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Сопоставьте произношение звонких и глухих звуков.



[p] - [b]                     [k] - [ɡ ]                   [t] - [d]

pea bee                    crew grew               try dry

pie buy                   sick fog                  true drew

pap pub                   dock dog                 Kate laid

pride bride                 pick big                  set said

cap cab                   come gum                built build

 

[f] - [v]                      [ð ] - [θ ]                  [s] - [z]

fame vain                 though throw          docks dogs

few view                those third            said zed

safe save                this   fifth             peace please

leaf leave               that   thin             cease seize

knife knives             without teeth           niece knees

[t] - [ð ]                     [v – w – v – w]           [ð – z – z –ð ]

at this                          very well                    this is          is that

but that                        win victory                that is          is that

just this                        wet weather               there is        is there

what's this                   warm wind                 there was   was there

 

Прочитайте в быстром темпе.

a) My mother, my mother and my father, my mother, father and brother, my mother, father and brother go bathing, my mother, father and brother go bathing together. My mother, father and brother go bathing together in any weather.

b) Frogs, funny frogs, fat funny frogs, is fond of fat funny frogs, Frank is fond of fat funny frogs, Frank Forman is fond of fat funny frogs. In fact, Frank Forman is fond of fat funny frogs,

c) Language, the German language, learning the German language, Jim is learning the German language, Jack and Jim are learning the German language. Just imagine Jack and Jim are learning the German language.

 

Прочитайте пословицы и дайте русские эквиваленты.

Practice makes perfect.

Curiosity killed the cat.

All's fair in love and war.

Sickness in the body brings sadness to the mind.

Two heads are better than one.

So many countries, so many customs.

Take us, as you find us.

Much ado about nothing.

Eat at pleasure, drink with measure.

He laughs best who laughs last.

Cold hand, warm heart.

 

Прочитайте стихи и скороговорки.

а) I can think of six thin things, six thin things, can you?

Yes, I can think of six thin things and of six thick things, too.

b) She sells sea – shells on the seashore.

The shells she sells are seashore shells, I'm sure,

For if she sells sea – shells on the seashore,

 

Then I'm sure she sells seashore shells.

c) Whether the weather be fine

Whether the weather be not

Whether the weather be cold

Whether the weather be hot

We'll weather the weather

Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

d) Father, mother, sister, brother,

Hand in hand with one another.

 


Правила чтения

Правильное чтение на английском языке основано на умении распознать положение, в котором встречается буква в каждом отдельном случае, и правильно произнести соответствующий звук. Это достигается сознательным усвоением правил чтения гласных и согласных, а также систематической тренировкой в чтении и артикуляции.

 

Правила чтения гласных букв и буквосочетаний

Чтение гласных зависит от ряда факторов:

1) от типа слога, в котором она стоит (открытый, закрытый и т.п.);

2) от того, является она ударной или безударной;

3) от ее положения среди других букв, т.е. сколько и какие буквы следуют за ней или предшествуют ей.

 

Таблица чтения ударных и безударных гласных

 

Гласная

I II III IV

Безударн. слог

(открытый или условно – открытый) тип слога (закрытый) тип слога (гласная+ r ) (гласная + r + e )
A a   [eı ] make [æ ] cat [ɑ: ] car [ɛ ǝ ] share [ǝ ] ago
E e [ı: ] Pete, we [e] bed [ǝ: ] her [ı ǝ ] here [ǝ ], [ı ] absent, darkness
I i / Yy [aı ] time, type [ı ] sit, system [ǝ: ] girl [aı ǝ ] fire, tyre [ı ] music, city
U u [ju: ] tube [ʌ ] cup [ǝ: ] burn [juǝ ] cure [ǝ ], [ju: ] success, unite
O o [ɔ u] note [ɔ ] not [ɔ: ] short [ɔ: ] more [ǝ ], [ɔ u] confer, metro

 

Тренировочные упражнения

1. Прочитайте слова.

A a

[eı ] – name, late, lake, game, plane, mate

[æ ] – tram, can, map, stand, plan, factory

[ɑ: ] – hard, car, dark, start, party, farm

[ɛ ǝ ] – share, rare, care, compare, prepare, hare

[ǝ ] – ago, about, sofa, above, historical, legal

E e

[ı: ] – he, she, we, be, week, repeat

[e] – get, egg, fell, let, tent, ten

[ǝ: ] – her, term, verb, serve, prefer, person

[ı ǝ ] – here, mere, sphere, material, serial, period

[ı ], [ǝ ] – begin, return, ticket, sister, present, absent

I I / Y y

[aı ] – time, type, my, mine, fly, fine

[ı ] – it, ill, syntax, milk, system, wish

[ǝ: ] – sir, bird, girl, dirty, Byrn, myrtle

[aı ǝ ] – fire, lyre, hire, wire, tired, satire

[ı ] – engine, sorry, family, music, public, English

U u

[ju: ] – tune, student, use, union, human, pupil

[ʌ ] – cup, under, fun, uncle, butter, supper

[ǝ: ] – burn, burst, turn, return, Turkey, furniture

[ju: ] – pure, cure, lue, curious, during, secure

[ǝ ] – success, difficult, upon, product, cucumber, luxury

O o

[ɔ u] – home, hope, note, nose, rose, smoke

[ɔ ] – not, got, clock, fond, dog, shop

[ɔ: ] – or, nor, North, sport, lord, short

[ɔ: ] – ore, more, shore, explore, before, store

[ɔ u] – tomato, photo, metro, potato, negro, zero

 

2. Распределите слова по четырем колонкам, пользуясь правилами чтения гласных букв в ударном слоге.

