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International news channels



Вопрос 1

International news channels

Reuters (pronounced /ˈ rɔ ɪ tə rz/) is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom and a division of Thomson Reuters. Reuters brings the latest news from around the world, covering breaking news in business, politics, entertainment, technology and more to the people.

Associated Press is an American news agency owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States. It is one of the largest and most trusted sources of independent newsgathering, supplying a steady stream of news to its members, international subscribers and commercial customers.

The BBC (in full – the British Broadcasting Corporation) – one of the main television and radio broadcasting corporations (organizations) in Britain, paid for by the government since 1927 but free to choose the contents of its programmes. BBC world – an international news programme, broadcast by the BBC on satellite television.

The CNN – Cable News Network – a US television company that broadcast news and special information programs all around the world by satellite 24 hours a day.

Newspaper and television reporting are the same in their basics – reporters collect as much pertinent information about the event or controversy as they can, use their experience and instinct to determine which of that information the audience needs, and then prepare it up accurately, fairly and clearly.

After that, they are different. The most obvious difference is that television reporters have videotape pictures to tell part of the story for them while newspaper reporters must work the descriptive material into their copy. A more important difference is in organization and writing.

Newspaper reporters write most of their stories in the " inverted pyramid" style, putting the freshest and most important information at the beginning of the story and the least important toward the end, so that editors can easily shorten the story to fit available space and readers can turn to another story confident they won't miss essential information by not reading to the very end.

Television reporters construct their stories so that they have a beginning, middle and end — more like a novel (or, maybe, an anecdote) than a news report. They do this because their stories, once produced on videotape, are not easily shortened by producers or editors, and they must give the impression of coming to a logical conclusion rather than just stopping, ‘bang’, as most print stories stop.

Television reporters' stories are called " packages" or " spots." They are introduced by an anchor and played on the air as " SOTs, " or sound on tape segments.

Another term used in TV news reporting is standupper. A standupper, is the reporter standing somewhere, or sitting somewhere, or walking around somewhere, and reporting the story (or analyzing it) with no pictures of the event or subject matter. All the viewer sees is the reporter.

Language and Television

Television is distinguished from print media by its predominantly aural-oral mode of language use, while visuality separates it from the exclusively aural medium of radio.            

Many viewers see television as an oral medium, a perception constantly reinforced by announcers, anchors and reporters who try to engage in an informal, conversational styleof speaking. Among their techniques are the use of direct forms of address, (e.g., " Good evening, " " Thank you for watching..., " or " Please, stay with us! " ).

Television talk aims at avoiding what is natural in face-to-face conversation – errors such as false starts or pauses, and repetitions, hesitations and silence.

In spite of the presence of seeming spontaneity in talk genres, they are usually semi-scripted, and involve a preparation process including research, writing, editing and presentation.

Вопрос 2

Word choice and tone

The use of gender unfair language, words with positive or negative coloring or words with a particular connotation can strongly influence the reader or viewer.

Вопрос 3

Вопрос 4

Talks between heads of government or other very important representatives are summits, and officials negotiations. A meeting or a series of related meetings of this kind is a round of talks.

Where preparation is needed before the main talks, for example to decide on the meeting place and the participants, they may first hold talks about talks.

An official organisation where representatives meet regularly to give speeches and exchange opinions, but which has no real power, is a talking shop.

 

A negotiating position, particularly one unlikely to change, is a stance. A stance is often described as tough or aggressive.

Negotiators try to reach agreement by making concessions, demanding less than they demanded earlier, hoping to get concessions from the other side, thus reaching agreement through compromise.

If one side refuses a proposal during talks, it vetoes it, or uses its veto.

Where there is disagreement, the two sides are at loggerheads, and where there is no prospect of a change in negotiating positions, commentators talk about deadlock, or an impasse. Talks in this state are deadlocked.

WAR AND THREATS OF WAR

If the differences between two sides increase, there is escalating tension between them. A standoff is a period of extreme tension that may or may not lead to violence. If two sides are very close to war, they are teetering on the brink of war.

If a war is prevented, perhaps by talks, it is averted. If not, hostilities begin or break out.

A hot spot is a place where tension is high and fighting may break out at any moment.

WARRING PARTIES

Before or during a war, one side may accuse the other of belligerent statements, remarks or actions: things that make war more likely, or prolong or intensify a war that has already started.

Belligerents, combatants or warring parties, countries or factions participate in a war, or wage war against each other. Combatants are also people physically doing the fighting.

