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Повелительные(imperative) и восклицательные (exclamatory) предложения



В косвенных повелительных и восклицательных предложениях, чаще всего согласование времён отсутствует. В зависимости от контекста могут заменяться глаголы said, told, advised и т.п.

Повелительные предложения

Предложения повелительного наклонения - это предложения приказа, требования, предложения, совета и т.п. Например: “открой двери”, “помоги мне”, “учи уроки”. Очень часто используются такие слова, как requested, ordered, advised, suggested, forbade и not to do something.

“Please help me” → He asked me to help him.

“You should work hard for exam” → He suggested him to work hard for exam.

“Do not tell a lie” → They said to him not to tell a lie.

“Open the door” → He ordered to open the door.

“Do not waste your time” → The teacher advised the students not to waste their time.

“Do not smoke” → Doctor advised me not to smoke.

Восклицательные предложения

Восклицательные предложения – это выражение радости, печали, удивления и т.п. Например: “Ура! Мы победили”, “Увы! Ты опоздал” или “Ого! Классно выглядишь ”. Очень часто используются такие слова, как exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with wonder и т.д.

“Alas! I failed in exam” → She exclaimed with sorrow that she failed in the exam.

“Wow! What a nice shirt it is” → Michel exclaimed with wonder that it was a nice shirt.

“Hurrah! I am selected for the job” → She exclaimed with joy that she was selected for the job.

“Wow! What a pleasant weather it is” → They exclaimed with wonder that it was a pleasant weather.

 

Упражнения

Утвердительные предложения.

 

Упражнение 1. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Переведите в косвенную речь.

 

Example “I work hard, ” Jillian said.

— Jillian said that he worked hard.

 

1. “I am planning to go to Kenya, ” Sally said.

2. “I take my little sister to school every day, ” little Anthony said.

3. “You may take my textbook, ” Nonna said.

4. “They are playing in the gym now, ” Nick said.

5. “I don’t like chocolate, ” Mary said.

6. “My sister is ready to go” Helen said.

7. “My mother usually goes shopping on Saturday, ” the girl said.

8. “The birds build their nests among the trees, ” the teacher said.

9. “I am not married, ” Jimmy said.

10. “I can't read these books. I don’t like them, ” Petra said.


 

 


Упражнение 2. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Переведите в косвенную речь.

 

Example 1: I have already finished the test. -> He said he had already finished the test.

 

1. We have gone on holiday.

2. Nelly can’t write; she has cut her finger.

3. The Ivanovs have travelled to many places.

4. Sam has already learnt the poem.

5. My sister has broken my pencil.

6. My dad has never travelled by plane.

7. Andrew has lost his keys.

8. Jill has never slept in a tent.

 

Example 2: The party finished late. —> He said (that) the party had finished late.

 

1. They lived in a camp when they were on holiday.

2. My brother got up early this morning.

3. Li was a famous sportsman.

4. The couple agreed to meet at six.

5. Yesterday, I saw Mary in the street.

6. Sammy arrived by train.

7. Nicky went home early yesterday.

8. The kids played tennis in the yard.

 

Example 3: I’ll meet them at school. —> He said he would meet them at school.

 

1. The match will take place next week.

2. This work will take little time.

3. My parents will come at 3.

4. Mike will do this exercise later.

5. My friend won’t be able to come.

6. They’ll build a new hotel here.

7. It will rain tomorrow.

8. Sandy won’t be able to come.

9. We’ll have examinations next year.

 

Упражнение 3. Imagine that you met your friend and he told you something. Writ е what he told you.

 

Example: I haven’t seen you for a long time.—> He told me that he hadn’t seen me for a long time.

 

1. I was away from school because I was ill.

2. I phoned you many times but you were out.

3. Some of the schoolmates came to see me.

4. I had a cold and stayed in bed.

5. I watched TV.

6. I’ll come to school next week.

7. I’ll be better I hope.

8. The doctor has given me many pills.

 


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