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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
IV. Work in pairs. Describe each other.Стр 1 из 10Следующая ⇒
My Family Unit I: Meet My Family My name is Alexander. I'm a first-year student of the Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy. I study at the Automobile Transport Faculty. I’m eighteen. I was born in Omsk. This year I have left secondary school and entered our academy. I'm studying to be an engineer. I'm a hard worker and like to do everything well. When I have spare time I like to go in for sports. I'm fond of sport games and my favourite one is football. I'm fond of music too. I like to listen to music and collect information about popular singers. I have a family. We are five. My father is a teacher of English. Besides English he knows French and German. He is a man of forty-five. He is a good-looking man, tall and handsome. He is always well-dressed, in good taste. My mother is a house-wife. She is a pretty woman of about forty with warm brown hair and soft dark brown eyes. She is kind and gentle and she manages her house very well. My father is a clever man, but a little unpractical, and my mother needs to look after him. My mother, on the other hand, is very practical and full of common sense. I have a brother and a sister. My elder brother is a student too. He studies economics and is going to be an economist. He has dark curly hair and good grey eyes. He is not very tall, but strong. He swims well and is a good footballer. My brother is good-hearted and likes a joke. He knows a lot of funny stories. My younger sister is a lovely little girl. She has golden hair and blue eyes. Her spirit is always bright and happy, full of joy. She isn't fond of study, but she likes music and dancing. We all are very friendly. I love my family very much. Exercises: I. Read the following words from the text: Siberian favourite manage lovely popular common highway besides heart faculty handsome economist entered pretty curly our eyes economics engineer kind automobile II. Complete the following sentences using the text: 1) Alexander is a… 2) He studies at… 3) This year he… 4) He likes to do everything well, he is a… 5) He is fond of… 6) His father is… 7)… is very practical and… 8) She likes music and dancing but she… 9) His … will be an economist as he… III. Work in pairs. Correct wrong statements. Begin your answers with the following expressions: That's right. Exactly so. Precisely so. You are right. I agree with you. You are incorrect. You are not right. 1) Last year Alexander left secondary school and entered the Institute. 2) Alexander likes music and dancing but he is not fond of study. 3) His brother is fond of sport games and his favourite one is basketball. 4) Alexander is fond of collecting information about popular footballers. 5) His brother is fond of swimming and listening to music. 6) Alexander has a lovely elder sister. 7) His mother is always well-dressed in good taste. 8) His younger brother is going to become an economist. 9) His father is about forty-five, tall and handsome. 10) His mother has golden hair and blue eyes. IV. Give English equivalents for the following word-combinations and use them in the sentences of your own. первокурсник (второкурсник, …), поступить в институт, любимый (например, предмет), учиться в институте, быть трудолюбивым, заботиться о ком-либо, увлекаться чем-либо, заниматься спортом. V. Read the following words and say: a) what relatives by birth; b) what relatives by marriage you or other members of your family have. Relatives by Birth:
Relatives by Marriage:
Translate these words without dictionary: a great grandchild; a granddaughter; a mother-in-law; a sister-in-law; a daughter-in-law; stepmother VI. Fill in the missing words: 1) My mother's sister is my… and her brother is my… 2) My wife’s mother is my… and her father is my… 3) My wife’s sister is my… and my wife’s brother is my… 4) My uncle's son is my… and my aunt's daughter is my… too. 5) My mother has a sister; her son is my mother's… 6) My father has a brother; his daughter is my father's… VII. Study the following passage and make up 5 sentences of your own using some of the underlined words: In Britain most people have three names[1]: 1) first name = Christian name = forename (mainly in official documents); 2) middle name (it is not used very often); 3) surname = family name = last name. Þ For example: My name is James Brown. My first name is James, or Jimmy. My middle name is Clarke. My surname is Brown, as I said. My full name is James Clarke Brown. VIII. Remember the following expressions on age and use them in the sentences or situations of your own: 1) He is 16. He is 16 years old. He is a sixteen-year old boy. He is over l6 (under 16). He is about 16. He has just completed his 16th year. He is entering (on) his 17th year. 2) He is in his teens (i.e. 13-19). I've just entered my teens. He is a teen-ager. 3) My sister is eight years older than I. He is 2 years senior (junior) to me. She is half my age. He is twice as young as I am. 4) He is advanced in years. He is a middle-aged person. He is an aged (elderly) person. 5) He doesn't look his age. He looks much younger. 6) They are of the same age. IX. a) Study the following expressions: 1. He lives in England. 2. She lives in America. 3. He lives in Scotland. He is from England. She is from America. He is from Scotland. He is English. She is American. He is Scottish. He is an Englishman. She is an American. He is a Scot. He is a Scotsman. b) Match the countries and their nationalities, make up sentences to introduce one and the same person in different ways.
X. a) Make up 5 sentences about the occupations of your relatives. Use the following words:
в) Work in pairs. Let your partner guess the occupations of your relatives. Use only general questions. XI. Read the following words and make up some sentences about your hobby and hobbies of your relatives. Þ Model: My hobby is fishing. I like to go fishing. I like fishing. I like fishing very much. I’m crazy about fishing. I’m fond of fishing. I am keen on fishing. I find pleasure fishing.
XII. Read the survey and ask each other about your hobbies. Use only general questions (Is your hobby…?). Ho do young people spend their free time? What leisure activities do they prefer? The sociological study shows, that 13% of St. Petersburg students have not been to the theatre once during the year; 33,5% have not been to an opera or ballet; 41,4% ignore concerts of classical music; 33,2% do not go to the museums or exhibitions and less than half of the young people are interested in books. They prefer going to cafes and clubs instead of reading. XIII. Define the main idea of the following essay and say whether you think it right or wrong. Prove your statement. The Use of Leisure By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told. Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dance-hall, and if the latter, they do not dance but simply sit and watch others dancing. A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme, which he has been planning for his leisure time. Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or model engineering or gardening; or… he might wish to write, or to study some subject in which he is interested. This is the creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on then with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them. Many a man gets full value from his leisure by contemplating nature, listening to music, or reading noble books. By this sort of occupation he may not have made anything that he can show, but he has none the less recreated his own source of inspiration and made his own mind a richer and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure. XIV. Work in pairs. Speak on the following situation: You are a newcomer in your group. Introduce yourself and your immediate family (name, age, nationality, occupation, and hobby). XV. Study the following speech patterns. - 1 - Who are you? – I'm Jim Brown. What is your name? – My name is Jim Brown, What is your full name? – My full name’s James O. Brown. What is your brother's first name? – My brother’s first name is Tom. Is Tom Brown any relation to you? – Yes, he is my brother. What relation are you to Ann? – She is my cousin. - 2 - How old are you? – I'm eighteen years old. How old is your friend? – He's nineteen. When were you born? – I was born on the 26th of October 1980. When is your birthday? – It's on the 2nd of March. Where were you born? – I was born in Omsk. Where was your mother born? – She was born in Omsk too. - 3 - Where are you from? – I'm from Britain. Where do you come from? – I'm from Moscow. Where does your father come from? – He is from Minsk. What country are you from? – I'm from Russia. What town are you from? – I live in Omsk. Are you Russian? – Yeah! I am Russian. Is he an American? – No, he isn't. He is French. - 4 - What do you do? – I'm an engineer. What does your father do? – He's a worker. What is your occupation? – I'm a traffic inspector. What is your sister's job? – She is an architect. What do you do? – I am studying to be an engineer. Where do you study? – I study at the Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy. What faculty do you study at? – I study at the Civil Engineering faculty. Where does your brother work? – He works at the car service station. - 5 - What is your hobby? – My hobby is collecting coins. What is your sister's hobby? – She is crazy about dancing. What are you fond of? – I enjoy cooking very much. What is your brother fond of? – What I like about my brother is that he's fond of sport. What is your favourite pastime? – I like listening to music. – “ – “ – “ – “ – “ – “ – I am in a habit of listening to music in the evenings. - 6 - Is your family big? – Not very. There are only three of us. Is your family large? – Yes, rather. We are five. – “ – “ – “ – “ – It is very small. I'm single. In fact, I'm a bachelor. – “ – “ – “ – “ – No, it isn't. I'm the only child in the family. How many people does your family consist of? – It consists of 3 members. Are you married? – Yes, I have been married for five years. – “ – “ – “–“ – I'm not married; I am single. Is your brother married yet? – Not yet, but he is going to. Is he single or married? – He is a family man. – “ – “ – “ – “ – He is a widower. – “ – “ – “ – “ – He is divorced. How long has she been married? – She’s been married only for two years. XVI. Answer the questions: 1) Who are you? (Your relatives?) 2) What is your full name? 3) How old are you? (Your sisters, brothers?) 4) When were you born? 5) When is your birthday? 6) Where are your parents (grandparents) from? 7) What do you (your parents) do now? 8) What are you fond of? 9) Are you in a habit of reading late in the evenings? 10) Is your family big? 11) How many people does your family consist of? 12) Are you the only child in the family? 13) Are you married? 14) How long have you (your parents) been married? XVII. Write down the special questions to which the following, sentences are the answers: 1) That boy is my nephew. 2) My brother goes in for sport. 3) Her parents are musicians. 4) Ann is my niece. 5) Her uncle is American. 6) His parents are elderly people. 7) She was born in 1953. 8) My sister is 12. 9) My friend is Bill. 10) His children are fond of playing tennis. 11) We are four. Joke A: - How old are you? B: - I'm not old. I’m young. A: - All right. How young are you? B: - I'm five. XVIII. Translate into English. 1) Как вас зовут? 2) Как ваша фамилия? 3) Меня зовут Андрей, фамилия Лавров. 4) Вы находитесь в родстве с Анной Лавровой? – Да, мы брат и сестра. 5) Сколько Вам лет? - Мне 22 года. 6) Когда вы родились? - Я родился 26 июля 1975 года. 7) Сколько лет вашим родителям? 8) Где вы родились? - Я родился в Канаде, но мои отец и мать британцы. 9) Сколько лет вашему племяннику? Он выглядит очень молодо. - Он на пять лет старше меня. 10) Ваш сын уже женат? - Нет, он ещё холост. 11) Кем вы приходитесь Анне Лавровой? - Я её тётя. 12) Кто вы по профессии? - Я экономист. 13) Где Вы работаете? - На фабрике. 14) Кем работают ваши родители? - Они уже пенсионеры. 15) Сколько лет они женаты? - Они женаты 25 лет. 16) Чем Вы увлекаетесь? - Я очень люблю путешествовать. 17) Как вашей сестре больше всего нравится использовать свой досуг? - Она имеет обыкновение читать книги по вечерам. 18) У Вас большая семья? - Нет, не очень. Нас трое: я, жена, ребенок. XIX. Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue about your family. Try to get as much information about the family of your partner as you can. You may use the following expressions: Look here!/ I say! - Послушай! As for… - Что касается… By the way. - между прочим Really? - Неужели? All right! - Ладно! Хорошо! After all. - B конце концов, в конечном счете I doubt it. - Сомневаюсь. And what about… (your son)? - А как насчет… (вашего сына)? Tell me… - Скажите… I should say… - Я бы сказал… I shouldn't say so… - Я бы не сказал… You see… - Видите ли… How very interesting! - Как интересно! You don't say so! - Что вы говорите! (удивление) I see. - Ясно. (Понятно). XX. Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs: 1) As the tree, so the fruit. 2) Many a good father hath but a bad son. 3) Too many cooks spoil the broth. 4) He is tied to his wife’s apron strings.
