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Conclusion and Recommendations



Negligence, therefore, is recognized as a special area of tort liability which has to be proved before any form of sanction acceptable in law can be invoked. Physical Education teachers need to be very conscious of their activities in P.E lesson so that they will not be liable. It is very important that P.E teachers at various levels are well-tutored in the area of Legal liabilities in Physical Education. To achieve this, the following recommendations are made:

1) Laws related to Physical Education and Sports must be included in the curriculum of P.E at the undergraduate level.

2) P.E teacher should consider age (Chronological and training age), sex, and developmental level of learners.

3) P.E. teacher must be present and punctual for practical lessons where items of equipment are to be used by students

4) Equipment must be removed from the play ground and properly stored under lock and key.

5) Facilities such as playgrounds and swimming pool should be inspected before they are put to use by the learner so as to remove any foreseeable hazard that may cause injuries to participants.

Read the article.

Make some general remarks concerning the content of the paper using words and expressions from Useful Vocabulary Section.

Discuss the structure of the paper.

Give some positive comments.

Express your criticism or objections.

Analyze the data, results and their presentations.

Make a conclusion

 

ARTICLE 2. ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE AND SPECIAL JUDO FITNESS LEVELS OF INDIAN JUDO PLAYERS

                                                     Jayasudha Katrall

Department of Physiology,        

J.N.M.C. Belgaum, India

Abstract

Purpose: Judo is a complex sport where different anthropological parameters determine performance. Judo, as a sport is not well known in India. There is evident lack of data concerning the anthropological determinants of judo players. This study was conducted to determine the anthropometric profile and Special Judo Fitness levels of judokas.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 31 judo players. Anthropometric profile was assessed by measuring height, weight, body mass index, body circumferences at seven sites, seven site skin fold thickness and body fat percentage as per standard accepted protocol. Special Judo Fitness Test – a specific test to evaluate the judo athlete's physical condition was applied. Statistical analysis done using Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test and correlation by Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results: Out of 31 judo players 20 had ≤5 yrs of judo practice (A group) and 11 >5 yrs of judo (B group). Anthropometric findings of both the judo groups were the same. Body fat has negative correlation (r =-0.690, P<0.05) with performance in SJFT. Observations during and after special judo fitness test were also similar.

Conclusions: Long term training has a minimal effect on anthropometry. Judo athletes of similar age when submitted to the same training type tend to show equal performance in the game and fitness levels after certain years of training. We also confirm existence of negative correlation between body fat and performance.

INTRODUCTION

Judo is a Japanese art and an Olympic sport, in which besides technical skill and tactical strategies, conditional (physical and physiological) characteristics are also indispensable for success in competition and for training. Competitive judo can be described as a combative, high intensity sport in which the athlete attempts to throw the opponent onto his back or to control him during groundwork combat. Both attempts depend on specific techniques and tactical skills with the support of good physical fitness. Being aware of the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of an elite athlete will pave the way for his success. As judo is a weight-classified sport, high level judo players should have low body fat. It has been suggested that percentage of body fat may be a discriminator for Success.

Judo is the sport in which movements are powerful, delivered in a short period of time, usually against the force of the opponent. It is a sport of changeable intensity of effort. During contest, the non-stop periods of maximum or submaximum intensity are separated by longer or shorter breaks. Fitness levels in judokas are evaluated based on special judo fitness test (SJFT) which gives effort tolerance levels in them. This test is of intermittent character with breaks between the test and uses a specific movement (throw) of the game called ippon-seoi-nage. The evaluation of physical characteristics is an important part of the training process because it gives information about the variables that need to be improved and about the effectiveness of a given training program. Hence, this study was undertaken to define and interpret the possible anthropological determinants, and special judo fitness levels in Indian judo practitioners. 

METHODS AND SUBJECTS


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