Operating principle (lyrics) 6

Project team                                                                                                                                                                        3

Problem and goal                                                                                                                                                              4

Operating principle (lyrics)                                                                                                                                           6

Operating principle (simulink)                                                                                                                                  10

Assembling and programming processes (our pain)                                                                                        13

Main part                                                                                                                                                                   13

Cat’s part                                                                                                                                                                    15

Sensors                                                                                                                                                                       16

Full final algorithm                                                                                                                                                         18

Final result (our gain)                                                                                                                                                    20

User manual                                                                                                                                                                      22

Preliminary and actual plan                                                                                                                                        23

Description of the work of team members                                                                                                          26

Budget                                                                                                                                                                                 27

Project risks                                                                                                                                                                       28

Appendix 1. Receipts                                                                                                                                                     30

Appendix 2. Listing of the laser board                                                                                                                    35

Appendix 3. Listing of the sensor boards                                                                                                              41

Appendix 4. Listing of the cat board                                                                                                                        43

References                                                                                                                                                                         45

 

 

 

Project team

Gintsyak Alexey	Pridanova Ekaterina	Shapovalov Roman
role_name_1	role_name_2	role_name_3
[email protected]	[email protected]	[email protected]
007 911 157 74 26	007 981 683 93 99	007 981 817 25 84
Lisovodskaya Ksenia	Tsolan Dmitry	Shklyarova Darya
role_name_4	role_name_5	role_name_6
[email protected]	[email protected]	[email protected]
007 953 352 43 83	007 911 266 28 91	007 999 214 97 81

 

 

Problem and goal

About 40% percent of people in the world have regular problems with sleep [1]. And it’s only regular ones. It’s harmful to the human’s health and has a total influence on the worker’s activity. There are a lot of reasons why a person can’t sleep well enough. One of these reasons can be the extra-loud nighttime activity of their pets.

Below you can see the part of casual diagram of non-sleeping people problems (pic. 1).

Pic. 1. The casual diagram of non-sleeping people problems

Of course, we can’t solve all the problems and propose the panacea. But we try to fix one of them - to entertain the pet when it’s at home alone.

So, our goal is to create the device which helps anyone to entertain his pet without any efforts. The embodiment is the system which plays with pet with the help of laser without owner’s intervention.

 

 

Sensors

 

       Our system includes two these parts. It consists of the following details (pic. 14):

1) Arduino Uno - 1 pt. [1]

2) radio-frequency transceiver nRF24L01+ - 1 pt. [2]

3) ultrasonic transceiver - 1 pt. [3]

4) breadboard - 1 pt.

5) cables - uncountable

 

       Pic. 14. The composition of the sensor part

 

       You can ask what is the difference between constructions of the cat part and sensor part. In sensor part ultrasonic sensor is blind on the other eye - we isolated transmitter part, so now it can only receive ultrasonic waves from the cat part.

 

The sequence of operations for cat’s part:

1) waiting…

2) receiving the synchronizing signal from the main part through the radio-frequency transceiver.

3) waiting…

4) receiving the ultrasonic signal from the cat part.

5) determining the distance to the cat part.

6) sending this distance to the main part through the radio-frequency transceiver.

7) waiting...

           

 

 

 

Full final algorithm

 

       You can see the full final algorithm of functioning on the pics. 15-16.

 

Pic. 15. Algorithm (1/2)

 

Pic. 16. Algorithm (2/2)

Final result (our gain)

Expectation	Reality
Sensor for cat’s collar
Bracket for laser
Cat

       You can see our full system below (pic. 17).

Pic. 17. Details of cat’s laser toy

User manual

 

1. Place the main part of the system on the wall on the height meter
2. Place two sensors parts on the floor along the wall in the distance 0.5 meter from the projection of the main part (pic. 18).

 

Pic. 18. Positioning main and sensor parts relatively the wall

 

1. Hang an arduino-kitten on the cat’s collar.
2. Connect the 9-volt battery to the Arduino-kitten and the arduino-sensors.
3. Connect the Master-Arduino to your computer or laptop via USB.
4. Go to do your business and enjoy at night.

 

       DON’T USE IT FOR THE SMALL CHILDREN!

Preliminary and actual plan

           

The project "Cat’s laser toy" consists of 5 main phases which you can see in the figure on the right.

● Phase 1. Initiation.

We were looking for a problem that must be solved with PID-regulation.