XXI. Topics for discussion. 1) Some think that it is only people having to do who have hobbies; others believe that everybody should have a hobby. What do you think? 2) It is often said that people are as old as they feel it. Do you agree with this? 3) There is a proverb saying that “a good name is better than riches”. And what do you think about it?
XXII. Read the text and give its summary. The Royal Family At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI. As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elisabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in 1947. She came to the throne after her father's death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953. Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties are the regular visits to foreign countries and especially those of the Commonwealth. The Queen has done much to signify the formalities of the monarchy, including allowing the ВВС to make a documentary film about the every day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the “walkabout”, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people. The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The death of his wife, Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di) in 1997 turned out to be one of the greatest shocks for many people in Great Britain and abroad. In spite of the gossips and contradictions in mass media concerning her personality, she won the affection of great number of people by her beauty and generosity. She was one of the most popular members of the Royal Family widely admired for her commitment to helping children and supporting the aged and ill, particularly AIDS sufferers. The Queen's other children are Princess Ann, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. The Queen Mother, the widow of the late King George VI, celebrated her ninetieth birthday in 1990. The Queen's only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is well-known for her charity work. Vocabulary:
The Royal Family from the Reign of King George VI 1. The Prince of Wales 8. Ann, Princess Royal 2. Prince William of Wales 9. Peter Philips 3. Prince Henry of Wales 10. Zara Philips 4. The Duke of York 11. Princess Margaret 5. Princess Beatrice of York 12. Viscount Linely 6. Princess Eugenie of York 13. Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones 7. Prince Edward
Names:
Unit II: Appearance Our family is not very large. We are four. We think that the ideas about a family often depend on its members' appearance. That's why we try to look nice every day. Our father is a tall, handsome, broad-shouldered and strong man with dark clever eyes and a very great forehead. He's always clean-shaved and immaculately dressed. Our mother is a slim, elegant and charming middle-aged woman who does her best to look younger than she is. She has rather small features and a fair complexion. She likes to be well dressed. She wears her hair shoulder length. I think she is very beautiful. My sister Natasha is neither tall nor small. She is middle-sized and plump. She has an upright carriage. Her oval face is touched with freckles in summer. Natasha is fair-haired and blue-eyed. In fact she looks like our mother. My sister has long eyelashes and a turned up nose. I think she is a pretty girl. But what I don't like about her is that she spends much time before the mirror. Exercises: I. Read the following words from the text:
II. a) Find English equivalents of the following word-combinations in the text: хорошо выглядеть; хорошо одеваться; быть среднего роста; средних лет; иметь светлый цвет лица; иметь волосы до плеч; иметь стройную осанку; быть курносым; быть безупречно одетым; стараться изо всех сил; быть похожим на кого-либо; быть ни низким, ни высоким; иметь мелкие черты лица. b) Work in threes. Use these word-combinations while retelling the text in the 1st person (as if you were the members of this family). Change your roles. III. a) Study the following words: - 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
b) Translate the following sentences using the words given above. 1) Моя бабушка на пенсии, но она хорошо сохранилась и выглядит моложе своих лет 2) У него обычная внешность. 3) Она не похожа на свою мать: у нее круглое лицо, курносый нос, низкий лоб и густые волосы. 4) Ему нравятся голубоглазые, стройные, длинноногие блондинки. 5) Я всегда стараюсь следить за своей фигурой. 6) У его племянницы приятная внешность и очаровательная улыбка. 7) У моряков (sailors) обычно неуклюжая походка. 8) 0н - точная копия своего деда: те же кудрявые волосы рыжие усы и выступающий подбородок. 9) Мой брат похож на отца, у него тонкие губы, прямой нос, гладкие волосы. 10) После болезни (illness) у нее были бледные щеки. Она похудела и теперь хочет немного поправиться. 11) Он хорошо сложен, широкоплеч, у него прямая осанка. Он всегда носит модную одежду. 12) Ей очень к лицу строгая одежда. 13) У него правильные черты лица.
Joke Two elderly Englishmen were talking about young people in our day. One of them said, “young-people now are so different from what we were thirty years ago. Look at that young person with short hair smoking a cigarette and wearing jeans. What is it - a boy or a girl? It's impossible to say”. “It's a girl”, said a middle-aged person sitting near them on a bench. “I'm sorry, sir”, said the first Englishman. “I suppose you are her father”. “I'm not”, was the answer. “I'm her mother”. Unit III: Human Qualities My parents are very intelligent and highly educated people. Both of them are University graduates. My father doesn't usually talk much. He's a serious and punctual man who is quick at making decisions. As he is a managing director in a big company he deals with lots of people. When speaking to anyone he tries to be very polite, tactful and patient. When solving different problems of the company he tries to be quiet and open-minded. He is dedicated to his business. His colleagues consider him absolutely trustworthy, loyal, responsible, wise and just. Everybody believes him to be of great value to his company. My mother is quite a different person. She is very emotional, easygoing and very sociable. She works at the University. My mother is really a wonderful woman with a good sense of humour and sparkling wit. Students admire the way she delivers her lectures. She’s kind, sincere, generous and always cheerful. She is also unselfish and very interested in other people. She has a lot of friends who would die for her. Exercises: I. Read the following words from the text:
II. a) Find English equivalents of the following words: умный, добродушно-веселый/покладистый, эмоциональный, справедливый, добрый, весёлый, щедрый, высокообразованный, спокойный, верный, непредвзятый, ответственный, искренний, серьезный, общительный, пунктуальный, вежливый, терпеливый, тактичный, заслуживающий доверия, бескорыстный, мудрый. b) Make up your own sentences with these words according to the model. Þ Model: I am…, but I'm not… III. Give as many examples as possible with the following word-combinations: to be quick at doing smth.; to be dedicated to smth.; to be of great value to smth./smb.; to be interested in smth./smb.; to deal with smth./smb. IV. Complete the following sentences: 1. I consider my parents… 2. My parents consider me… 3. I consider English…, because… 4. Everybody believes me to be… 5. I believe my sister (brother, etc.) to be… because… 6. I always admire the way my mother (father, etc)… 7. My friends always admire the way I… 8. I would die for… because… V. Work in pairs. Retell the text in the 1st person as if you were (a) the father, (b) the mother. Change your roles. Try not to look in the text. VI. Translate into English. 1) Я считаю, что мой отец очень мудрый человек. 2) Все считают его заслуживающим доверия, так как он ответственный человек, 3) Я хочу, чтобы мой сын был вежливым. 4) У этого человека хорошее образование. 5) Мы очень ценим умных и серьезных людей. 6) Я очень высоко ценю его чувство юмора. 7) Его родители интересуются литературой. 8) Мне нравится, как мой отец решает проблемы компании. 9) Они так преданы своему делу, что готовы жизнь отдать за него. 10) Мне нравится общаться с искренними, весёлыми и тактичными людьми. VII. a) Read the following words:
b) Work in pairs. Pick out your three main traits and let your partner guess them. Use general questions. VIII. Complete the following sentences: 1) It's easy to deal with people who are… 2) I hate it when people are… 3) I think that he is the right man for the job because he is… 4) You overestimate him. He is not so… as you think. 5) You underestimate him. He is not so… as you think. IX. Match the given below word-combinations and their Russian equivalents. Illustrate them in your sentences or situations.
