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OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA



The United States of America is a federative republic. The independence of the USA was declared in 1776, and thir­teen states entered the federation. From 1959 the federation comprises 50 states. The federal district of Columbia with the capital of the country, Washington, is an independent territorial unit.

The United States Constitution, written in 1787, established a government of three branches – legislative, executive and judicial. The president carries out many duties as the head of the executive branch of the government. He is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the USA. The president and vice-president are elected for a term of four years. No person can be elected to the office of the president more than twice. The White House is the president’s official residence.

The Congress is the legislative body of the United States. It consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of the House of Representatives, 435 in number, are chosen every second year. Senators are elected for a term of six years, two senators from each state. One-third of the Senate is renewed every two years.

The Constitution guarantees rights, freedom and justice to all. It consists of a Preamble, seven articles and twenty six amendments. The first ten of them are called the Bill of Rights. Because of the Bill of Rights, police cannot stop and search or arrest a person without good reason, nor can they search anyone’s home without clear cause and the permission of a court.

The states have legislative and executive bodies of their own. Their structure, function and competence are determined by the constitution of each state. But state laws must not conflict with the Constitution of the country.

There are two main parties in the United States: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. They have no permanent membership, nor their programs differ greatly. Membership is determined by election vote.

Vocabulary

federal - федеральный
federative - федеративный
federation - федерация
unit - единица, отдел, раздел
district - район, участок, округ
office - служба, должность
Senate - Сенат
House of Representatives - палата представителей
to renew - обновлять, делать заново
to guarantee - гарантировать
Preamble - преамбула, вступление, предисловие
amendment - поправка (к закону), исправление
to search - разыскивать, розыск, искать
cause - причина
reason - причина, повод,
to permit - позволяти; разрешать
permission - разрешение
court - суд
to determine - определять, устанавливать
permanent - постоянный, неизменный

 1. Прочитайте слова и переведите их на русский язык.

Republic, declaration, federation, territory, vice-president, army, person, residence, congress, senator, preamble, bill, police, arrest, structure, function, competence, conflict.

 

2. переведите на русский язык, определяя принадлежность слов к частям речи.

Independence, federative, territorial, legislation, judicial, government, election, permission, law, membership, federation, legislative, member, police, court, independent.

3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

The independence of the USA, the capital of the country, a government of three branches, the legislative branch of the government, the duties of the president, the elections of the vice-president, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the USA, the office of president, the official residence of the president, the House of Representatives, the executive body of the USA, a term of four years, the Constitution of the USA, arrest of a person, permission of a court.

4.Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в правильную форму.

1. The independence of the USA (to declare) in 1776.

2. The federation (to include) 50 states.

3. The Constitution of the USA (to write) in 1787.

4. The President (to carry out) many duties as head of the executive branch of the government.

5. The senators (to elect) for a term of six years.

6. The Constitution (to guarantee) the rights, freedom and justice to all.

7. The Congress (to consist ) of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

 

5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление пассивного залога.

1. The work of the government is carried out through the various government departments.

2. The government decisions are being discussed in the press and broadcasting systems.

3. The government will have been formed by the beginning of Parliament vocations.

4. The English criminal law has never been reduced to a single code.

5. The State Budget had been adopted by the end of last year.

6. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker.

7. You have the right to call a lawyer and to have one present while you are being questioned.

8. The man was convicted for what he had not done.

9. That house was being built when we came here.

 

6. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. Переведите их.

1. The Criminal Law has been codified since the Criminal Act of New Zealand 1893.

2. The Parliament had passed the important law before going on holiday.

3. The investigation will have been finished successfully by the end of the week.

4. The criminal has been caught at last.

5. The Common Law offences had been codified by 1986.

 8.Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What kind of state is the USA? What is the capital of the USA?

2. What are the branches of the US government?

3. Who is the head of the country? What are his duties?

4. What term is he elected for?

5. What is the legislative body of the USA? What is its structure?

6. What does the Constitution of the USA guarantee? What is the structure of the Constitution?

7. What are the main parties of the USA?

 9. Подготовьте сообщения по следующим темам:

 

1. Political system of the USA.

2. The president and his functions.

3. The Congress and its structure.

Основные понятия: federal, federation, to guarantee, the House of Representatives, office of the president, preamble, amendment.