The initial problem that we found was the following - all of us suffer from the fact that the phone's charge level is very low sometimes. However, the first idea (a solar tracker for charging the battery) was rejected because this issue can be solved easier without PID-regulation, so we arranged brainstorming again.

After the second brainstorming we found another challenge - pet owners suffer from the lack of sleeping time, because, for example, the cat was not tired yet in the evening and its behavior is very noisy. Thereby we decided to make a toy for the cat with laser to help the pet’s owners.

 

● Phase 2. "Planning"

We assigned the participants roles during the project, defined implementation stages, timelines, made an initial list of components. Also at the planning stage, alternative methods for searching for a cat were identified:

1. Using bluetooth modules

2. Using ultrasonic sensors

3. Using wifi-transmitters.

       Later we have refused option 2 because of the fact that the functional requirements of the system could not be realized, the duration of transmission and processing of the signal was too long.

 

● Phase 3. "Assembling".

We have purchased the necessary parts for our system, and by the way several components (1 board of Arduino Uno and 1 breadboard) were taken from the teacher. During this stage, was figured out that it was necessary to buy another 3 Arduino boards for triangulation of the cat: 2 boards for receiving the signal and 1 board (kitten) for signal transmission. As it was written before, it was clarified that the use of Bluetooth sensors is useless for determining the location of the cat, the position of the laser point will change very rarely.

Then we changed the data transfer technology, we chose the option of using ultrasonic sensors to search for a cat.

       Also, during the assembly of the system, we were forced to buy additional ultrasonic sensors, because some sensors burned due to high voltage.

       The "Assembling" process was divided into 2 subprocesses, for which the inputs and outputs were described below (table 1).

Table 1. Description of assembling processes

№	Name of process	Input	Output
1.	Purchasing of details	List of purchasing	Receipts (appendix 1), details
2.	Assembling	Details, algorithm of assembling	Final product, checked algorithm of assembling

       This process has been described in more detail in the part of final report "Assembling and Programming".

 

● Phase 4. Programming.

       At this stage, the code of programs was written for 4 Arduino Uno in the C+ language in Arduino IDE:

1. Code for Arduino-master. This device receives signals from the Arduino-sensors, controls servos and laser, processes mathematical formulas, finds the target coordinates of the point for the laser, performs tracking of the cat’s position. Code for this controller you can find in appendix 2.
2. Code for Arduino-sensors (2 Arduino Uno with ultrasonic signal receivers). The codes of these programs differ only in the output data ("d1 =" and "d2 ="). Code for these controllers you can find in appendix 3,4.
3. Code for kitten Arduino (Arduino Uno with ultrasonic emitter, cat). This device only emits ultrasonic waves. Code for this controller you can find in appendix 5.

 

● Phase 5. Completion.

       At this stage, we wrote the final report, the user's guide, made a video, prepared a presentation.

 

           

 

Below you can see our preliminary project plan (pic. 19) and compare it with real project plan (pic. 20). Tasks of real plan with dates (pic. 21) and stages (table 2) you can find below too.

Pic. 19. Preliminary project plan

 

           

Pic.20. Real project plan

       Pic. 21. List of tasks and dates

 

Table 2. Stages and processes

 

Stage	Process	Duration, day	Start	Finish
Initiation	Brainstorming	22	22.09	12.10
	Selection of idea	2	13.10	14.10
	Revision of the chosen idea	4	14.10	17.10
	Searching of links	3	17.10	19.10
	Description of results	9	19.10	27.10
Planning	Math modeling	7	26.10	02.11
	Simulink modelling	4	02.11	05.11
	Planning of components' composition	4	02.11	05.11
	SolidWorks modelling	3	06.11	08.11
	Financial planning	3	06.11	08.11
	Timeline planning	3	06.11	08.11
	Presentation of BP	1	10.11	10.11
Assembling	Purchasing of components	2	11.11	12.11
	Assembling of system	1	10.12	10.12
	After-purchasing/refunding	23	17.11	9.12
Programming	1st controller programming	10	17.11	26.11
	2nd controller programming	3	01.12	03.12
	3rd controller programming	2	08.12	09.12
	4th controller programming	2	08.12	09.12
	Testing	1	10.12	10.12
Closing	Final report writing	9	11.12	19.12
	Video recording/ montage	5	11.12	15.12
	Creation of final presentation	2	15.12	16.12

Budget

 

       The purchasing list and list of returned detail are represented in the table 3.