X. Paraphrase the sentences: l) Her charm is irresistible. 2) She spares neither time nor effort to help people. 3) He is proficient in his studies. 4) She is easy to get along with. 5) She is pleasant to deal with. 6) He is hard to deal with. 7) He has a slight inclination to lightmindedness. 8) He thinks too much of himself. 9) It's unlike her. 10) It's like him. 11) He is the right man for the job. XI. Translate into English: 1) Моя сестра очень добросовестна и старательна в учебе. 2) По правде говоря (to tell the truth), я считаю себя упрямым и самоуверенным. 3) У неё утонченный вкус. 4) Он очень привязан к своему отцу. 5) Я не люблю иметь дело с лицемерными и плохо воспитанными людьми. 6) Это на неё похоже - сторониться людей. 7) С ней очень трудно общаться, так как она плохо воспитана. 8) С ним интересно общаться, так как он очень начитанный. 9) Честные и скромные люди всегда производят на меня хорошее впечатление. 10) С ней легко ладить, так как она очень покладистая. 11) Моего отца уважают за то, что он справедливый и пунктуальный. XII. Things to do: 1) Tell as much as you can about your friend, recommending him (her) for a job. 2) Complain of your neighbor with whom you always quarrel. 3) Describe any good or bad literary character. 4) Describe the person you like to deal with very much. 5) Describe your best friend. XIII. Practise these substitution dialogues in pairs. Give your examples instead of the underlined words and word-combinations. Change your roles. - 1 - - What kind of person is he? - He seems to me very ambitious. - 2 - - What kind of people are they? - They make a good impression. I think they are the right men for the job. - I’m glad to hear it. - 3 - - Do you know what kind of man he is? - Not yet. But I think him to be rather dull. - Do you really mean that he is so foolish? - Well, it’s possible, but I’m not sure. - 4 - - What do you think of him? - As far as I know, he’s a good fellow, honest and reliable. - I quite agree with you. I think him to be trustworthy. - 5 - - He is a clever man, isn’t he? - Right you are. He seems to be very bright. - 6 - - Can she be so stingy? It sounds incredible. - But she really is! - I’m very sorry to hear it. - 7 - - Why don’t you like her? - You see, she has bad manners and sometimes she is even rude. - That’s too bad. - 8 - - Which of your colleagues do you like best of all? - I think I like Fred most of all. He is a good specialist and a fine man. - I see. - 9 - - What kind of people do you like dealing with? - You see, I don’t like very sociable and fussy people. Besides, I hate it when people are too outspoken or absentminded. - Oh, you must be a hard-to-deal-with person! - It looks like that. - 10 - - What kind of people do you like resting with? - Well, you can never tell (трудно сказать). I’d rather spend my time with a cheerful person. - I see. As for me, I would like to deal with a reliable man. XIV. Answer the questions: 1) What kind of person are you? 2) What kind of people are your parents (your grandparents)? 3) What kind of person is your sister (brother, friend)? 4) What kind of person is your neighbour? 5) What kind of people do you like dealing with? 6) What kind of people do you hate dealing with? 7) What kind of people do you like working with? 8) What kind of people do you like resting with? 9) What kind of people do you prefer travelling with? XV. Make up a dialogue. Discuss the character of your relatives, friends, etc. XVI. a) Translate the following passage in writing: The English
Dialogue - Every nation has a reputation of some kind. For example, everybody believes that the French are light-minded and the Germans are punctual. - What kind of people are the English? - They say that unlike the Americans, the English are cold, reserved and conservative. - That isn’t always true. - Of course not. But we are talking about the reputation they have. XIX. Read the extracts about the late Princess of Wales, Diana Spencer. Write out the words that describe her personality. - Her grace, her ease with ordinary people and her indefinable magic lit up the lives of all who met her. Diana impressed the whole world. - Always concerned, always caring, she became increasingly committed to the campaign against landmines. - Even when experiencing her own grief, she didn’t hesitate to try and bring comfort and compassion to others. She used her unique combination of compassion and charisma in the service of others. The list of charities Diana supported was wide-ranging. By last year she was associated with over 100 charities, a large proportion benefiting children, ill, AIDS victims. - She will be remembered for remarkable warmth and sensitivity towards the patients… - All who met her were struck by her interest and commitment to homeless people. - With the face of a movie star and the personality of an angel, Diana brought warmth to the Royal Family. We heard the rumors of Royals displeased with Diana’s outspoken manner, but to us, the honesty of her candid remarks and manner had a lot to do with her worldwide appeal. - Diana fought to make her sons realise that the old British way of “keeping a stiff upper lip” was not expected of them. She tried to encourage them to express their feelings when they were upset telling them gently that there was nothing wrong with letting their true emotions emerge. - Diana was a caring, generous and warm-hearted individual with a tireless and relentless need to help others. XX. Match the English proverbs given below with their Russian equivalents. Speak on the situations when one can use them.
XXI. a) You are going to read an article about the changing state of the family. Look at the following statements and check the meaning of the words in bold in your dictionary or with your teacher. q More young people are moving away from home and leaving their family roots. q Marriage is becoming less important to many young people. q Families are spending less time together. q The divorce rate is rising. q More parents are bringing their children up alone without a partner. q More women are having careers rather than starting families. q The average family is getting smaller as the birthrate falls. b) In groups, discuss which of these things are happening in your country and why. XXII. Read the article and tick þ the topics above if they are mentioned. A Quiet Revolution? As divorce rates rise and fewer couples bother with marriage, we ask if the traditional nuclear family is becoming a thing of the past. While you are reading this article, somewhere in the United States two couples will get married and another will get divorced. One in three American children now lives with only one parent, and the United States is not alone in this: in Canada and France the divorce rate has doubled in the last twenty-five years, and in Hungary and Greece it has increased by 50 %. Even in Japan, where the traditional family is still strong, divorce went up by 15 % between 1980 and 1995. What is more, the nature of the fatally is changing. In Sweden and Denmark, around half of all babies are now born to unmarried parents, and in the United Kingdom and France more than a third. Even in Ireland, traditionally the most Catholic country in Europe, the rate of birth outside marriage is 20 %. Families are also getting smaller. The average Turkish family had seven members in 1970; today it has only five. And in Spain and Italy, where families were always traditionally large, the birthrate was the lowest in the developed world in 1995. This fall in the birthrate is due in part to the fact that, as more women have careers, they are waiting longer and longer to start a family. The age at which the average woman has her first baby is now 28 in Western Europe, and it is getting later. So the nuclear family is clearly changing, but is it in danger of disappearing completely? The truth is that it is still too early to tell. In some countries these patterns are actually reversing. In the United States, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, the birth-rate is rising once more; and in Denmark for example, marriage is becoming more popular again. In the United States the divorce rate in fact fell by 10 % between 1980 and 1990, and it is continuing to fall. Perhaps a new revolution is beginning? XXIII. Read the article again. Which ONE of the following statements is NOT true according to the information in the main text? a) Although there is not very much divorce in Japan, there is more than before. b) Although Ireland is strongly Catholic, quite a lot of Irish people are now having children without getting married. c) Although families in Spain and Italy were often big in the past, these days they are becoming smaller. d) Although a lot of people in France have children without getting married, marriage is becoming more popular there again now. e) Although there are a lot of divorces in the United States, there are not as many as there were fifteen or twenty years ago. Review I. Make up a dialogue about your family (relatives, their names, age, place of birth/residence, occupation, hobby, appearance, character). II. Speak about your family. (Use the same plan as that in task I). You may use these sentences and expressions: 1. Before I start talking about my family let me introduce myself. 2. And now I’m going to tell you about my family. 3. To begin with… 4. To tell the truth… 5. And finally a few words about… 6. Put it into a few words… Higher Education Education as a Way of Life Every year on September 1 we get into a festive mood as children go back to school, and students to colleges, institutes, and universities after the summer vacations. On this day, many feel an inner tension, wondering whether they have made the right choice. The reason is that the Russian system of education has over the last decade offered numerous and diverse forms of study the contents of which were not always clear Confronted with a deluge of information, every young person making an intelligent choice of a future career seeks for themselves an educational niche that would help them keep afloat in the stormy sea of information. More and more young Russians have been going abroad every year to get a higher education. Do they always make the correct decision? Does our system of higher education lag so far behind that of the West? We put these and some other questions to Academician and Professor Natalya Nesterova, rector of the Natalya Nesterova University, one of the oldest and best known private institutions of higher learning in Russia. It became known recently that your graduates get diplomas recognized in the United States. Could you elaborate on this? We have a special accord with an independent U.S. expert organization that determines whether our education meets American requirements. In a few days’ time we expect to receive the first batch of certificates from them to be awarded to this year’s graduates. This will enable our students to find worthy employment abroad if they wish. But the main reason why we agreed to have our study program examined by a U.S. commission of experts is to enhance the prestige of Russia’s system of higher education, seeking its recognition in other countries. We are now negotiating on this issue with some advanced European nations. Thus, we insist that our universities are not necessarily inferior to their overseas counterparts, that education in Russia is one of the best in the world. Joke During an examination before Christmas one of the students did not know how to answer the question, “What causes a depression?” - so he wrote: “God knows! I don't. Merry Christmas!” When the examination paper came back, the student saw that the professor had written on his paper: “God gets 100, you get zero. Happy New Year!” to get 100 - получить самую высокую оценку zero - самая низкая оценка My Flat We live in a new 16-storeyed block of flats in Strogino. It’s situated in a very picturesque place not far from the Moskva River. There’s a big supermarket on the ground floor and it’s very convenient to do every day shopping. Our flat is on the fifth floor. It’s very comfortable and well-planned. We have all modern conveniences, such as central heating, electricity, gas, cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat. There's also a balcony and we can enjoy a lovely view of the river. The largest room in our flat is the living room and we use it as a dining room and as a sitting room. In the middle of the room there is a big table and six chairs round it. Opposite the window there is a wall unit with lots of books, a TV-set and a videocassette recorder. There are two comfortable armchairs and a small coffee table in the right-hand corner. There is also a sofa and an electric fire in our living room. We like the living room best of all, because in the evenings we gather there to have tea, watch TV, talk and rest. My room is the smallest room in our flat, but it is very cosy and light. There is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk, an armchair and several bookshelves in my room. There is a thick carpet on the floor. The walls in my room are light-brown and there are some big posters on them. I like my room very much, but from time to time I change it round. I quite often move the bed and change the posters on the wall. Our kitchen is large and light. It is very well equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a freezer, a microwave oven, a coffeemaker and a toaster. We haven’t got a dishwasher yet, because it is very expensive. But I’m sure we shall buy it in the nearest future. Exercises: I. Complete the following sentences using the text: 1) There are… in the right-hand corner. 2) Our smallest room is very… 3) I have a flat in a new… 4) There are… rooms in my flat. 5) We have… in our kitchen. 6) … because in the evenings we gather there. 7) I like… very much, but from time to time… 8) … there is a wall unit. 9) We have no dishwasher, because… 10) My flat is very… II. Give English equivalents for the following words and use them in the sentences of your own: а) 16-ти этажный, многоквартирный дом, первый этаж, удобный, современные удобства, центральное отопление, электричество, водопровод, жилая комната, кухня, столовая, гостиная, стенка (мебельная), левый угол, уютный; б) не далеко от, больше всего, время от времени, довольно часто, в ближайшем будущем, быть уверенным, вид на…, быть расположенным. III. Translate into English: 1) Я живу в 15 (10, 8, 5, 1) -этажном доме. 2) Я живу недалеко от Иртыша, но далеко от центра города. (The centre of the city (Br.); Downtown (Am.)). 3) Мой дом расположен в живописном месте. 4) Я живу на первом (2, 5, 9) этаже. 5) Моя квартира очень комфортабельная и хорошо спланирована. 6) У нас в квартире есть все современные удобства. 7) У нас есть электричество, газ, водопровод, центральное отопление. 8) Наша квартира состоит из кухни, прихожей, ванной комнаты, жилой комнаты и двух спален. 9) У нас в квартире есть столовая, гостиная и спальня. 10) Напротив окна находится журнальный столик и два кресла. 11) В правом углу жилой комнаты расположен удобный диван. 12) По воскресеньям мы собираемся в нашей столовой, чтобы поужинать вместе. (to have supper) 13) Моя комната самая маленькая, и я время от времени делаю в ней перестановку. 14) Наша кухня очень удобная и хорошо оборудована. IV. Give equivalents to the following sentences using the text: 1) I live in a new five-storeyed block of flats. 2) My house is situated not far from the market, so it's very convenient to do shopping. 3) There is a lovely view of the river from my window. 4) We have not all modern conveniences: there is electricity, gas, central heating and no telephone in our flat. 5) We often use our living room as a sitting room and as a dining room. V. Answer the questions: 1) What house do you live in? 2) Where is it situated? 3) What is situated not far from your house? 4) Is there a shop on the ground floor? 5) What floor is your flat on? 6) What modern conveniences have you? 7) How many rooms does your flat consist of? 8) Have you a balcony? What view is there from your balcony (window)? 9) What are the largest and the smallest rooms in your flat? 10) What is there in the left-hand corner of your living room? 11) What is there in the right-hand corner of your bedroom? 12) What is there in your bedroom? 13) Do you change your room round quite often? 14) Is your kitchen well-equipped? 15) What is there in your kitchen? VI. a) Study the following words: – 1 –
– 2 –
– 3 –
– 4 –
b) Translate the sentences using the words from this exercise: 1) У моей бабушки двухкомнатная квартира в новом квартале. 2) Он живет в студенческом общежитии. 3) Его кабинет хорошо оборудован, в нем современная удобная мебель. 4) В углу нашей спальни стоит большой книжный шкаф, а напротив него – письменный стол. 5) В центре нашей гостиной стоит широкий обеденный стол. 6) У нас в спальне над туалетным столиком висит красивое антикварное зеркало. 7) На полу в жилой комнате у нас дорогой ковер. 8) У окна стоит письменный стол и табурет. VII. Ask each other about your flats. Begin your questions in the following way:
VIII. Describe the room on the picture.
IX. Read the dialogues and find English equivalents for the following word-combinations: свой собственный дом; снимать квартиру; хозяйка дома или квартиры, сдаваемых внаем; квартирная плата; кондиционирование; выходить на (об окнах); высотный дом; частный дом. – 1 – - I’m glad to meet you, Mr. Denissov. I’d like to make friends with you. Please put down my address. I’ll be happy to receive a letter from you. - And you must write down mine. I’ll gladly correspond with you. - Robert W. Scott, 16, East Street, Salisbury ['sOlzbqrI], England. - Thank you, Mr. Scott. Now put down my address. Andrei P. Denissov, House 15, Flat 80, Matrossov Street, Tambov, Russia. If you write the address in Russian, you’ll have to change the order of names. - Thank you very much. Well, I know that. I’ll send you a postcard as soon as I return to Britain. – 2 – - I’m sorry, Mr. Scott, but when you gave your address you failed to mention the number of your flat. What is it? - That’s right. I didn’t mention because I haven’t got one. I live in a small house. - I see. Is it your own house or do you rent it? - I have a house of my own. I inherited it from my parents. – 3 – - I say, Harry, have you got a home of your own or do you rent a flat? - I rent a room from a landlady. - Is your rent high? - Very high. Rents in Britain keep going up. I have to move from one district to another searching for lower rents. – 4 – - What kind of home do you live in, Mr. Denissov? - I live in a four-room flat with all the modern conveniences including air-conditioning. Two of the rooms overlook the river. - Is your apartment as Americans say in a tall block? - Yes, I live in a new multistoried block of flats of experimental design. - You Russian people are progressing pretty fast in housing construction. I say this as a civil engineer. Travelling over your country I saw thousands of nice-looking private houses cropping up around big towns and industrial centres. - Yes, I for one am also building a country summer house on a river, a dacha as Russians say. X. Make up special questions to the sentences: 1) My address is: House 56, Flat 71, Lenin Street, Omsk, Russia. 2) I rent a house from a private landlord. 3) I live in London. 4) I live in flat 52. 5) I have a four-room flat in a new block. XI. Answer the questions: 1) What town (city) do you live in? 2) Do you live in the student hostel or at home? 3) Does your family rent a flat or do you have a home of your own? 4) What is your address? 5) Is the flat you have good for your family? 6) Do you live in a private house? 7) What can you say about the living conditions of Russian students? 8) What can you say about the rent in Britain? 9) What can you say about the housing problems in Russian? 10) What can you say about the privatisation of flats and houses in our country? XII. a) Read the advertisements and describe the flats to let. To Let A separate flat facing the river on the second floor, central heating, hot water, a bathroom, a big kitchen, a spacious living-room with three large windows, a bedroom. All the rooms are furnished and in perfect order. The landlady is middle-aged, friendly, kind, always willing to help. The rent is $100 a month. A separate room on the fifth floor for a single man, with furniture and a separate bathroom. There is a desk, three chairs, a sofa, a TV-set and a bookcase. The telephone is in the hall. There is no lift. The room is small but warm and cosy. The rent is only $50 a month. b) Imagine that you are a landlord (landlady), make up your own advertisement about the flat (room) you rent. XIII. Make up dialogues on the following situations: - You want to correspond with your friend, so you have to exchange your addresses. - You want to know as much as possible about the home of your friend who lives in a student hostel. - You are discussing the living conditions of your friend who lives in a modern block of flats. XIV. Describe your own flat or the house you live in. XV. Translate and discuss the following texts: A. The majority of the British population live in small houses built close together. A typical house of this kind is built with two floors. The front door, which faces the street, opens into a hall with two rooms, one on each side of the hall. One of them is the dining-room the other may be called the sitting-room or the living-room. The most modern name for this room is the lounge. The rooms upstairs are bedrooms; they are often very small. Often the dining-room is the most comfortable room in the house, and the one that is used all the time. The other members of the family bring their hobbies and games to the table. Very many houses of this type were built in British cities in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Today the land on which they stand has become very valuable and the owners either sell it, or pull down the old houses and build large blocks of flats. In this way the owners make more money. Many British people give their suburban house a name, such as the Cedars, the Poplars, the Rhubarb Cottage, even though there are no trees or vegetables in their gardens. People of high social position have country houses with names, so a house with a name seems “better” than a house with a number. Numbers make the postman’s work much easier, but this is not important. B. My friend spent a day in an English family. This is what she wrote to me about her visit. “… Before coming to England, I had read that the English were not very hospitable. A well-known proverb says that an Englishman’s house is his castle. So you understand I brighter and more organised. The house itself is a two-storeyed brick structure with lots of flowers in front of the main door. On the ground floor they have a dining-room, a lounge and a kitchen. The French window of the lounge opens into a green lawn. The lawn is extremely smooth. As Paddy explained, it had taken the English many centuries to make their lawns look so beautiful. On the first floor there are their bedrooms, a library and a room for guests, which is very often occupied. On both floors there are bathrooms and lavatories. I want to emphasize that the house is not big, the lounge being the largest. I had a marvellous time in this family! They all were so friendly and well-disposed towards me that soon I began to feel at home. With such hospitable and sociable people as the Weldings, the time passed very quickly. In the evening they took me for a drink to the local pub. The pub I’ve been to occupies the ground floor of an average two-storeyed house. It consists of several rooms that are furnished by comfortable arm-chairs and small tables. In the corner of one of the rooms there’s a colour TV-set. In fact, the pub is the place where you can just sit and have a glass of beer and have a chat with your friend. I enjoyed my visit to an English family. And I think there were tears in the women’s eyes when we were saying good-bye. But on the other hand, they did not ask me to come once more or to give them my home address; they did not give me their address either. So I still wonder if the Englishman’s house is his castle. My Working Day I am a first-year student of the Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy. Not long ago I finished school. In July I took my entrance examinations, passed them well and was admitted. My dream has come true and I am happy. As a rule, on weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 6.30 and my working day begins. I'm not an early riser, that's why it's very difficult for me to get out of bed, especially in winter. I air the room, switch on my tape-recorder and do my morning exercises to music. Then I go to the bathroom, take a warm shower, brush my teeth and shave. After that I go to my bedroom to get dressed. Usually my mother makes breakfast for me. But when she is away on business or just doesn't have to get up early I make breakfast myself. While having breakfast I listen to the latest news on the radio. I leave the house at about 7.30 and go to the nearest bus stop. I usually walk to the Institute. It takes me half an hour to get there. But sometimes when I get up later than usual I go to the Institute by bus. On my way I read a book or a newspaper. My classes begin at 8.20 and I arrive at the Institute at 8 sharp. I usually have three or four lectures. During the break I go to the canteen and have lunch. For the first course I sometimes take milk soup. For the second course I take roast or stewed meet or beefsteak with mashed potatoes. For sweet I always take a cup of coffee. The classes are over at 13.05. Occasionally I have to stay at the Institute till 5 o'clock. So, by the end of the week I get very tired. All I can do on Sundays is to sleep till 11 o'clock, watch TV, listen to the music and read books. And I still always look forward to my next working day because I like to study. I think I get a lot of useful experience. Exercises: I. Read the words:
II. Complete the following sentences: 1) In July… 2) The alarm-clock… 3) It's difficult… 4) In the morning I… 5) I do my morning exercises… 6) I sometimes… myself. 7) While… I listen to… 8) At about 7.30 I… 9) It… to get to the Institute. 10) I go to the Institute… 11) … I read. 12) At 8.20… 13) During the break… 14) At 13.05… 15) By the end of the week… III. Give English equivalents for the following words and use them in the sentences or situations of your own: среди недели, готовить завтрак, вставать (просыпаться), завтракать, будить, под музыку, обедать, приходить в, добираться автобусом, по дороге, на первое, на третье, оставаться в, до 5-ти часов, мне приходится, с нетерпением дожидаться, заканчиваться. IV. Make up sentences: 1) am, an, riser, a, as, I, not, early, rule. 2) to, takes, dressed, five, it, set, me, minutes. 3) days, early, always, get, working, I, on, my, up. 4) Academy, go, the, by, to, usually, tram, I. 5) at, I, at, to, arrive, the, minutes, five, Academy, nine, usually. 6) I, a, to, up, as, have, early, get, rule, very. 7) very, on, I, tired, weekdays, got, usually. 8) to, I, my, look, day, always, working, forward. 9) at, my, are, one, over, half, usually, classes, past. V. Make up sentences:
VI. Translate the sentences: 1) По воскресеньям я обычно встаю рано утром. 2) Среди недели мои родители будят меня в 6:30. 3) Мне трудно готовить завтрак самому. 4) Мне трудно делать зарядку, особенно рано утром. 5) Когда я ужинаю, я слушаю музыку. 6) Мне приходится обедать в институте. 7) Когда я завтракаю, я смотрю телевизор. 8) Когда мой отец ужинает, он читает газеты. 9) На дорогу в институт у меня уходит 30 минут (1,5 часа, 1 час). 10) Я добираюсь до института на автобусе. 11) Мне приходится добираться до института на троллейбусе. 12) Я обычно остаюсь в институте до 3-х часов. 13) Сегодня мне придется остаться в институте до 5-ти часов. 14) Я с нетерпением дожидаюсь выходных. VII. Answer the questions: 1) When do you get up on weekdays? 2) When does the alarm-clock wake you up? 3) Are you an early riser? 4) Do you do your morning exercises every day? 5) Do you take a cold shower in the morning? 6) Who makes breakfast for you? 7) Do you read newspapers (listen to the radio; watch TV) while having breakfast? 8) What do you do after breakfast? 9) Is your house far from the Institute? 10) When do you leave the house for the Institute? 11) How do you usually get to the Institute? 12) How long does it take you to get there? 13) What do you usually do on your way to the Institute? 14) When do your classes begin? 15) When do you arrive at the Institute? 16) What do you usually do during the break? 17) When are your classes over? 18) How long do you have to stay at the Institute? 19) When do you come home from the Institute? 20) What do you do when you come home from the Institute? 21) Do you get tired by the end of your working day? 22) What do you do in the evenings? 23) When do you go to bed on weekdays? 24) What do you do on Sundays? 25) Do you look forward to your next working day? VIII. Read the supplementary words and word combinations:
