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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Раздел: Учебно-методические материалыСтр 1 из 4Следующая ⇒
ТЕМА 1
Grammar: The Verb. Tenses. Vocabulary: My family. Relations between people generation gap. Содержание темы 1.Tense consolidation: Present Tenses. Present simple. Present continuous (progressive). Present perfect simple. Contrast with past simple. Present perfect continuous. Contrasts with present perfect simple. Time expressions with present tenses. 2.Tense consolidation: Future Forms. Future simple. Be going / present continuous. Future continuous. Future perfect / perfect continuous. Other ways of referring to the future. 3.Tense consolidation: Past Tenses. Past simple. Past continuous. Past perfect simple and continuous. Used to and would. Unfulfilled past events.
Рекомендуемая литература
(pp 2-48).
(рр 2-32).
Интернет-ресурсы
Рекомендуем Вам также ознакомиться с литературой следующих издательств на их сайтах. 1. www.longman-elt.com 2. www.expresspublishing.co.uk Раздел: Учебно-методические материалы
Grammar Tense consolidation: PRESENT TENSES | |||||
| 1. Present Simple | 1. Facts that are always true Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 2. Habits British people drink a lot of tea. 3. States I don't like gangster films. 4. Declarations (Verbs describing opinions and feelings tend to be state verbs) I hope you’ll come to my party. I bet you don't know the answer! I know you live in this street. 5. Headlines (`telegram` style) Ship sinks in midnight collision. 6. Instructions and itineraries (travel arrangements) First you clean up the room. On day three we visit London. 7. Dramatic narratives and sport commentaries The thief gets into the house, takes all jewellery and escapes. | ||||
| 2.Present continuous (progressive) | 1.Temporary situations: I'm staying in a hotel until I find a flat. Are yon enjoying your stay here? My car has broken down, so I am walking to work these days. 2. Changing or developing situations: She is putting on weight. Things are getting worse! 3. Actions happening at the moment of speaking: The dog is sleeping on our bed! 4. Actions happening around the moment of speaking: I'm learning to drive. I am reading a new novel by Remark. 5.Complaints about bad habits (frequently repeated actions with always, continually, forever and constantly, expressing annoyance or criticism): You are always complaining about my cooking! He is always asking stupid questions! 6. Fixed arrangements in the near future: I am leaving for London next week. Don is seeing his boss today. | ||||
| 3. State verbs describe a continuing state, so do not usually have a continuous form. Typical examples are: believe, belong, consist, contain, doubt, fit, have, know, like, love, matter, mean, own, prefer, understand, seem, suppose, suspect, want, wish Some verbs have a stative meaning and a different active meaning. Typical examples are: Tense consolidation: FUTURE FORMS | |||||
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Future Simple | 1.Decisions taken at the moment of speaking I like this dress. I’ll take it. 2. The form of an assumption, hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc, esp. with: expect, hope, believe, I’m sure, I’m afraid, probably I hope he’ll like his birthday present. That'll be Jim at the door. 3. Actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future, or we can not control them and they will definitely happen The baby will be born after Christmas. She will probably win. He will come to see us at the end of the month. | ||||
| 2. Be going \ to present continuous | 1. Actions intended to be performed in the near future I’m going to buy some new clothes next week. 2. Planned actions or intentions Now that she’s rich, she’s going to travel round the world. 3. Evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future It looks like the plane is going to take off now. I think I’m going to be sick. | ||||
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Future continuous | 1. This describes an event, which will be happening at a future point. Come round in the morning. I'll be painting the kitchen. 2. It can also describe events, which are going to happen anyway, rather than events, which we choose to make happen. I won't bother to fix a time to see you, because I'll be calling into the office anyway. 3. Future continuous also sounds more polite than will. Will you be going to the shops later? If you go, could you get me some potatoes? 4. It can also be used to refer to fixed arrangements and plans. The band will be performing live in Paris this summer. 5.Actions, which are a result of a routine. I will be going to the bank tomorrow. I go there every Friday. | ||||
| 4. Future perfect / perfect continuous
| 1. Actions finished before a stated future time: They will have finished the work by June 2. This has both simple and continuous forms, and refers to time, which we look back at from a future point. In two years' time 1' ll have finished this book. By the end of the month, I'll have been working for this firm for a year. 3. It can also be used to express an assumption on the part of the speaker. You won't have heard the news, of course. (I assume you have not heard the news.) | ||||
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Just/just about to Just can be used to describe something on the point of happening. Hurry up! The tram is just leaving\ just about to leave. 5.8 Shall is used for first person in future and possibly declining in use. We also use shall to ask politely: Shall I open the window?
