Тема практического занятия №19,20: LEGAL SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Задания: Read the following text and write short headings for each paragraph.

1._______________________

The spread of common law in the world is due both to the once widespread influence of Britain in the world and the growth of its former colony, the United States. Political divergence has produced legal divergence from England. Unified federal law is only a small part of American law. Most of it

is produced by individual states and reflects various traditions. The state of Louisiana, for example, has a Roman civil form of law which derives from its days as a French colony. California has a case law tradition, but its laws are codified as extensively as many Continental systems. Quebec is an island of French law in the Canadian sea of case law. In India, English common law has been codified and adopted alongside a Hindu tradition of law. Sri Lanka has inherited a criminal code from the Russian law introduced by the Dutch, and an uncodified civil law introduced by the British.

2._________________________

Continental systems have resulted from attempts by governments to produce a set of codes to govern every legal aspect of a citizen’s life. Versions of Roman law had long influenced many parts of Europe, including the case law traditions of Scotland, but had little impact on English law. It is important not to exaggerate the differences between these two traditions of law. For one thing, many case law systems, such as California’s, have areas of law that have been comprehensively codified. For another, many countries can be said to have belonged to the Roman tradition long before codifying their laws, and large uncodified areas of the law still remain. French public law has never been codified, and French courts have produced a great deal of case law in interpreting codes that become out of date because of social change. The clear distinction between legislature and judiciary has weakened in many countries, including Germany, France and Italy, where courts are able to challenge the constitutional legality of a law made by Parliament.

Тема СРСП 19, 20: legal systems in different countries

Задания: Закончите предложения согласно содержанию текста

1) Constitution establishes …

· the principles of independence and partial sovereignty of the RK

· equalities of ideologies but not religions

· the principle of separation of powers

2) As for the federative structure, the Constitution …

· covers the questions that are exclusively in the jurisdiction of the RF leaving out the competence of federal and local authorities

· contains the list of component units of the RF

· covers only those questions that are in the joint jurisdiction of federal and local authorities

3) The bodies of federal power are…

· the Federal Assembly of the RF and the judiciary of the RF

· the President of the RF and the Government of the RF

· all the bodies mentioned above in a) and b)

4) The Federal Assembly of the RF represents

· the legislature

· the judiciary

· the executive branch

5) The Constitution determines…

· the extent of the jurisdiction of the executive branch

· the order and the terms of office of the governmental officials

· both

6) Judicial power is implemented by means of …

· civil and criminal legal proceedings

· constitutional and administrative legal proceedings

· all the proceedings mentioned in a) and b)

Форма отчетности: письменно

Задания на СРС 19, 20:

Задания: Соотнесите слова из правой колонки с их определениями из левой колонки.

1. an official 2. the legislative power 3. immunity 4. supervision 5. the executive power 6. competence 7. enforcement 8. the judicial power 9. legal proceeding 10. impartiality

11. freedom from favoritism, disinterestedness, fairness 12. the quality or condition of being legally qualified to perform an act 13. a giving force to, authority, or effect to 14. one who holds an office or position, especially one who acts in a subordinate capacity for an institution such as a corporation or governmental agency 15. the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state 16. the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state affairs 17. all actions that are authorized or sanctioned by law and instituted in a court or a tribunal for the acquisition of rights or the enforcement of remedies 18. authority belonging to an officially elected body of people vested with the responsibility to make laws 19. authoritative control over the affairs of others 20. exemption from normal legal duties, penalties, or liabilities, granted to a special group of people

Форма отчетности: письменно

Основная литература

1. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс (2001-2008)

2. Just English. 101 Texts on Law. Для будущих юристов

3. Just English. Legal Crosswords

4. Just English.Clones are Coming

5. Английский для юристов: учебник English for Law Students, Зеликман А. Я., Ростов-на-Дону, «Феникс», 2006

6. Английский язык для юристов, Шевелева С.А., Издательство: Юнити-Дана; 2005

7. Английский для юристов, Коллектив, Издательство: Омега — Л, Год: 2006

8. Курс юридического перевода, Назарова.

9. Перевод в сфере юриспруденции, Борисова Л.А. ВГУ, 2005.