IX. Answer the questions using the word-combinations from the previous exercise: 1) Do you regularly do your morning exercises? 2) Do you wash your face and hands with soap in the morning? 3) How many times a day do you clean your teeth with a toothpaste? 4) Who usually makes your bed? 5) How long does it take you to comb your hair in the morning? 6) Are you always short of time in the mornings? Why? 7) Do you go to the Institute on foot? 8) What bus do you usually take to get to the Institute? 9) Are you always (sometimes, never) late for your classes? 10) Do you cope with all the subjects at the Institute? 11) Who does shopping in your family? 12) Who usually does your room (flat)? 13) When did you fall asleep yesterday? 14) Do you have a good time on weekends? 15) What do you always (sometimes, never) do on your days off? X. a) British and American people speak the same language – right? Wrong. Although they both speak English, there are a lot of differences between the two varieties of English. Here are two descriptions of one and the same day, but written in British and American English. Read these texts and try to notice differences between them. A. (Great Britain). I got up at half past seven. After my bath I had breakfast with my parents on the terrace. Our flat is on the fifteenth floor, so the view is terrific. At eight o'clock my mum and I took the lift to the car park under our block of flats. First we stopped for petrol, and then she drove me to school. The motor way was very busy - cars everywhere. School was OK, except that we had a maths exam before break. I think I failed it. Anyway, after school I took a bus to the city centre to meet my sister, Susan. She became a primary school teacher after she left university. We went out for dinner to a Chinese restaurant. I ordered chips. After sweet and coffee we left. It was raining and the pavements were wet. At home I did some history homework for the next day, watched a film on the TV and went to bed at about half past eleven. I was very tired. Vocabulary:
В. (The USA). Read this text without dictionary. I got up at seven-thirty. After my bath I ate breakfast with my parents on the deck. Our apartment is on the sixteenth floor, so the view is terrific. At eight o'clock my mom and I took the elevator to the parking lot underneath our apartment block. First we stopped for gas, and then she drove me to school. The freeway was very busy - automobiles everywhere. School was OK except that we had a math test before recess. I think I flunked it. Anyway, after school I took a bus downtown to meet my sister, Susan. She became a grade school teacher after she left college. We ate out at a Chinese restaurant. I ordered french-fries. After dessert and coffee we left. It was raining and the sidewalks were wet. At home I did a history assignment for the next day, watched a movie on TV and went to bed around eleven-thirty. I was pooped. Be careful while reading the following words:
b) Now copy the table into your notebook and fill it in:
XII. Speak on your own working day. Environmental Protection Ecological problems are among the greatest facing the world today. Ways of resolving them are sought by many countries and by the world community as a whole. Nowadays numerous sciences join together to regulate the interrelations between man and nature. Man uses natural resources as the material for his creative work, and nature itself as his workshop. But he will cease to be HOMO SAPIENS if he doesn't think about the consequences that may be brought by his transforming activities. While creating machines and technologies, which save time and effort, people “consume” mountains and forests, overuse water resources, let myriads of factory stacks contaminate the atmosphere. Technological progress can often overstep the line when it becomes an enemy of the natural resources. Billions of tons of raw materials are processed by the world’s industries every year. Millions of tons of smoke and dust are discharged every year into the atmosphere. One of the most significant changes in the earth’s atmosphere is that, which began with the industrial revolution in the last century. Industry demanded coal and oil, and we began to burn lots of it, so raising the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air. Today the concentration of CO2 is increasing rapidly each year. The scientists state that high levels of CO2 will lead to the greenhouse effect slowly warming the earth’s climate. Air pollution has been going at a fast rate. The smokes discharged by factories are carried by winds hundreds and thousands of km. away from industrial areas. On contacting atmospheric moisture, compounds of sulphur and nitrogen turn into acid. Acid rains affect open-air plants, small animals, the amount of fish, the quality of forests, etc. The heaviest impact has been on the world ocean and inland water bodies, such as lakes and rivers. Water pollution is a serious problem at the present time, as fast-growing cities discharge increasing amount of factory effluents into rivers. Because of extensive extraction of oil, the world ocean is getting heavily polluted. The world’s forests, which maintain the air and water balance on the planet, are also at risk. Tropical forests, account for 60 per cent of the world forests. The rate of the tropical timber production has already gone to 20 hectares per minute. At such speed vast territories of forests may even disappear soon. Industrial waste gets into the soil of underneath large cities. All these factors affect human health. A rapid spreading of diseases and growing number of cancer deaths are the consequences of environment pollution.
The rapid growth of towns, traffic and population also influence the pollution of air, water, soils and vegetation. These impacts are felt at a distance some 40-50 times greater than the city radius. The usage of motorcars is also harmful from the point of view of air pollution. Among numerous ways of solving the ecological problems are the purification of industrial effluents and the development of low-waste, waste-free and resource-saving technologies. Nuclear power can be an alternative to solid fuels, but lots of people are against the nuclear power engineering, especially after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Nowadays motor vehicles are being equipped with special devices to neutralize engine fumes. Industrial enterprises undergo ecological inspection. Trees are being planted in the cities. Environmental protection is an important question in the state policies of all countries in the world. But one should remember that the world's ecological balance depends on every person particularly. Each of us must take a greater responsibility for our environment. Notes:
Exercises: I. Read the following words:
II. Complete the sentences: 1) Millions of tons of smoke… 2) One of the most significant changes in the atmosphere is… 3) … lead to the greenhouse effect. 4) Acid rains affect… 5) Because of extensive extraction of oil… 6) … has gone to 20 hectares per minute. 7) … influence the pollution of air, water and soils. 8) … are the main ways of solving ecological problems. III. Find equivalents for the following word-combinations and use them in the sentences of your own: регулировать взаимоотношения, последствия, экономить время, истощать ресурсы, выбрасывать в атмосферу, потепление климата, загрязнение воды, понижаться до 1/3, быть в опасности, здоровье человека, быть против, защита окружающей среды. IV. Read the following passages and formulate their main ideas: 1. The term ecology was coined in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel from two ancient Greek words: óikos (house, dwelling) and logos (science). Today, the term has been extended to denote a complex of science dealing above all with the interrelations between man and nature. Early in the beginning of the 20th century, Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky (1863-1945) pioneered work on the problems of optimizing relations between society and nature. It was largely to his work that the concept of man’s absolute domination of nature has given way to that of relations between equal partners. 2. One of the most famous lakes in Russia is Lake Baikal. It's the world's deepest freshwater lake. The volume of its water body is about 23,000 cubic kilometres. Lake Baikal is approximately 25 million years old. It is entered by 336 rivers. The wildlife of Lake Baikal is diverse – there are over 1,200 animal and 600 plant species in the area. That's why in '80s the whole country became involved in the debates on the future of Lake Baikal. There was a need for a compromise between the economic and the environmental interests. So, the territory surrounding the lake was given the status of reserve. From 1988 on, no commercial tree-felling has been permitted there. The timber-producing industries in the area have been reorganized to maintain and reproduce stock. 3. The Caspian Sea is unique in its natural features and commercial importance. It yields 90 per cent of the world's catch of sturgeon. But the water reserves of the Caspian Sea are being overused. The indiscriminate industrial utilization of the rivers run-off and extensive irrigation programmes have reached a critical point. The sea is reported to "self-cure", but there occurred a natural rise of the water level only to 27.9 m below ocean level – still, to preserve the unique stock of sturgeon fish, the Caspian Sea level should not be below 28.5m. 4. Four-fifths of Russia's forest reserves are in Siberia and the Far East. The fact that the Siberian forests are not inexhaustible has not been fully realized. The best forest lands located in the southern parts of the region and adjacent to the Trans-Siberian railway have been substantially cleared. In the past 40 years these forests have lost nearly 40 per cent of pine stock and most of their cedar. 5. There is a great diversity of wildlife in Russia. The country has about 100,000 species of plants and up to 130,000 species of animals. Human interference has had a considerable impact upon the abundance and composition of wildlife: some species became extinct, or decreased in number. Information on the rare species can be found in the Red Data Book. V. Answer the questions using the information from the previous exercises: 1) What does the term ecology mean? 3) What is Lake Baikal famous for? 3) What do you know about the problems concerning the Caspian Sea? 4) What is the Red Data Book necessary for? 5) Why is the problem of forest protection important nowadays? VI. Translate and render the article (magazine “The Economist”, May 30, 1992). Nature is no respecter of national boundaries. Across those dotted lines on the globe, winds blow, rivers flow and migrating species walk or fly. Such problems pose new issues for diplomats and economists. Reaching agreement often means resolving conflicting goals and priorities. Even among countries of similar wealth, environmental goals may differ: think of the rows with Iceland and Japan over whaling, or the reluctance of Britain to curb sulphur dioxide from power stations. International agreement is the best way to solve environmental problems that transcend national borders. These are of three main kinds. First, neighbouring countries may share part of the environment: a river such as the Rhine or the Jordan, a stretch of water such as the Mediterranean or the Great Lakes. Regional problems – acid rain is one example – fall into this category. Second, some environmental resources, such as the atmosphere, the oceans and Antarctica, are shared by the whole planet. The build-up of climate-changing greenhouse gases, the thinning of the ozone layer and the killing of whales fall into this group. Lastly, some environmental assets clearly belong to individual countries, but their future may affect others, in either material or (more often) spiritual and emotional ways. The disappearance of coral reefs or elephants may not show up as more than a microscopic blip on gross world product, but it gives people in many countries a sense of loss. The best way to protect wildlife is by international agreement. Wildlife protection was, indeed, the goals of some of the earliest environmental treaties. Under a treaty of 1911, Japan and Britain (on behalf of Canada) agreed to stop pelagic sealing. In exchange, they were guaranteed a share of the seals killed by the other two countries at their island breeding-grounds. The arrangement was a success. Having fallen to about 300,000 in 1911, seal numbers recovered to over 2m by the 1950s. T
b) Look at more vocabulary from the text in the box below. Ask other people in your class for the meanings of the words you don’t know. Then look up the words in a dictionary. How do you pronounce the words? Which words have more than one meaning?
