquire 1) набувати; 2) отримувати
conqueror 1) завойовник; 2) переможець
agreement угода
use of force використання сили
rights and obligations права та обов’язки
international law міжнародне право
pacta sunt servanda лат. договори повинні виконуватися
relations відносини
to have an influence мати вплив на…
universal legal system універсальна правова система
distinct national identity відокремлена національна ідентичність
Jus Civile національне право
Jus Gentium право народів
considerable development значний розвиток
international court міжнародний суд
Roman citizen громадянин Риму
purpose мета
unenforceable не чинний
League of Nations Ліга Націй
United Nations Organisation Організація Об’єднаних Націй
responsibility відповідальність
trace слід, відбиток
concept концепція
struggle боротьба
Pope 1) священик; 2) піп; 3) Папа Римський
significant важливий
in the wake of smth внаслідок
international organisation міжнародна організація
horror жах, тривога

Unit 3. HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Lead-in

 

The origins of human rights law can be traced back hundreds of years through developments in the legal history of many Western countries. These developments progressively recognized that human rights are not created or granted, but are grounded in the basic dignity and equality of each person.

 

Task 1. What do you think were the reasons for making human rights in the history of many European countries? Would we recognize human rights the way we do today if the consequences of both world wars were somewhat different?

 


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