Casualties are people killed and hurt, or wounded, especially those severely wounded. They may include civilian casualties, those not in the military. Military casualties may be referred to as losses. Where there are many casualties or losses, they are described as heavy. Casualties and losses are inflicted by one side on the other. Military casualties killed or wounded by members of their own side are victims of friendly fire. Unintended civilian casualties and damage to non-military targets may be referred to by the military, euphemistically, as collateral damage.

VICTIMS OF WAR

If a war intensifies, it escalates. A country devastated by war is, in media terms, war-torn.

One side may accuse the other of atrocities: for example, forcing civilians to leave an area for reasons of ethnic origin – ethnic cleansing. Or they may accuse them of the mass killing of civilians for racial or political reasons: genocide.

People fleeing war-zones are refugees or evacuees, and the help provided to them by organisations is relief or relief aid. Organisations such as the Red Cross are relief organisations.

Вопрос 5

A genre is a particular type of artistic, musical, cinematic or literary expression.

Fiction refers to stories and books about people and events invented by the author. Faction is a genre that uses techniques usually associated with fiction to recount real events, usually ones that have happened quite recently.

 

A profitable film or play is a box office success, smash or hit. A very successful and profitable film, play or book is a blockbuster.

Unsuccessful films are box office failures or box office disasters. Films like this flop or bomb and are known as turkeys.

A sleeper is a film, relatively unknown when it comes out, that does unexpectedly well.

Money taken at the box office is known as the take, receipts or gross receipts. A film is often judged by how much it makes or grosses at the box office.

 

A film buff is someone who likes films a lot and knows a lot about them.

A cult movie or cult film is one that perhaps not many people know about but that has a devoted band of followers who watch and discuss it repeatedly.

 

Вопрос 1

International news channels

Reuters (pronounced /ˈ rɔ ɪ tə rz/) is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom and a division of Thomson Reuters. Reuters brings the latest news from around the world, covering breaking news in business, politics, entertainment, technology and more to the people.

Associated Press is an American news agency owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States. It is one of the largest and most trusted sources of independent newsgathering, supplying a steady stream of news to its members, international subscribers and commercial customers.

The BBC (in full – the British Broadcasting Corporation) – one of the main television and radio broadcasting corporations (organizations) in Britain, paid for by the government since 1927 but free to choose the contents of its programmes. BBC world – an international news programme, broadcast by the BBC on satellite television.

The CNN – Cable News Network – a US television company that broadcast news and special information programs all around the world by satellite 24 hours a day.

Newspaper and television reporting are the same in their basics – reporters collect as much pertinent information about the event or controversy as they can, use their experience and instinct to determine which of that information the audience needs, and then prepare it up accurately, fairly and clearly.

After that, they are different. The most obvious difference is that television reporters have videotape pictures to tell part of the story for them while newspaper reporters must work the descriptive material into their copy. A more important difference is in organization and writing.

Newspaper reporters write most of their stories in the " inverted pyramid" style, putting the freshest and most important information at the beginning of the story and the least important toward the end, so that editors can easily shorten the story to fit available space and readers can turn to another story confident they won't miss essential information by not reading to the very end.

Television reporters construct their stories so that they have a beginning, middle and end — more like a novel (or, maybe, an anecdote) than a news report. They do this because their stories, once produced on videotape, are not easily shortened by producers or editors, and they must give the impression of coming to a logical conclusion rather than just stopping, ‘bang’, as most print stories stop.

Television reporters' stories are called " packages" or " spots." They are introduced by an anchor and played on the air as " SOTs, " or sound on tape segments.

Another term used in TV news reporting is standupper. A standupper, is the reporter standing somewhere, or sitting somewhere, or walking around somewhere, and reporting the story (or analyzing it) with no pictures of the event or subject matter. All the viewer sees is the reporter.

Language and Television

Television is distinguished from print media by its predominantly aural-oral mode of language use, while visuality separates it from the exclusively aural medium of radio.            

Many viewers see television as an oral medium, a perception constantly reinforced by announcers, anchors and reporters who try to engage in an informal, conversational styleof speaking. Among their techniques are the use of direct forms of address, (e.g., " Good evening, " " Thank you for watching..., " or " Please, stay with us! " ).

Television talk aims at avoiding what is natural in face-to-face conversation – errors such as false starts or pauses, and repetitions, hesitations and silence.

In spite of the presence of seeming spontaneity in talk genres, they are usually semi-scripted, and involve a preparation process including research, writing, editing and presentation.


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