c) Read the beginning and the end of a story entitled The Great Whale’s Mistake. In groups, invent a possible storyline. A mother whale and a father whale were swimming along the coast with their adolescent son whale when the mother saw a school of people on the beach…
…The young whale was so excited by this news that he spouted, and the people on the shore saw it and cried, ‘Whales!’ and somebody threw a beer bottle at them. The whales made for the deep distant water and later that night as they drifted off the Gulf Stream admiring the stars a large ship passed by and spilled oil over them, but they remained at peace with the world as it was, and afterwards dreamed of the unfortunate people far behind them making rubbish through the sweet summer night. d) Read the whole story once quickly and try to summarize it in one sentence. The Great Whale’s Mistake A mother whale and a father whale were swimming along the coast with their adolescent son whale when the mother saw a school of people on the beach. ‘What’s that?’ asked the son whale, who had never seen a school of people before, or even a person on his own. ‘People, son,’ said the father whale. ‘You see them all up and down this coast at this time of year. They cover themselves with oil and lie up there on the sand and boil themselves until they sizzle.’ ‘But they’re such little things,’ said the son whale. I’ll bet I could swallow one whole and have him live in my stomach’. His mother said she would not want her stomach filled with anything that had been boiled in oil and had sand all over it. As well as that, she said, it would be very unhealthy because they were filled with smoke and hot dogs. ‘What do people do?’ asked they young whale. ‘They sit on the beach and stare at the ocean,’ the father whale said. ‘And they eat hot dogs.’ The mother whale said that they also walked in the ocean now and again for a short time and splashed around in such a clumsy manner that the fish had to get out of their way. ‘They seem to be useless,’ said the son whale. ‘Why did the Great Whale make people anyway?’ ‘Son,’ said me father whale, ‘no creature in the Great Whale’s universe exists without a purpose. If the Great Whale made people it was for a good reason.’ ‘Maybe people are the Great Whale’s way of keeping down the hot dog population,’ the young whale suggested. ‘There are some things,’ said the mother whale, ‘that even whales can’t understand. We must accept the world as it is and live at peace with it.’ The father whale drew their attention to a small group of people who had moved away from the school and were getting into a metal box on wheels. When they were all inside the metal box moved along the beach, throwing up a great cloud of sand and destroying vegetation and birds’ nests. ‘What are they doing now?’ asked the son whale. ‘Making rubbish,’ said the father whale. ‘People make almost all the rubbish in the world and they use those little moving boxes to do it.’ He showed his son the dark gases which came out of the box. ‘And inside the box,’ he said, ‘they are also preparing more rubbish.’ At that moment six beer cans came flying out of the box, followed by a bag containing a half-eaten hot dog, a mustard jar, some banana peel and an empty plastic body-oil container. ‘Maybe that’s the reason the Great Whale made people,’ said the young whale. ‘To make rubbish.’ ‘The world doesn’t need rubbish,’ growled the father whale. ‘Now, now,’ said the mother whale, who was always uneasy when religion was mentioned, ‘we must accept the world as it is and learn to live at peace with it.’ ‘Sometimes,’ said the father whale, ‘I think the Great Whale doesn’t know what he’s doing.’ ‘Your father has been very sensitive about rubbish,’ the mother whale explained, ‘ever since he dived into 800 tons of fresh sludge which had been dumped off the coast. He smelled disgusting for weeks.’ The young whale was so excited by this news that he spouted, and the people on the shore saw it and cried, ‘Whales!’ and somebody threw a beer bottle at them. The whales made for the deep distant water and later that night as they drifted off the Gulf Stream admiring the stars a large ship passed by and spilled oil over them, but they remained at peace with the world as it was, and afterwards dreamed of the unfortunate people far behind them making rubbish through the sweet summer night. (The Great Whale’s Mistake by Russell Baker) e) Look at the definitions below and match them to words from the last two paragraphs of the story. i) n a measurement of weight equal in Britain to 2,240 pounds. ii) n 1 thick mud. 2 the product of waste (sewage) treatment. iii) v to drop or unload (something) in a heap or carelessly. iv) v to throw or come out in a forceful stream. f) Read the story more carefully and answer the following questions. 1) Why do you think the whales refer to a ‘school’ of people? 2) Why are people useless, according to the young whale? 3) Why do people exist, according to the young whale? 4) What do you think the ‘Great Whale’ is? 5) What is the mother’s view of the world? 6) What do you think the ‘metal box on wheels’ is? g) Discuss the following. 1) What is the ‘Great Whale’s Mistake’? 2) How does the writer make us feel sympathetic to the whales? 3) How would you respond to the whales’ criticism of the people? 4) Find any examples of humour in the text.
VIII. Imagine you are a “Green Peace” member. Study carefully the following real “Green Peace” member letter and some statistics, prepare three TV presentations and act them before your group mates: a) In defence of world forests. February 28, 2001 Dear Friends: The Brazilian congress is now voting on a project that will reduce the Amazon forest to 50% of its size. This letter will take 1 min to read. Please put your names on the list below and forward this on. The area to be deforested is 4 times the size of Portugal and would be mainly used for agriculture and pastures for livestock. All the wood is to be sold to international markets in the form of wood chips, by multinational companies. The truth is that the soil in the Amazon forest is useless without the forest itself. Its quality is very acidic and the region is prone to constant floods. At this time more than 160,000 square kilometers deforested with the same purpose are abandoned and in the process of becoming deserts. Deforestation (and the subsequent processing of the woodchips) on this scale will also release a huge amount of carbon (which is currently locked up in the wood) back into the atmosphere worsening the problem of climate change. We cannot let this happen. Copy the text into a new e-mail, put your complete name in the list below, and send to everyone you know. If you are the 300th person to sign please send a copy to: [email protected]. Thank you. For as the days of a tree, - The total area of the planet's forests is 4 billion hectares. - One hectare of forests generates enough oxygen for 200 people to breathe. - It has been calculated that a quarter of the world population breathes the oxygen generated by Russian forests. - The world softwood reserves are 100 billion m3, while the total timber reserves are estimated at 300 billion m3. - Every person utilizes an average of 100 m3 of wood during a life-span. b) Against car expansion. Your car is killing the Earth:
The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75 million m3 of polluted air. During its life one car produces: 44.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide; 325 kg of carbon monoxide; 4.8 kg of sulphur dioxide; 36 kg of hydrocarbons; 46.8 kg of nitrogen dioxide; 29 kg of various chemicals from the tyres and brakes When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth. The building of roads, motorways and car parks produces a large quantity of pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much. The statistics above are for one car. There are now approximately 500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these numbers by 500 million. That gives, for example, more than 22 billion tones of CO2 in ten years! Environmental Engineering Environmental Engineering is the development of process and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal1 of waste2, and the control of pollution of all kinds. These endeavours3 protect public health by preventing disease transmission, and they preserve the quality of the environment by averting4 the contamination5 and degradation6 of air, water, and land resources. Environmental engineering is a field of broad scope that draws on such disciplines as chemistry, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, economics, and mathematics. It was traditionally a specialized field within civil engineering and was called sanitary engineering until the mid-1960s, when the more accurate name environmental engineering was adopted. Projects in environmental engineering involve the treatment and distribution of drinking water; the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater; the control of air and noise pollution; the management of municipal solid waste and of hazardous waste; the cleanup of hazardous-waste sites; and the preparation of environmental assessments, audits, and impact studies. Mathematical modelling and computer analysis are widely used to evaluate and design the systems required for such tasks. Chemical and mechanical engineers may also be involved in the process. Environmental engineers’ functions include applied research and teaching; project planning and management; the design, construction, and operation of facilities; the sale and marketing of environmental control equipment; and the enforcement of environmental standards and regulations. The education of environmental engineers usually involves graduate-level course work, though some colleges and universities allow undergraduates to specialize or take elective courses in the environmental field. Programs offering associate (two-year) degrees are also available for training environmental technicians. In the public sector, environmental engineers are employed by national and regional environmental agencies, local health departments, and municipal engineering and public works departments. In the private sector, they are employed by consulting engineering firms, construction contractors, water and sewerage utility companies, and manufacturing industries.