10. Английский язык в международных документах: Право, торговля, дипломатия: для студентов факультетов международных отношений, международного права и иностр. яз. / И. И. Борисенко, Л. И. Евтушенко. Киев, 2001.

11. Английский язык для юристов, Колесникова, Нина Анатольевна: Москва, 2006.

12. Английский язык для юристов. Branches of law: Е. К. Павлова, Т. Н. Шишкина. — Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2002

13. Test your professional English: Law: intermediate: upper-intermediate: advanced / Nick Brieger. — Harlow: Pearson Education; Harlow: Penguin English, 2006.

Неделя 11.

Тема практического занятия № 21, 22: LEGAL SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Задания: Read the following text and write short headings for each paragraph.

1.___________________________

Despite a tradition of private law that more closely resembled English principles of judicial precedent, the law-makers of Meiji Japan decided to adopt criminal and civil codes closely based on the existing French models. However, this rapid import of a new system was to a large extent an attempt to give Japan the appearance of a modernized, even Westernized country, and

the way in which justice was actually administered continued to reflect older Japanese principles of refraining wherever possible from formal and open methods of solving disputes. New codes of law developed under the postwar occupation show some influence from Anglo-American common law

traditions (such as statutory forms of trust).

4._______________________________

Socialist countries in the 20-th century have produced very strong centralized state institutions and complex legal systems alongside them. The leaders of the Soviet Revolution, and hence the governments of many nations that came under Soviet influence, tried to apply socialist ideology to a Continental civil law tradition in as systematic and comprehensive a way as possible. This

ideology is clearly stated, and socialist law-makers criticized both common law and previous civil law systems for masking their own capitalist ideology in apparently neutral, unbiased institutions. In China, law courts are still primarily regarded as political instruments, used both to control theft and violence and to deal with political opponents. But recently, citizens in some areas have been encouraged to seek legal redress in disputes with other citizens, for example, over consumer matters. Attempts have been made to codify Chinese law comprehensively, but so far there has been little progress.

Тема СРСП 19, 20: legal systems in different countries

Задания:

Answer the questions.

1 What is the reason for spreading of the common law in the world?

2. Are there any differences in legal systems of individual states in the USA, Canada and India? Give examples of diversity.

3. What countries were influenced by the Continental system of law?

Задания на СРС 19, 20:

Answer the questions.

Which of the systems influenced socialist countries?
What does law court mean for the Chinese?

Основная литература

1. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс (2001-2008)

2. Just English. 101 Texts on Law. Для будущих юристов

3. Just English. Legal Crosswords

4. Just English.Clones are Coming

5. Английский для юристов: учебник English for Law Students, Зеликман А. Я., Ростов-на-Дону, «Феникс», 2006

6. Английский язык для юристов, Шевелева С.А., Издательство: Юнити-Дана; 2005

7. Английский для юристов, Коллектив, Издательство: Омега — Л, Год: 2006

8. Курс юридического перевода, Назарова.

9. Перевод в сфере юриспруденции, Борисова Л.А. ВГУ, 2005.

11. Английский язык для юристов, Колесникова, Нина Анатольевна: Москва, 2006.

12. Английский язык для юристов. Branches of law: Е. К. Павлова, Т. Н. Шишкина. — Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2002

13. Test your professional English: Law: intermediate: upper-intermediate: advanced / Nick Brieger. — Harlow: Pearson Education; Harlow: Penguin English, 2006.

Неделя 12.

Тема практического занятия №23, 24: The US constitution

Задания: Read the text, be sure that you know all the words and expressions, be ready to discuss it.

The form of the US government is based on the Constitution of 1787 which was adopted after the War of Independence. The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 27 amendments. The first 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights and were adopted in 1791 under popular pressure.

The Bill of Rights is a series of limitations on the power of the United States federal government, protecting the natural rights and liberties, property including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, as well as the right to keep and carry arms. In federal criminal cases, it requires indictment by a grand jury for any capital crime, guarantees a speedy, public trial with an impartial jury composed of members of the state in which the crime occurred.