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Past simple | 1.Completed actions, happed one after the other I got up, switched off the radio, and sat down again. 2. Habits Every day I went to the park. 3. States In those days, I didn’t like reading. 4.Actions happed at a stated past time She passed her exam last month. 5.Completed past actions not connected to the present Elvis Presley made lots of records. Mozart was a well-known pianist at the age of 10. | ||||
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Past continuous | 1. Actions in progress (interrupted by events) I was drinking my coffee at the time. While I was opening the letter, the phone rang. 2. Background description in narrative I entered the office and looked around. Most people were working at their desks, but Jane was staring out the window and pretending to write something at the same time. 3. Changing states The car was getting worse all the time. One of the headlights was gradually falling off, and the engine was making more and more funny noises. 4. Repeated actions – criticism. With a frequency adverb, this use is similar to the use of present continuous to express annoyance. When Jane was at school, she was always losing things. | ||||
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Unfulfilled past events
| These describe events intended to take place, but which did not happen. I was going to phone you, but I forgot. Jack was to have taken part, but befell ill. I was thinking of going to Italy this year, but I haven't decided. I was about to do it, but I started doing something else. | ||||
Vocabulary
1. Study the important vocabulary:
1.1 Intellectual ability
Ability: intelligent, bright, clever, smart, shrewd, able, gifted, talented
Lacking ability: stupid, foolish, half-witted, simple, silly, brainless, daft, dumb
Clever, in a negative way: cunning, crafty, sly
Attitudes towards other people: sociable, gregarious, quarrelsome, argumentative, cruel, sadistic, easy-going, even-tempered, impolite, rude, ill mannered, discourteous, honest, trustworthy, reliable, sincere, jealous, envious
One person's meat is another person's poison
1.4 Some characteristics can be either positive or negative depending on your point of view:
| determined thrifty/economical self assured assertive original frank/direct/open broad minded inquiring generous innocent ambitious | obstinate, stubborn, pig headed miserly, mean, tight fisted self-important, arrogant, full of oneself aggressive, bossy (colloquial) peculiar, weird, eccentric, odd blunt, abrupt, brusque, curt unprincipled, permissive inquisitive, nosy (colloquial) extravagant naive pushy (colloquial) |
Types of relationships
friendship: best friend - good friend - friend - acquaintance
work: close colleague - colleague/workmate
marriage: wife/husband/partner, fiancée, husband-/wife-to-be
love/romance: lover - steady boy/girlfriend
compounds: classmate, shipmate, workmate, flat mate, and workmate
3. Phrases and idioms for relationships
to get on well with each other - to have a good relationship
don't see eye to eye - to argue/disagree
to fall out with - to have arguments
to brake up / split up
to have an affair with his boss
to respect the old
to make it up - to be friends again
to be smb’s senior (I'm senior to her).
4. Linking and not linking someone:
| Core verb | Positive | Negative |
| Like | Love, adore, worship, idolize | Dislike, hate, can’t stand, loathe |
| Respect | Look up to, admire | Look down on, despise |
| Attract | Turn sb. on | Repel, turn sb. off |
Раздел: Задания для самостоятельной работы
Grammar
1. She was impatient to get ____ ____ board before them. I knew she would be desperate if her plan ____ .
1) to, the, failed
2) into, - , would fail
3) on, - , failed
4) on, the, has failed
2. He was good at tennis and in his room there was a whole shelf of cups he ____ in tournaments since he ____ eleven years old.
1) won, had been
2) had been winning, turned
3) has won, has been
4) had won, was
Text
ТЕСТ
Выберите единственный правильный вариант из предложенных:
1. Philippa heard the result of the election when she _____ to work, so she phoned me when she _____ there.
1) drives, gets
2) was driving, got
3) drove, will get
4) was driving, has got
2. Alison never _____ newspapers in the morning.
1) is reading
2) read
3) has been reading
4) reads
3. "Who _____ a car at the time of the accident?" the officer asked.
1) is driving
2) drove
3) was driving
4) has driven
4. The _____ economy is in crisis. Unemployment _____ .
1) country's, is rising
2) country, rises
3) countrys', rose
4) country, has risen
5. When they _____ to school, they _____ straight up to the classroom.
1) have come, went
2) came, went
3) come, went
4) came, go
6. I'm going to give the cat some food. It _____ on the doorstep for hours. I'm sure, it_____.
1) was sitting, was starving
2) sat, is starving
3) has been sitting, is starving
4) was sitting, starved
7. She _____ polite and she is only pretending to admire your car.
1) was been
2) will be
3) had been
4) is being
8. Peter rarely ____ time to visit his parents these days, but he _____ lunch with them tomorrow because it's his father's birthday.
1) had, has
2) is having, will have
3) has, is having
4) has, has had
9. They _____ to solve the problem since last Tuesday, and still, they've got no clue.
1) are trying
2) have been trying
3) were trying
4) have tried
10. Bill admitted that if he _____ the instructions he _____ what to do.
1) had, would know
2) has, would have known
3) had had, will know
4) had, knows
11. Jane explained that she _____ not to buy the house because it ____ on the main road.
1) decided, is
2) had decided, has been
3) has decided, is
4) had decided, was
12. The travel agent asked me whether I _____ to go by air or by sea.
1) wanted
2) want
3) had been wanting
4) will want
13. Tom ____ so early but he ____-, ____ and _____ his breakfast so quietly that I ____ a thing.
1) gets up; is washing, shaving; having; am not hearing
2) is getting up; is washing, shaving; having; am not hearing
3) gets up, washes, shaves; has breakfast; don’t hear
4) has got up; washed, shaved; had ; don’t hear
14. I’m restless. I think I ________ for along walk.
1) am going
2) am going to go
3) will go
4) will have gone
15. By the time she _______ finished doing her homework, it ______ dark outside.
1) will have, is
2) -, had been
3) has, was being dark
4) has, is
ТЕМА 1
Grammar: The Verb. Tenses.
Vocabulary: My family. Relations between people generation gap.
Содержание темы
1.Tense consolidation: Present Tenses.
Present simple.
Present continuous (progressive).
Present perfect simple.
Contrast with past simple.
Present perfect continuous.
Contrasts with present perfect simple.
Time expressions with present tenses.
2.Tense consolidation: Future Forms.
Future simple.
Be going / present continuous.
Future continuous.
Future perfect / perfect continuous.
Other ways of referring to the future.
3.Tense consolidation: Past Tenses.
Past simple.
Past continuous.
Past perfect simple and continuous.
Used to and would.
Unfulfilled past events.
Рекомендуемая литература
(pp 2-48).
(рр 2-32).
Интернет-ресурсы
Рекомендуем Вам также ознакомиться с литературой следующих издательств на их сайтах.
1. www.longman-elt.com
2. www.expresspublishing.co.uk
Раздел: Учебно-методические материалы
Grammar
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