_______________________________________________ 1. Избавление; устранение; 2. Лом, обрезки, отбросы, отходы, угар; нечистоты, сточные воды; 3. Попытка, старание; стремление; 4. Предотвращение, предохранение, предупреждение; 5. Загрязнение, порча; 6. Упадок, деградация; ухудшение b) Answer the following questions after the text. 1) Give a definition of Environmental Engineering. 2) What other disciplines are close to Environmental Engineering. 3) When did the name “Environmental Engineering” appear? 4) Enumerate the functions of environmental engineer. 5) What can you tell about environmental engineers’ education? 6) Where do environmental engineers work? 7) What services perform environmental engineers’ job in Russia? Содержание 1. My Family.................................................................................. 3 Unit I: Meet My Family.............................................................. 3 Unit II: Appearance................................................................... 15 Unit III: Human Qualities......................................................... 22 Review....................................................................................... 32 2. Higher Education.............................................................. 33 Unit I: Higher Education in Russia......................................... 33 Unit II: Higher Education Abroad........................................... 49 3. My Flat..................................................................................... 53 4. My Working Day.................................................................. 62 5. Environmental Protection........................................ 68
[1] In Russia people also have three names: the first name, the surname and the patronymic. [2] Существует определенная трудность в передаче на английский язык ряда терминов, относящихся к Российской системе высшего образования. Использование слова institute не совсем удачно, поскольку в Великобритании в значении «институт» оно почти не используется. Весьма близко по смыслу к «институту» слово “ college”, однако далеко не каждый college в Англии или США – высшее учебное заведение. Поэтому при общении с носителем языка следует, опираясь все же на термин institute, давать объяснения или дублирующие варианты (например, institute of building/ college of building/ institute of civil engineering). [3] разрушение, распад; дезинтеграция [4] крепостной, раб [5] законодательный акт [6] а) образец, модель б) пример (для подражания), образчик [7] утилитарный [8] светский, нецерковный [9] деревенский, сельский [10] крестьянин, сельский житель [11] приходский [12] канцелярский, конторский [13] вредный, пагубный, губительный; тлетворный [14] издать предписание, издавать декрет [15] обучение, преподавание [16] назначение, предназначение, [17] участь, доля, судьба [18] горожане [19] джентри, нетитулованное мелкопоместное дворянство [20] освобождение, высвобождение, раскрепощение; эмансипация [21] вводить в действие; открывать (памятник, выставку и т. п.) [22] ограничение, сужение [23] крестьянство [24] развитие, рост [25] профессиональный [26] правление, царствование, верховная власть [27] убийство; террористический акт [28] преемник, наследник [29] приостановленный [30] обрывать, прерывать, внезапно прекращать [31] главный прокуратор Священного Синода [32] воздвигать; постепенно создавать, строить [33] соперничающий; конкурирующий [34] православное духовенство [35] противодействующий, дающий обратную реакцию; реакционный [36] отодвигать, передвигать назад [37] отбирать, отнимать, лишать [38] исконный, коренной; местный, туземный, аборигенный [39] Ибо дни народа Моего будут, как дни дерева… [Исаия 65:22]. My Family Unit I: Meet My Family My name is Alexander. I'm a first-year student of the Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy. I study at the Automobile Transport Faculty. I’m eighteen. I was born in Omsk. This year I have left secondary school and entered our academy. I'm studying to be an engineer. I'm a hard worker and like to do everything well. When I have spare time I like to go in for sports. I'm fond of sport games and my favourite one is football. I'm fond of music too. I like to listen to music and collect information about popular singers. I have a family. We are five. My father is a teacher of English. Besides English he knows French and German. He is a man of forty-five. He is a good-looking man, tall and handsome. He is always well-dressed, in good taste. My mother is a house-wife. She is a pretty woman of about forty with warm brown hair and soft dark brown eyes. She is kind and gentle and she manages her house very well. My father is a clever man, but a little unpractical, and my mother needs to look after him. My mother, on the other hand, is very practical and full of common sense. I have a brother and a sister. My elder brother is a student too. He studies economics and is going to be an economist. He has dark curly hair and good grey eyes. He is not very tall, but strong. He swims well and is a good footballer. My brother is good-hearted and likes a joke. He knows a lot of funny stories. My younger sister is a lovely little girl. She has golden hair and blue eyes. Her spirit is always bright and happy, full of joy. She isn't fond of study, but she likes music and dancing. We all are very friendly. I love my family very much. Exercises: I. Read the following words from the text: Siberian favourite manage lovely popular common highway besides heart faculty handsome economist entered pretty curly our eyes economics engineer kind automobile II. Complete the following sentences using the text: 1) Alexander is a… 2) He studies at… 3) This year he… 4) He likes to do everything well, he is a… 5) He is fond of… 6) His father is… 7)… is very practical and… 8) She likes music and dancing but she… 9) His … will be an economist as he… III. Work in pairs. Correct wrong statements. Begin your answers with the following expressions: That's right. Exactly so. Precisely so. You are right. I agree with you. You are incorrect. You are not right. 1) Last year Alexander left secondary school and entered the Institute. 2) Alexander likes music and dancing but he is not fond of study. 3) His brother is fond of sport games and his favourite one is basketball. 4) Alexander is fond of collecting information about popular footballers. 5) His brother is fond of swimming and listening to music. 6) Alexander has a lovely elder sister. 7) His mother is always well-dressed in good taste. 8) His younger brother is going to become an economist. 9) His father is about forty-five, tall and handsome. 10) His mother has golden hair and blue eyes. IV. Give English equivalents for the following word-combinations and use them in the sentences of your own. первокурсник (второкурсник, …), поступить в институт, любимый (например, предмет), учиться в институте, быть трудолюбивым, заботиться о ком-либо, увлекаться чем-либо, заниматься спортом. V. Read the following words and say: a) what relatives by birth; b) what relatives by marriage you or other members of your family have. Relatives by Birth:
Relatives by Marriage:
Translate these words without dictionary: a great grandchild; a granddaughter; a mother-in-law; a sister-in-law; a daughter-in-law; stepmother VI. Fill in the missing words: 1) My mother's sister is my… and her brother is my… 2) My wife’s mother is my… and her father is my… 3) My wife’s sister is my… and my wife’s brother is my… 4) My uncle's son is my… and my aunt's daughter is my… too. 5) My mother has a sister; her son is my mother's… 6) My father has a brother; his daughter is my father's… VII. Study the following passage and make up 5 sentences of your own using some of the underlined words: In Britain most people have three names[1]: 1) first name = Christian name = forename (mainly in official documents); 2) middle name (it is not used very often); 3) surname = family name = last name. Þ For example: My name is James Brown. My first name is James, or Jimmy. My middle name is Clarke. My surname is Brown, as I said. My full name is James Clarke Brown. VIII. Remember the following expressions on age and use them in the sentences or situations of your own: 1) He is 16. He is 16 years old. He is a sixteen-year old boy. He is over l6 (under 16). He is about 16. He has just completed his 16th year. He is entering (on) his 17th year. 2) He is in his teens (i.e. 13-19). I've just entered my teens. He is a teen-ager. 3) My sister is eight years older than I. He is 2 years senior (junior) to me. She is half my age. He is twice as young as I am. 4) He is advanced in years. He is a middle-aged person. He is an aged (elderly) person. 5) He doesn't look his age. He looks much younger. 6) They are of the same age. IX. a) Study the following expressions: 1. He lives in England. 2. She lives in America. 3. He lives in Scotland. He is from England. She is from America. He is from Scotland. He is English. She is American. He is Scottish. He is an Englishman. She is an American. He is a Scot. He is a Scotsman. b) Match the countries and their nationalities, make up sentences to introduce one and the same person in different ways.
X. a) Make up 5 sentences about the occupations of your relatives. Use the following words:
в) Work in pairs. Let your partner guess the occupations of your relatives. Use only general questions. XI. Read the following words and make up some sentences about your hobby and hobbies of your relatives. Þ Model: My hobby is fishing. I like to go fishing. I like fishing. I like fishing very much. I’m crazy about fishing. I’m fond of fishing. I am keen on fishing. I find pleasure fishing.
XII. Read the survey and ask each other about your hobbies. Use only general questions (Is your hobby…?). Ho do young people spend their free time? What leisure activities do they prefer? The sociological study shows, that 13% of St. Petersburg students have not been to the theatre once during the year; 33,5% have not been to an opera or ballet; 41,4% ignore concerts of classical music; 33,2% do not go to the museums or exhibitions and less than half of the young people are interested in books. They prefer going to cafes and clubs instead of reading. XIII. Define the main idea of the following essay and say whether you think it right or wrong. Prove your statement. The Use of Leisure By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told. Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dance-hall, and if the latter, they do not dance but simply sit and watch others dancing. A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme, which he has been planning for his leisure time. Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or model engineering or gardening; or… he might wish to write, or to study some subject in which he is interested. This is the creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on then with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them. Many a man gets full value from his leisure by contemplating nature, listening to music, or reading noble books. By this sort of occupation he may not have made anything that he can show, but he has none the less recreated his own source of inspiration and made his own mind a richer and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure. XIV. Work in pairs. Speak on the following situation: You are a newcomer in your group. Introduce yourself and your immediate family (name, age, nationality, occupation, and hobby). XV. Study the following speech patterns. - 1 - Who are you? – I'm Jim Brown. What is your name? – My name is Jim Brown, What is your full name? – My full name’s James O. Brown. What is your brother's first name? – My brother’s first name is Tom. Is Tom Brown any relation to you? – Yes, he is my brother. What relation are you to Ann? – She is my cousin. - 2 - How old are you? – I'm eighteen years old. How old is your friend? – He's nineteen. When were you born? – I was born on the 26th of October 1980. When is your birthday? – It's on the 2nd of March. Where were you born? – I was born in Omsk. Where was your mother born? – She was born in Omsk too. - 3 - Where are you from? – I'm from Britain. Where do you come from? – I'm from Moscow. Where does your father come from? – He is from Minsk. What country are you from? – I'm from Russia. What town are you from? – I live in Omsk. Are you Russian? – Yeah! I am Russian. Is he an American? – No, he isn't. He is French. - 4 - What do you do? – I'm an engineer. What does your father do? – He's a worker. What is your occupation? – I'm a traffic inspector. What is your sister's job? – She is an architect. What do you do? – I am studying to be an engineer. Where do you study? – I study at the Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy. What faculty do you study at? – I study at the Civil Engineering faculty. Where does your brother work? – He works at the car service station. - 5 - What is your hobby? – My hobby is collecting coins. What is your sister's hobby? – She is crazy about dancing. What are you fond of? – I enjoy cooking very much. What is your brother fond of? – What I like about my brother is that he's fond of sport. What is your favourite pastime? – I like listening to music. – “ – “ – “ – “ – “ – “ – I am in a habit of listening to music in the evenings. - 6 - Is your family big? – Not very. There are only three of us. Is your family large? – Yes, rather. We are five. – “ – “ – “ – “ – It is very small. I'm single. In fact, I'm a bachelor. – “ – “ – “ – “ – No, it isn't. I'm the only child in the family. How many people does your family consist of? – It consists of 3 members. Are you married? – Yes, I have been married for five years. – “ – “ – “–“ – I'm not married; I am single. Is your brother married yet? – Not yet, but he is going to. Is he single or married? – He is a family man. – “ – “ – “ – “ – He is a widower. – “ – “ – “ – “ – He is divorced. How long has she been married? – She’s been married only for two years. XVI. Answer the questions: 1) Who are you? (Your relatives?) 2) What is your full name? 3) How old are you? (Your sisters, brothers?) 4) When were you born? 5) When is your birthday? 6) Where are your parents (grandparents) from? 7) What do you (your parents) do now? 8) What are you fond of? 9) Are you in a habit of reading late in the evenings? 10) Is your family big? 11) How many people does your family consist of? 12) Are you the only child in the family? 13) Are you married? 14) How long have you (your parents) been married? XVII. Write down the special questions to which the following, sentences are the answers: 1) That boy is my nephew. 2) My brother goes in for sport. 3) Her parents are musicians. 4) Ann is my niece. 5) Her uncle is American. 6) His parents are elderly people. 7) She was born in 1953. 8) My sister is 12. 9) My friend is Bill. 10) His children are fond of playing tennis. 11) We are four. Joke A: - How old are you? B: - I'm not old. I’m young. A: - All right. How young are you? B: - I'm five. XVIII. Translate into English. 1) Как вас зовут? 2) Как ваша фамилия? 3) Меня зовут Андрей, фамилия Лавров. 4) Вы находитесь в родстве с Анной Лавровой? – Да, мы брат и сестра. 5) Сколько Вам лет? - Мне 22 года. 6) Когда вы родились? - Я родился 26 июля 1975 года. 7) Сколько лет вашим родителям? 8) Где вы родились? - Я родился в Канаде, но мои отец и мать британцы. 9) Сколько лет вашему племяннику? Он выглядит очень молодо. - Он на пять лет старше меня. 10) Ваш сын уже женат? - Нет, он ещё холост. 11) Кем вы приходитесь Анне Лавровой? - Я её тётя. 12) Кто вы по профессии? - Я экономист. 13) Где Вы работаете? - На фабрике. 14) Кем работают ваши родители? - Они уже пенсионеры. 15) Сколько лет они женаты? - Они женаты 25 лет. 16) Чем Вы увлекаетесь? - Я очень люблю путешествовать. 17) Как вашей сестре больше всего нравится использовать свой досуг? - Она имеет обыкновение читать книги по вечерам. 18) У Вас большая семья? - Нет, не очень. Нас трое: я, жена, ребенок. XIX. Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue about your family. Try to get as much information about the family of your partner as you can. You may use the following expressions: Look here!/ I say! - Послушай! As for… - Что касается… By the way. - между прочим Really? - Неужели? All right! - Ладно! Хорошо! After all. - B конце концов, в конечном счете I doubt it. - Сомневаюсь. And what about… (your son)? - А как насчет… (вашего сына)? Tell me… - Скажите… I should say… - Я бы сказал… I shouldn't say so… - Я бы не сказал… You see… - Видите ли… How very interesting! - Как интересно! You don't say so! - Что вы говорите! (удивление) I see. - Ясно. (Понятно). XX. Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs: 1) As the tree, so the fruit. 2) Many a good father hath but a bad son. 3) Too many cooks spoil the broth. 4) He is tied to his wife’s apron strings.