 

Table 3. List of bought and returned components

Bought						Returned
№	Description	Pts	Price	Total		№	Description	Pts	Price	Total
1.	Power 9V to 2.1mm Barrel Jack	4	30	120		1.	AA battery Superlife 1.5 V	3	78	234
2.	M/F 40 Pin Jumper Wire	1	350	350		2.	Bluetooth Module BK3231 without pins	4	180	720
3.	9V Battery Snap	4	9	36		3.	Battery Holder AA*4	4	28	112
4.	9V Alkaline Battery	7	180	1260		4.	Point Interlocking Solderless Breadboard	2	180	360
5.	Electrical tape	1	80	80
6.	Shrink wrap 1 m	2	26	52
7.	AA battery Superlife 1.5 V	4	78	312
8.	Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04	4	90	360			5816
9.	Bluetooth Module BK3231 without pins	4	180	720
10.	Laser module KY-008	1	40	40			Inventory:
11.	M/M 10 Pin Jumper Wire	1	50	50			1184
12.	SERVO MOTOR SG90	2	120	240
13.	Arduino UNO + micro-USB	3	350	1050
14.	F/F 10 Pin Jumper Wire	1	60	60
15.	Bluetooth Module BK3231	4	200	800
16.	Point Interlocking Solderless Breadboard	2	180	360
17.	Glue	1	28	28
18.	Сonstructor "Helicopter"	1	162	162
19.	Battery Holder AA*4	4	28	112
20.	Bluetooth-module HC-05	1	320	320
21.	Radio-module NRF24L01+	9	70	630

Project risks

The following risks were identified, which may affect the completion of the project:

1. Low quality of details

2. Unattainability of the product's functional characteristics

3. Lack of knowledges

4. Low activity of team members

5. Use of funds beyond the budget

6. Lack of time

7. Extreme value fluctuations of currencies exchange rate

8. Lack of necessary details in the shop

9. Lack of cat

After that arrange it in the matrix of risks considering probability of their occurrence and influence on our project (table 4).

Table 4. Matrix of risks

Influence on project	Probability of occurrence
	Low	Medium	High
Low
Medium	5,7	6	3
High	4,8,9	2	1

 

Descriptions of colors:

	Low level of risk
	Medium level of risk
	High level of risk
	Extreme level of risk

 

 

We decided to manage only those risks that could seriously impact on the project implementation (high and extreme level). The result you can see in the table 5.

Table 5. Methods of risk management.

Description of risk	Efforts to minimize the risk	Achieved?
Low quality of details	Acceptance of risk	✔
Unattainability of the product's functional characteristics	Consultation with an Arduino experts	✖
Lack of knowledges	Consultation with an Arduino experts	✔
Low activity of team members	Motivational speech of Roman with denotation of place where we are and where we will be on exam	✖
Lack of time	Careful planning of activity	✖
Lack of necessary details in the shop	Monitoring of prices in different shops	✔
Lack of cat	Acceptance with preparation of cat’s costume	✔

 

 

Project perspectives

 

       The realized principle of the device operation may be needed in other technological systems. For example:

● This device can be adapted to move animals (for example, tigers, lions and other dangerous cats) into the cage, it will reduce the risk of injury and protect working conditions of farm staff (zoos, circuses);

● Search for different stuff in the house (example: TV remote control, socks);

● Level correction (for example: when you determine the position of objects and correct their position in the construction using a laser level);

● Use as a simulator (example: training techniques of kicking in martial arts or instruction system of driving);

● Automate the lighting system (example: correction of the direction of the light ray during the performance of the actor in the theater) and so on...

 

       In addition, you can use arduino Nano to reduce the size of the device on the cat or (and) change the principle of data transfer, in order to the system becomes more like a real-time system.

Appendix 1. Receipts

References

1. Arduino Uno - datasheet. URL: http://datasheet.octopart.com/A000066-Arduino-datasheet-38879526.pdf
2. Radio module for NRF24L01 - datasheet. URL: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/SMD/nRF24L01Pluss_Preliminary_Product_Specification_v1_0.pdf
3. Servo motor SG90 - datasheet. URL: http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/DE1_EE/stores/sg90_datasheet.pdf
4. Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 - datasheet. URL: http://www.micropik.com/PDF/HCSR04.pdf

 

 

Project team                                                                                                                                                                        3

Problem and goal                                                                                                                                                              4

Operating principle (lyrics)                                                                                                                                           6

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