Answer the question: Is it possible to combine several types of paragraphs in your abstract for finding the best way to express your ideas?

 

There are several types of paragraphs, which are organised differently. So you may choose the best way to present your project ideas.

A paragraph of description has one topic. The topic sentence is the first sentence. It includes the topic and main idea of the paragraph. The other sentences give details about the main idea. In a paragraph of description, the adjectives are important.

In a paragraph of process, you write about each step in a series of actions. It’s important to write these actions in order of time (What happens first? What happens next? ). Begin with the topic (your learned action) in the first sentence

In a paragraph of analysis you state your opinion about the subject. This is your topic sentence.

Then give a reason to support your opinion. Explain how the reason supports it.

In a paragraph of comparison, you write about the similarities and differences between two things or ideas. One way to do this is to begin with your main idea in a topic sentence and then list the similarities and next the differences.

 

VI. a) Choose a project theme. Write an abstract for communication according to the requirements given in exercise V. b). The cliché s in Appendix 6 may help.

b) Evaluate your abstract. Answer the questions on the checklist below (write YES or NO). Exchange your abstract with a partner’s one. Write YES or NO on your partner’s checklist. Use the answers on the checklist to help you to rewrite your abstract .

Editing checklist

 

Points to check for	My check	My partner’s check
Is the abstract no more than 1 page and maximum three paragraphs?
Is the first sentence the thesis statement?
Does each paragraph deal with one central idea?
Are the ideas supported carefully?
Do the transitions between paragraphs link them together logically?
Is there a conclusion with some new ideas to challenge the readers to think further?
Is the layout correct?
Is the style correct?
Are the cliché s used properly?

 

 

Unit 2. Visual aids

Start-up

I. Tongue twisters to be remembered:

a)

 

 

b)

 

 

c) Listen:

 

d) Give appropriate translation to the sayings. Remember four of them:

 

E) Make up a small sayings-based dialogue.

II. a) Read out the numbers and quantities. Then listen and check.

a) 3.142	a) 16 kHz	i) 12V DC
b) 1150 mm	b) 30 mA	j) 106
c) 250 MB	c) 0º C	k) 10-12
d) 60 GB	d) 73 %	l) 40: 1

b) Listen and write down the numbers and quantities you hear.

Lead-in

III. a) Look at the visuals. What are they called in English? Match the pictures with the definitions.

1)	bar chart	3)	pie chart	5)	technical drawing
2)	table	4)	flow chart	6)	picture

A.	B.
C.	D.
E.	F.

b) Discuss the following questions.

1. Why do presenters use visual aids?

2. What types of visuals can you name? What visuals have you used?

3. What computer programmes will help you to create visuals?

c) Read the English cliché s to describe visuals. Divide them into three categories listed below. Match the English cliché s with their Russian equivalents.

 

1) a presenter notes which parts of the visuals are important and explains why he/she uses them;

2) a presenter introduces the visuals;

3) a presenter checks understanding of the results.

1.	1. Have a look at this chart (British). / Take a look at this diagram (American). 2. I'd like you to look at this drawing. 3. Here we can see ….. 4. The graph represents …. 5. The picture shows/gives information about… 6. Let’s now look at the next slide which shows… 7. First, let me explain the graph. 8. You can see that different colours have been used to indicate…	A.	1. Мне бы хотелось более подробно рассмотреть эту часть графика. 2. Мне бы хотелось обратить ваше внимание на значение вот этой цифры. 3. Мне бы хотелось привести несколько любопытных фактов. 4. Как вы можете видеть/ как видите… 5. Также я хочу обратить ваше внимание на… 6. Если вы обратите внимание на…, то заметите, что... 7. Прежде всего, мне хотелось бы обратить ваше внимание на… 8. Мне бы хотелось привлечь ваше внимание к… 9. Давайте рассмотрим… более подробно.
2.	1. I'd like us to look at this part of the graph in more detail. 2. I'd like you to focus your attention on the significance of this figure here. 3. I'd like to point out one or two interesting details. 4. As you can see … 5. I'd also like to draw your attention to … 6. If you look at it more closely, you'll notice … 7. I’d like to start by drawing your attention to… 8. What I’d like to point out here is… 9. Let’s look more closely at…	B.	1. Уверен/а, что результаты этих расчетов очевидны. 2. Полагаю, выводы, сделанные из этого графика понятны всем.
3.	1. I'm sure the results of these estimations are obvious. 2. I think the conclusions to be drawn from this graph are clear to all of us.	C.	1. Обратите внимание на данную схему/ диаграмму. 2. Мне бы хотелось, обратить ваше внимание на этот чертеж. 3. Здесь вы можете видеть… 4. На графике представлены… 5. На рисунке показаны/ дана информация о… 6. Позвольте обратить ваше внимание на следующий слайд, где показаны… 7. Прежде всего, позвольте мне дать пояснения к графику. 8. Как видите, разными цветами обозначены…

d) Match the two parts to make sentences to talk about visuals.

1.	Let’s now have a look	a.	shows our revenues since 2011.
2.	The black line gives us	b.	the next pie chart.
3.	Each line on the graph indicates	c.	at how the new division will be structured.
4.	In the upper right-hand corner	d.	attention to the figures in the left-hand column.
5.	The graph on the following slide	e.	you can see the specifications for the TP model.
6.	Now I’d like you to take	f.	the sales figures for the VW Fox.
7.	The names of the new models are listed	g.	table on the right.
8.	You can see the test results in the	h.	a look at the next slide.
9.	This aspect of the problem is illustrated	i.	the production output of a different product.
10.	I’d like to draw your	j.	across the top.

IV. a) Listen to the report about the use of plastics and complete the chart.

 

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