 

Рекомендованная литература:

Базовая

1. Крашенинина Н.Ф., Агапова Ю.И., Калюжная В.Ю. Английский язык для студентов, курсантов и слушателей юридических факультетов и вузов МВД: Учебное пособие // 3-е издание, исправленное и дополненное. – Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2004.

2. Крашенинина Н.Ф., Агапова Ю.И., Калюжная В.Ю. Английский язык для студентов, курсантов и слушателей юридических факультетов и вузов МВД: Учебное пособие // 3-е издание, исправленное и дополненное. – Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2004.

3.Английский языка: уч.-метод. пос. для курсантов виших учебных заведений системы МВД Украины/В.Ю. Калюжная, М.В. Кубракова; МВД Украины, Луган. гос. ун-т внутр. дел им. Э.А. Дидоренко. – Луганск: РИО ЛГУВС им. Э.А. Дидоренко, 2013. – 272 с.

4.Андрианов С.Н. и др.. Англо-русский юридический словарь/               С.Н. Андрианов, А.С.Берсон, А.С.Никифоров. – М.: РУССО, 2003. – 512с.

5. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс./ Под ред. Т.Н.Шишкиной. – М.: ИКД «Зерцало-М», 2012. – 256 с.

7. 4.Голицынский Ю.Б. Сборник упражнений. – 7-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2010. – 544 с.

                              Вспомагательная

1.Паркер К., Петросян Ю. А., Ушакова Л. Л.Английский для юристов: Учебное пособие Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2005. – 128 с.

2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Сборник упражнений. – 6-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2007. – 544 с.

 

 Правоохранительные органы Великобритании и Соединенных Штатов Америки.

Занятие № 7-8

Тема: «Полиция Великобритании» (4 часа)

(инфинитивные конструкции)

ЦЕЛЬ:

- образовательная: ознакомиться с общей информацией о структуре полицейской системы и ее функциях в Великобритании;

- развивающая: развивать навыки чтения, перевода, профессиональной коммуникации;

- воспитательная: воспитывать толерантное отношение к представителям других культур.

 

План.

1.Чтение текста.

2.Работа с лексикой.

3. Выполнение лексических упражнений.

4. Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив. Выполнение грамматических упражнений.

 

 

Практические задания

      

Прочитайте текст, пользуясь словами, данными ниже.

BRITISH POLICE SYSTEM

There are 155 different police forces in Britain. Each of these forces is a separate body, independent of the others, and each operates only within its own area, under the command of its Chief Constable, and is administrated by its own local police authority.

Police is an agency of a community or government that is responsible for maintaining public order and preventing and detecting crime.

Police forces are composed of police officers. Police officers have the same rates of pay and the same conditions of service, and all are subject to the same code of discipline. Each of them takes the same personal oath of loyalty to the Crown and has the same power and authority under the law. Regular police officers usually serve for 25 years or more and then retire.

There is a hierarchy of ranks with regular grades of subordination – chief constables, superintendents, inspectors, sergeants and constables.

A constable has many powers and duties: he alone can arrest persons found committing certain offences and he can arrest on suspicion in certain circumstances, then he must under certain statutes accept an offender and bring him before a magistrate.

In matters of organisation and operation there is a little difference between one police force and another. Each police force has its own headquarters, in which the Chief Constable, his deputy and his staff work. All Chief Constables have common background of police work and a practical knowledge of police matters and problems.

Outside the headquarters, the police area is usually divided into territorial divisions, each under a senior officer. Namely here the performance of duties is arranged and reports of the offices on duty are received and considered. Below the divisional headquarters are the police stations, which form the first point of contact with the public.

Vocabulary

police force - полиция, полицейское подразделение
police officer - офицер полиции; полицейский
constable - констебль, полицейский, полисмен
sergeant - сержант полиции
superintendant - старший полицейский офицер
chief constable - начальник полиции (в городе, орафстве)
authority - власть
to maintain public order - поддерживать общественный порядок
to detect crime - виявлять правонарушение
rates of pay - плата, зарплата
conditions of service - условия службы
code of discipline - дисциплинарный статут (кодекс)
oath of loyalty - клятва на верность
to serve - служить
to retire - уходить в отставку
hierarchy of ranks - иерархия званий
subordination - подчинение, субординация
to commit a crime (an offence) - совершать преступление (правонарушение)
to arrest on suspicion - Арестовать по подозрению
circumstances - обстоятельства
to accept - принимать, принять
magistrate - магистрат, мировой судья
headquarters - штаб-квартира; главное полицейское управление
deputy - заместитель
staff - личный состав
background of police work - стаж работи в полиции
territorial division - территориальное подразделение
senior officer - старший офицер
report - рапорт
police station - полицейский участок

 1. Образуйте существительные от глаголов.