Evening, morning, square, Rome, China, comrade, spring, summer, winter, duty, art, picture, try, enter, hurry, tired, write, report, well, prepare, whole, return, scenery, difficult, department, combine, time, during, term, parents, hope, spoke, store.

 

Таблица чтения буквосочетаний гласных

Буква Буквосочетания Звук Примеры
A a a ₊ ir ay, ai a ₊ n a ₊ f a ₊ s ₊ согласная a ₊ th a ₊ l a ₊ ll a ₊ lk w ₊ ar w (h) ₊ a aw a ₊ nge   au  (gh)   [ɛ ǝ ] [eı ]     [ɑ: ]     [ɔ: ]     [wɔ ] [ɔ: ] [eı ] [ɔ: ] air, hair, chair, pair, fair play, pay, say, day, today plant, branch, can't after, craft grass, class, fast, task path, rather, father   half, palm all, ball, tall, call, small chalk, talk, walk   war, warm, award, reward was, what, want, wash, watch   law, saw, draw, strawberry change, strange, exchange   author, autumn, daughter, caught  
E e ee, ea ea ₊ d, th, lth но: ea ₊ r ₊ согл. ear, eer ew   ei er ( в суффиксе) ey ( под ударением) но: ey ( в неударном слоге) [ı: ]   [e] [ǝ: ] [ı ǝ ] [ju: ] [ı: ] [ǝ ] [eı ]   [ı ] see, meet, tree, green, sea, meat, tea head, dead, bread, death, health   earn, earth, early, learn hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear new, knew, newspaper, few   ceiling, receive, deceive, seize worker, driver, painter they, grey, obey     money, hockey, trolley
I i ie ( перед согласной) ie ( в конце слова) igh i ₊ nd   i ₊ ld [ı: ] [aı ] [aı ]   field, pierce, niece, brief, chief lie, tie, die night, fight, high, sigh, flight kind, find, mind, blind но: wind, window   mild, child но: children
O o oo ₊ n, l oo ₊ k ou ough ₊ t oa ow – в середине слова ow - в конце слова   oy, oi   o ₊ ld our   our, ower o ₊ m, n, v, th   ous or [u: ] [u] [au] [ɔ: ] [ɔ u] [au]   [ou]   [ɔ ı ]   [ou] [ɔ: ] [auǝ ] [ʌ ] [u] [ǝ ] [ǝ ] moon, soon, too, spoon look, book, took, cook house, round, out но: should, could bought, thought, brought coat, boat, soap, road, toast   town, brown, down, power window, slow, row, snow, grow но: now, how choice, coin, boil   old, cold, sold, hold, told   four, court, course, your   our, hour, shower, flower, tower some, among, money, glove, mother но: prove, move, movement famous, dangerous, various doctor, tractor, conductor
U u ue после r, l ure - в открытом слоге после – s     u – в закрытом слоге после f, p, b u - в открытом слоге после r, j [ju: ] [u: ]   [uǝ ] [ʌ ]   [u]   [u: ] due, sue, hue true, blue   sure, surely но: sugar   full, push, bush, bull   rule, June, jubilee, rumour
Y y перед гласной в начале слова в безударном положении на конце слова [j]   [ı ] yes, yet, year, yesterday     city, money, holiday, lady, lazy, fifty

 

Тренировочные упражнения

Прочитайте слова.

[ı: ] – we, week, weak, field, receive, he, seek, speak, piece, deceive

[ɑ: ] – far, father, pass, ask, half, plant, hard, rather, grass, task, calm, can't

[ɔ: ] – short, all, author, daughter, fought, war, door, fall, because, taught

[ɔ u] – stone, boat, low, cold, spoke, soap, show, most, whole, know

[au] – found, how, round, now, out, down, South

[ɔ ı ] – boil, toy, coin, joy, spoil, enjoy, soil, boy

[aı ] – fine, fight, child, kind, sign, life, night, mild, mind, design

[eı ] – make, rain, day, grey, eight, lake, wait, say, they, weigh, neighbour

[ǝ: ] – person, shirt, curtain, early, world, term, skirt, burn, earn, worth

[ʌ ] – must, love, young, blood, enough, cup, some, trouble, tough

[u: ] – do, moon, group, move, spoon, rouble

[uǝ ] – poor, moor, tour, tourist

[ɛ ǝ ] – parents, pair, there, bear, spare, hair, where, pear

[ı ǝ ] – near, dear, here, mere

2. Подготовьте фонетическое чтение текста.

We have three meals a day: breakfast, dinner and supper. We usually do not have lunch. As a rule we have bread and butter, eggs, ham or sausage for breakfast. We also drink a cup of tea or coffee. I like strong coffee. I don't like coffee with milk. On weekdays we have our dinner at the canteen. The canteen is near our office. It's a self – service canteen. Usually we take salad, soup, beefsteak with vegetables or potatoes. For dessert we take stewed fruit. When we come home from work we have our supper: fish or meat, cheese, bread, butter and tea. We try to obey the rule: " Eat at pleasure, drink with measure".

2. Запишите парами слова, имеющие различное написание, но одинаковое звучание:

Our, meat, peace, cent, knew, too, sea, there, whole, fool, be, flower, week, their, see, two, new, sent, piece, meet, hole, full, hour, flour, weak, bee.

 


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