Health care system in the USA ( часть 2)

 

Most Americans have insurance through their employers and what that would entail is what's called co-pay. Every time you see a doctor or need to have a hospital visit, you have to make a payment in addition to what your employer would pay or what your insurance would pay. Usually, it's very minimal and it’s probably, $10. But some are $20, some are $50. It’s designed to keep people from running to the hospital for every single little thing because they know they have to pay a small amount, too, which is a very fair system. If you don't have insurance, one of two things could happen; if you go to a private hospital some hospitals might accept you as an indigent (very poor) person. They have plans that are intended to pay for your care. Otherwise, you’d go to a state hospital and the service there is pretty minimal. You don’t get the best care you can get, but you get, for the most part, adequate care. If you live in a very large city like New York or Los Angeles and don’t have insurance, it might be more difficult to get healthcare from a state hospital.

The employer pays part of the health insurance expense. He has a contract with an insurance agent, and with Hospital. The city pays a certain amount for your insurance, and out every paycheck that you get you pay a certain amount. It depends on whether you're single or whether you have a wife and whether you have children. If you have a wife, so you pay about $30 to $40 per paycheck towards insurance. The city pays $30 to $40 per paycheck and then each time you see a doctor you have to pay the co-pay of $10. And your wife does the same. When you have children your insurance will extend to cover them as well. Actually, there are only two options on your plan. One is to be an individual and the other is to have a family plan. So you have a family plan to cover, your wife, and your children.

If your wife is expecting a child each time she goes to see the doctor she’ll pay $10. And when the baby is finally ready to be born she will pay $10 and be admitted to the hospital. And if there’s any kind of emergency or anything else there’s no extra payment.                             

So if there’s a one-day stay that's what she’ll have. If she needs a one-week stay she’ll have that. There won’t be any extra fee. It’ll all be covered under the insurance.         On average women stay in the hospital one day when they have babies.

And on most plans woman can go home the very same day they have a baby. But it’s their option they wish to stay at least one day and if there are any complications she can stay longer. Unfortunately, with the expense of medical care, it’s in the hospital’s best interest to have the woman leave as early as possible to free up the bed for another patient. So they sometimes might rush the patient’s discharge from the hospital.

They have a choice what doctor they pick for themselves. They picked one doctor and ended up not liking that doctor. So they switched to another doctor that they are much happier with. It affects the doctor that you stop seeing, because they no longer receive payment. They receive payment from the insurance. If you don’t have insurance, they receive the payment from you. So it’s a way of casting a consumer’s vote, so to speak, that you don’t see a doctor that you aren’t happy with. Then they’ll hopefully get the message that they need to change the way they practice.

If somebody has a cold or the flue, that’s a fairly common illness. Generally they’ll just take a day off from work and stay home and wait till it passes. There are very few drugs out there that are going to eliminate a cold or the flue. Usually it’s something that you just have to get through. But if it’s something a little bit more serious, generally you can call up and make an appointment to go and see a doctor. If it’s something very serious you just go right to the hospital and get admitted immediately.

If there’s an emergency, you just dial 911 and that reaches the police dispatch. And if there’s any kind of medical emergency they’ll immediately get an ambulance on the way. Otherwise, for instance, if you’re giving birth or something and it looks a little serious you could call the hospital directly. And they can dispatch an ambulance.

If you have money, you can pay for the extra service that maybe shouldn’t be given to everybody. But certainly everybody deserves a minimum. And everybody has that minimum in the United States in a relatively reasonable amount of time.

As far as dental care is concerned, it is pretty much similar to regular health care.

You can belong to a Dental Maintenance Organization where you pay a fee and almost everything is covered. The plan that you belong to is very similar to medical insurance in that you pay co-pay each time you see the dentist. And for certain things like crowns, dentures there’s a fixed schedule of fees that you have to pay also in addition to your regular insurance. But what are covered completely are dental visits twice a year. The most important thing you can do for your teeth anyhow is to see your dentist twice a year, have your teeth cleaned and checked, and have any fixed immediately. And that avoids future problems.                                   

 

                    

Тема № 20

Название темы:  «Зачетное занятие».

2. Формы работы: подготовка к практическим занятиям, подготовка материалов по НИРС.

3. Перечень вопросов для самоподготовки по теме практического занятия.

Знать лексический минимум по теме, основную медицинскую терминологию на иностранном языке; грамматический материал; уметь использовать знания лексико-грамматического материала устной и письменной речи, владеть иностранным языком в объеме, необходимом для возможности коммуникации и получения информации из зарубежных источников.

 

Задания.

Ответы на вопросы по теме занятия.

1) What is the area of your research?

2) What problems are the medical conferences in you Universities devoted to?

3) Have you ever made a report at the scientific conference?

4) Do you always participate in the discussion of the reports?

5) What points would you suggest for the evaluation of the scientific report?

 

Предлагаются вопросы по всем изученным темам.

а) What is the main attention of health service in Russia paid to?

б) What is one of the most important tasks in the fight against different diseases?

в) What is helpful in health education?

г) Is the polyclinic the basic medical unit in our country?