To operate, to serve, to prevent, to differ, to divide, to enforce, to arrest, to perform, to preserve, to detect, to maintain, to form, to commit, to surbordinate.

 2. Прочитайте и переведите.

Rates of pay, conditions of service, code of discipline, enforcement of the law, preservation of life and property, oath of loyalty to the Crown, hierarchy of ranks, grades of subordination, powers of the constable, performance of duties, knowledge of police matters, background of police work, headquarters of police, matters of organisation.

 

3.Замените глагольные словосочетания сочетаниями с именем существительным.

To enforce the law, to preserve the life and property, to prevent the crime, to arrest an offender, to divide the police area, to serve in police, to perform the duties, to know the police work, to suspect a person.

4. Заполните пропуски недостающими словами.

1. There are 155 different … in Britain.

2. Police is an agency of a community or government that is responsible for …

3. Police officers have the same …

4. Each police officer takes … to the Crown.

5. Regular police officers usually serve for …

6. The powers and duties of the police officers are …

7. Each police force has its …

8. The police area is usually divided into …

5.Напишите, что заставил сделать вашего друга офицер полиции, когда тот был задержан. Начните с : The officer made me…

1) to show my pockets;

2) to sit by the wall;

3) to answer the officer’s questions;

4) to call mother;

5) to tell about the circumstances;

6) to tell the truth;

7) to put signature.

6. переведите следующие словосочетания, используя данные ключевые слова.

Police                       ► подразделение, офицер, участок,

                                   власть, орган

Hierarchy of ranks ► констебль, сержант, инспектор,

                                  старший полицейский офицер,

                                  начальник полиции

Police divisions     ► штаб-квартира, террториальное

                                         подразделение, полицейский участок

 7.Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. How many police forces are there in Britain?

2. Where do they operate?

3. What is police responsible for?

4. Whom are police forces composed of?

5. Do all police officers have the same conditions of service?

6. What oath does each constable take?

7. What powers and duties has a constable?

8. Who is at the head of the police force?

9. Who works in the headquarters?

10.  What kind of work is performed in the territorial divisions?

11. What are below the divisional headquarters? What do constables do there?

8.Переведите предложения, определив форму инфинитива.

1. It is necessary to help him.

2. He was the first to have come here.

3. I know him to have done this work.

4. Police forces operate within its own area to prevent crimes.

5. The constable intended to have arrested the offender.

6. You could have searched his house alone.

7. They must be doing their home task now.

8. I would like to see the witness again.

9.

Основные понятия: police, police authority, constable, superintendant, sergeant, to commit a crime, to suspect.

 

Рекомендованная литература:

Базовая

1. Крашенинина Н.Ф., Агапова Ю.И., Калюжная В.Ю. Английский язык для студентов, курсантов и слушателей юридических факультетов и вузов МВД: Учебное пособие // 3-е издание, исправленное и дополненное. – Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2004.

2. Крашенинина Н.Ф., Агапова Ю.И., Калюжная В.Ю. Английский язык для студентов, курсантов и слушателей юридических факультетов и вузов МВД: Учебное пособие // 3-е издание, исправленное и дополненное. – Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2004.

3.Английский языка: уч.-метод. пос. для курсантов виших учебных заведений системы МВД Украины/В.Ю. Калюжная, М.В. Кубракова; МВД Украины, Луган. гос. ун-т внутр. дел им. Э.А. Дидоренко. – Луганск: РИО ЛГУВС им. Э.А. Дидоренко, 2013. – 272 с.

4.Андрианов С.Н. и др.. Англо-русский юридический словарь/               С.Н. Андрианов, А.С.Берсон, А.С.Никифоров. – М.: РУССО, 2003. – 512с.

5. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс./ Под ред. Т.Н.Шишкиной. – М.: ИКД «Зерцало-М», 2012. – 256 с.

8. 4.Голицынский Ю.Б. Сборник упражнений. – 7-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2010. – 544 с.

                              Вспомагательная

1.Паркер К., Петросян Ю. А., Ушакова Л. Л.Английский для юристов: Учебное пособие Луганск: РИО ЛАВД, 2005. – 128 с.

2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Сборник упражнений. – 6-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2007. – 544 с.

 


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