XXI. Topics for discussion. 1) Some think that it is only people having to do who have hobbies; others believe that everybody should have a hobby. What do you think? 2) It is often said that people are as old as they feel it. Do you agree with this? 3) There is a proverb saying that “a good name is better than riches”. And what do you think about it?
XXII. Read the text and give its summary. The Royal Family At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI. As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elisabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in 1947. She came to the throne after her father's death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953. Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties are the regular visits to foreign countries and especially those of the Commonwealth. The Queen has done much to signify the formalities of the monarchy, including allowing the ВВС to make a documentary film about the every day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the “walkabout”, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people. The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The death of his wife, Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di) in 1997 turned out to be one of the greatest shocks for many people in Great Britain and abroad. In spite of the gossips and contradictions in mass media concerning her personality, she won the affection of great number of people by her beauty and generosity. She was one of the most popular members of the Royal Family widely admired for her commitment to helping children and supporting the aged and ill, particularly AIDS sufferers. The Queen's other children are Princess Ann, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. The Queen Mother, the widow of the late King George VI, celebrated her ninetieth birthday in 1990. The Queen's only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is well-known for her charity work. Vocabulary:
The Royal Family from the Reign of King George VI 1. The Prince of Wales 8. Ann, Princess Royal 2. Prince William of Wales 9. Peter Philips 3. Prince Henry of Wales 10. Zara Philips 4. The Duke of York 11. Princess Margaret 5. Princess Beatrice of York 12. Viscount Linely 6. Princess Eugenie of York 13. Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones 7. Prince Edward
Names:
Unit II: Appearance Our family is not very large. We are four. We think that the ideas about a family often depend on its members' appearance. That's why we try to look nice every day. Our father is a tall, handsome, broad-shouldered and strong man with dark clever eyes and a very great forehead. He's always clean-shaved and immaculately dressed. Our mother is a slim, elegant and charming middle-aged woman who does her best to look younger than she is. She has rather small features and a fair complexion. She likes to be well dressed. She wears her hair shoulder length. I think she is very beautiful. My sister Natasha is neither tall nor small. She is middle-sized and plump. She has an upright carriage. Her oval face is touched with freckles in summer. Natasha is fair-haired and blue-eyed. In fact she looks like our mother. My sister has long eyelashes and a turned up nose. I think she is a pretty girl. But what I don't like about her is that she spends much time before the mirror. Exercises: I. Read the following words from the text:
II. a) Find English equivalents of the following word-combinations in the text: хорошо выглядеть; хорошо одеваться; быть среднего роста; средних лет; иметь светлый цвет лица; иметь волосы до плеч; иметь стройную осанку; быть курносым; быть безупречно одетым; стараться изо всех сил; быть похожим на кого-либо; быть ни низким, ни высоким; иметь мелкие черты лица. b) Work in threes. Use these word-combinations while retelling the text in the 1st person (as if you were the members of this family). Change your roles. III. a) Study the following words: - 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
b) Translate the following sentences using the words given above. 1) Моя бабушка на пенсии, но она хорошо сохранилась и выглядит моложе своих лет 2) У него обычная внешность. 3) Она не похожа на свою мать: у нее круглое лицо, курносый нос, низкий лоб и густые волосы. 4) Ему нравятся голубоглазые, стройные, длинноногие блондинки. 5) Я всегда стараюсь следить за своей фигурой. 6) У его племянницы приятная внешность и очаровательная улыбка. 7) У моряков (sailors) обычно неуклюжая походка. 8) 0н - точная копия своего деда: те же кудрявые волосы рыжие усы и выступающий подбородок. 9) Мой брат похож на отца, у него тонкие губы, прямой нос, гладкие волосы. 10) После болезни (illness) у нее были бледные щеки. Она похудела и теперь хочет немного поправиться. 11) Он хорошо сложен, широкоплеч, у него прямая осанка. Он всегда носит модную одежду. 12) Ей очень к лицу строгая одежда. 13) У него правильные черты лица.
IV. Work in pairs. Describe each other. V. Things to do: 1) Describe one of your relatives. 2) Describe your favourite actor (singer, sportsman, etc.) 3)You’ve just met a most handsome man (pretty woman). Describe him (her) to your friends. 4) You are going to get married. Describe your future wife (husband). 5) Describe the way you (your family, your friend, your group-mate, etc.) will look like in 20 years. VI. Study the following speech patterns: - 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
- 4 -
VII. Answer the questions: 1) What does your mother (father, best friend) look like? 2) How do you usually look after your exams? (when you have your birthday)? 3) Who do you take after? 4) What colour are your mother’s (father’s) eyes? 5) What is your sister's (brother's) hair like? 6) What can you say about your best friend's face? 7) How are your parents usually dressed? 8) What do you usually wear? 9) Do you use make-up? 10) Do you wear jewellery? 11) Do you like the way you look like? VIII. Write down the special questions to which the following sentences are the answers. 1) My cousin has much in common with his dad. 2) He has broad shoulders, strong arms and long legs. 3) My mother has chestnut hair. 4) My mother's hair is thin. 5) He looks very unhappy today. 6) My father doesn't wear formal dress. 7) He is well-built because he keeps his figure. 8) She looks elegant because she follows the fashion. 9) My sister has a high forehead, dark eyebrows, big brown eyes and pretty dimples on her cheeks. 10) He is a blue-eyed young man. IX. Translate into English. 1) - На кого ты похожа? - Мама говорит, я похожа на мою бабушку. - А как она выглядит? - Она среднего роста, полная, с приятным лицом. - Какого цвета у неё волосы? - У неё седые волосы, но раньше бабушка была брюнеткой. 2) - Какую одежду ты предпочитаешь носить? - Я люблю одеваться свободно. А ты? - А я всегда слежу за модой, но ношу одежду, которая мне к лицу. 3) - Ты находишь его красивым? - Да, он выглядит очень элегантно. 4) - Тебе нравится, как одевается твоя сестра? - Да, она всегда выглядит очаровательно. Как ей удается так выглядеть? - Она старается следить за своей фигурой. X. Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue about the appearance of your relatives. XI. Translate the fragments from books by well-known English writers in written form: - 1 - They are apparently father and daughter. The gentleman is 50, tall, well-preserved and of upright carriage. His imposing style, with his strong aquiline nose and resolute clean-shaven mouth, gives him an air of importance. His daughter is well-dressed, well-fed, good-looking, strong-minded young woman, presentably ladylike. But still her father's daughter. (from “Widower's Houses” by B. Shaw) - 2 - Harry, imagine a girl, hardly seventeen of age, with a little flower-like face, a small Greek head with plaited coils of dark-brown hair, eyes that were violet wells of passion, lips that were like the petals of a rose. She was the loveliest thing I had ever seen in my life. (from “The Picture of Dorian Grey” by O. Wilde) - 3 - His face was deeply sunburnt, but the sun had not taken the healthy colour from his cheeks. She liked the little curly moustache which did not conceal his full red lips. He had black hair, short and brushed very sleek. But, of course, his eyes, under thick bushy eyebrows, were his best feature. (from "The Painted Veil" by S. Maugham) - 4 - In the centre of the room… stood the head of the family, old Jolyon himself, eighty years of age, white hair, his dome-like forehead, his little dark grey eyes, and an immense white moustache, which drooped and spread below the level of his strong jaw, he had a patriarchal look, and in spite of lean cheeks and hollows at his temples, seemed master of perennial youth. He held himself upright, end his shrewd, steady eyes lost none of their clear shining. Thus he gave an impression of superiority to the doubts and dislikes of smaller men. (from “The Man of Property” by J. Galsworthy) XII. Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs: 1) Handsome is as handsome does. 6) As ugly as sin. 2) Appearances are deceitful. 7) Neat as a new pin. 3) As like as two peas. 8) Neither fish nor flesh. 4) As like as chalk and cheese. 9) Tastes differ. 5) As thin as a rake. Joke Two elderly Englishmen were talking about young people in our day. One of them said, “young-people now are so different from what we were thirty years ago. Look at that young person with short hair smoking a cigarette and wearing jeans. What is it - a boy or a girl? It's impossible to say”. “It's a girl”, said a middle-aged person sitting near them on a bench. “I'm sorry, sir”, said the first Englishman. “I suppose you are her father”. “I'm not”, was the answer. “I'm her mother”. |
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The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world’s number one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car produces an enormous quantity of pollution.