д) How many hours does the doctor work?

е) Is the emergency ambulance service free of charge?

ж) What can you say about the equipment of the emergency ambulance service?

з) Are there many specialized hospitals in Russia?

и) What are the problems, studied by the Mother-and-Child Health Care Centre in Mosсow?

к) Is much attention in our country paid to the scientific problems?

1. «Digestion»:

а) How are nutrients supplied to the body ?

б) What processes are known as digestion and absorption?

в) What do we call the parts of the digestion tube?

г) Is glucose absorbed from the stomach or the small intestine?

д) Water and drugs are absorbed through the stomach walls, aren`t they?

2. «Nutrition»:

а) Does the oxidation of foods produce heat or energy?

б) How is the food burnt up?

в) What substance is the most abundant one in the body?

г) What substances are present in the body?

д) What is the percentage of different substances in different organs?

3. «Nutrition»:

а) What does the secret of a proper diet depend on?

б) What vitamins do you know?

в) What vitamins does carrot contain?

г) What food do vegetarians prefer?

д) What vitamins does sunlight enable the body to make?

4. «The Excretory Organs»:

а) How are harmful substances eliminated from the body?

б) What organs pass out carbon dioxide and water vapor?

в) What are the organs of the urinary system?

г) How is water eliminated from the body?

д) What process takes place in the kidneys?

5. «The Excretory Organs»:

а) What is the chief function of the Kidney?

б) Where is the blood led to the Kidney?

в) Why do blood passes through arterioles slowly?

г) What is glomerulus?

6. «Endocrine System»:

а) The functions of various endocrine glands are different aren’t they? What are they?

б) Is the disturbance in the activity of the endocrine glands accompanied by any changes throughout the organism?

в) What is hyper or hypofunction?

г) Why is hypophysis considered the chief gland of the endocrine system?

д) How do the endocrine and nervous system interact?

7. «Endocrine System»:

а) What organs are called endocrine?

б) What hormone does pancreas secrete?

в) What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?

г) What hormone regulates the process of growth?

д) How many organ systems are there in the human body? What are they?

8. «The Nervous System»:

с. 156, упр. 7 The Nervous System, уч. пос. Марковиной И.Ю.

9. «The Nervous System»:

а) What is the brain?

б) What are the nerves?

в) Who discovered the conditioned reflexes?

г) What are the cutaneous senses?

д) What are the deeper senses?

е) What are the internal senses?

ж) What are the special senses?

з)What are the general body senses?

10. «Viruses. Bacteria»:

а)What have scientists known about viruses until the electrone microscope became available?

б) What 2 great discoveries were made in the 1930`s?

в) Can virologists differentiate between the types of viruses on the basis of their size or shape?

г) Are proteins and nucleic acids only structural components f active viruses?

д) What are bacteria?

е) Where do bacteria occur?

11. «Polyclinics»:

а) What does a person do if he falls ill?

б )What medical specialists work at a polyclinic?

в) What does a physician do during the medical examination?

г) What analyses help physician to make a correct diagnosis and administer a proper treatment?

д) In what cases does a local physician go out to the calls?

е) What patients receive a sick-leave?

ж) Why does any physician of the polyclinic know his patients well?

з) Who helps a local physician to carry out all his administrations?

12. « Medical Institutions»:

а) What is a clinic?

б) What medical institution is called a chemist’s?

в) What is the difference between Polyclinic, Hospital and Clinic?

г) Where are the drugs kept at medical Institutions?

д) Where do you usually keep the drugs at home?

е) What may the over dosage of a drug cause?

ж) Who usually writes out a prescription?

13. «Medical Institutions. Hospitals»:

а) What medical institution is called a hospital?

б) What medical specialists work at a hospital?

в) Who receives patients at the reception ward?

г) What does the nurse on duty fill in?

д) What does the doctor on duty do?

е) When does life at the in-patient department begin?

ж )Where are the drugs kept?

з) What medical procedures do doctors administer?

14. «Medical conference»:

а) What is the area of your research?

б) What problems is a conference devoted to?

в) Where is the organizing committee of the conference?

г) Who is the conference chairman?

д) Have you any comments to the paper we’ve just heard?

е) Where will the opening ceremony be held?

ж) Where is the conference hall?

з) May I ask a question to the speaker?

и) Did the conference offered you the opportunity to exchange research data?

к) How much is the registration fee?

 

4. Самоконтроль по тестовым заданиям данной темы.

Смотрите банк тестов на сайте кафедры.

5. Самоконтроль по ситуационным заданиям .

1. You were appointed as a host for international conference “The problems of World Medicine”. Prepare the introductory word, explain the audience the aims and tasks of the conference. Open the conference.

 

2. You have met the foreigners – participants of the international conference. Prepare the plan of excursions and other entertainments for them.

provided medical services.

 

3. You are a participant of the world conference “Problems of the Health Care”. The topic of you report is “The main problems of Russian Health Care”

 

4. You are at the “Rectors Talk” with the students and would like to know the tendencies of Russian education. Ask about exchange education programs that are available for students of KrasSMU.

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