A key feature of the US Constitution is federalism – the division of power between the national government and the states. Another major feature of the Constitution is the principle of the separation of powers within the national government. According to this principle the executive, legislative and judicial branches exercise powers that are largely separate and distinct. There is not a strict and complete separation of powers, the powers of the three branches overlap. Each branch has its own responsibilities, but no branch has more power than the other branches. There is the system of checks and balances, that is each branch has certain duties to check the powers of the other branches. This system was meant to protect against the extremes since it makes compromise and consensus necessary.

The legislative branch is called the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It is the responsibility of the Congress to propose and pass laws. In the system of checks and balances, Congress can refuse to approve Presidential appointments and can override presidential veto.

The executive branch consists of the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet and the 13 Departments, and also of the independent agencies. Its responsibility is to enforce laws. According to the principle of checks and balances, the President has the power of veto to reject the bill of the Congress. He also appoints all Supreme Court Justices.

The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, 11 Circuit Courts of Appeals and 94 District Courts. This branch explains and interprets laws and makes decisions in lawsuits. It has the power over the other two branches and according to the principle of checks and balances can declare their actions and laws unconstitutional in case they violate the principles of the Constitution.

Тема СРСП 23, 24: The US constitution

Задания:

Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы

1. What makes the UK Constitution different from other constitutions?

2. What are the sources of the UK Constitution?

3. What is the core principle of the UK Constitution?

4. What bodies represent the three branches of power (executive, legislative and judiciary)?

Форма отчетности: устно

Задания на СРС 23, 24: The US constitution

1. When was the US Constitution adopted?

2. What does the US Constitution consist of?

3. How are the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution called?

4. What rights and liberties are protected under the Bill of Rights?

5. What is required in federal criminal cases?

6. What kind of trial is guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?

7. What are key features of the US Constitution?

8. What are the three branches of power according to the Constitution?

9. Is there a strict separation of powers?

10. Does any branch have more power than the others?

11. What duties does every branch have regarding the other branches under the principle of checks and balances?

12. What are the composition and powers of the judicial branch according to the US Constitution?

Форма отчетности: устно

Основная литература

1. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс (2001-2008)

2. Just English. 101 Texts on Law. Для будущих юристов

3. Just English. Legal Crosswords

4. Just English.Clones are Coming

5. Английский для юристов: учебник English for Law Students, Зеликман А. Я., Ростов-на-Дону, «Феникс», 2006

6. Английский язык для юристов, Шевелева С.А., Издательство: Юнити-Дана; 2005

7. Английский для юристов, Коллектив, Издательство: Омега — Л, Год: 2006

8. Курс юридического перевода, Назарова.

9. Перевод в сфере юриспруденции, Борисова Л.А. ВГУ, 2005.

11. Английский язык для юристов, Колесникова, Нина Анатольевна: Москва, 2006.

12. Английский язык для юристов. Branches of law: Е. К. Павлова, Т. Н. Шишкина. — Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2002

13. Test your professional English: Law: intermediate: upper-intermediate: advanced / Nick Brieger. — Harlow: Pearson Education; Harlow: Penguin English, 2006.

Неделя 13.

Тема практического занятия №25, 26: THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION

Задания: Read the text, be sure that you know all the words and expressions, be ready to discuss it.

The British Constitution is unwritten unlike the constitution in America or the proposed European Constitution, and as such, is referred to as an uncodified constitution in the sense that there is no single document that can be identified as Britain's constitution. The British Constitution can be found in a variety of documents. The main ones are: Statutes (the Magna Carta of 1215 and the Act of Settlement of 1701), Acts of Parliament; customs and traditions, political conventions, case law; constitutional matters decided in a court of law.

Since the English Civil War, the core principle of the British constitution has traditionally been the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, according to which the statutes passed by Parliament are the UK's supreme and final source of law. It follows that Parliament can change the constitution simply by passing new Acts of Parliamentto to be followed by the Royal Assent. There is some debate about whether this principle remains entirely valid today, in part due to the UK's European Union membership.

According to the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, Parliament may pass any legislation that it wishes. There are many Acts of Parliament which themselves have constitutional significance. For example, Parliament has the power to determine the length of its own term. However, the Sovereign retains the power to dissolve parliament at any time on the advice of the Prime Minister. Parliament also has the power to change the structure of its constituent houses and the relation between them.

Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. All the legislation must receive the approval of the Sovereign (Royal Assent). Following the accession of the UK to European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1972, the UK became bound by European law and more importantly, the principle of the supremacy of European Union law.

The House of Commons alone possesses the power to pass a motion of no confidence in the Government, which requires the Government either to resign or seek fresh elections. Such a motion does not require passage by the Lords, or Royal Assent. Parliament traditionally also has the power to remove individual members of the government by impeachment. By the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 it has the power to remove individual judges from office for misconduct.

The executive power in the United Kingdom is exercised by the Sovereign through Her Majesty's Government. The monarch appoints a Prime Minister as the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister then selects the other Ministers which make up the Government. As in some other parliamentary systems of government, the executive is answerable to Parliament.

The Courts of the United Kingdom are separated into three separate jurisidictions serving England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, as the United Kingdom does not have a single unified judicial system.

The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 created a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to take over the judicial functions of the House of Lords and devolution cases from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Supreme Court began work in 2009, and serves as the highest court of appeal in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, and for civil cases in Scotland. The High Court of Justiciary will remain the court of last resort in Scotland for criminal cases.

Тема СРСП 25, 26: THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION

Задания: Согласитесь или опровергните следующие утверждения

1. The British Constitution is unwritten like the Constitutions of the USA and the Proposed European Constitution.

2. The British Constitution can be found in a variety of documents.

3. Amendments to the British Constitution need the approval of the both Houses of Parliament, but they do not need the Royal Assent.

4. The parliamentary sovereignty has always been the core principle of the British Constitution.

5. The Sovereign has no power to dissolve parliament.

6. Parliament has no power to change the structure of its houses.

7. The British Parliament consists only of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

8. The European law has priority over the UK law.

9. The executive power in the United Kingdom is exercised by the Sovereign.

10. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 created a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Задания на СРС 25, 26: выучить

1. according to smth – согласно ч-либо

2. adopt a decree – принимать указ

3. approve a bill – одобрять законопроект

4. be in charge of smth/doing smth – возглавлять ч-либо, нести ответственность за ч-либо

5. bring charges against smb – выдвигать обвинения против к-либо

6. by means of smth – по средствам ч-либо, с помощью ч-либо

7. consider a law – рассматривать закон

8. cover the questions – охватывать вопросы

9. create legislation – создавать закон

10. define basic principles of the constitution – определять основные принципы конституции

11. enter a post – вступать в должность

12. establish the principle of independence, irremovability and immunity – устанавливать принцип независимости, несменяемости и неприкосновенности

13. functions of supervision and control – функции надзора и контроля

14. handle questions – решать вопросы

15. implement judicial power – осуществлять судебную власть

16. law-making body – законодательный орган

17. make amendments – вносить поправки

18. override the veto – отменять вето

19. pass a law – принять закон

20. reach a compromise – прийти к компромиссу

21. reject a bill -отклонять законопроект

22. rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen – права и свободы человека и гражданина

23. take an oath – принимать присягу

24. the principle of equality before law – принцип равенства перед законом

25. the supreme law – высший закон

26. vote on a draft law – голосовать по законопроекту

Форма отчетности: устно

Основная литература

1. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс (2001-2008)

2. Just English. 101 Texts on Law. Для будущих юристов

3. Just English. Legal Crosswords

4. Just English.Clones are Coming

5. Английский для юристов: учебник English for Law Students, Зеликман А. Я., Ростов-на-Дону, «Феникс», 2006

6. Английский язык для юристов, Шевелева С.А., Издательство: Юнити-Дана; 2005

7. Английский для юристов, Коллектив, Издательство: Омега — Л, Год: 2006

8. Курс юридического перевода, Назарова.

9. Перевод в сфере юриспруденции, Борисова Л.А. ВГУ, 2005.

10. Английский язык в международных документах: Право, торговля, дипломатия: для студентов факультетов международных отношений, международного права и иностр. яз. / И. И. Борисенко, Л. И. Евтушенко. Киев, 2001.

11. Английский язык для юристов, Колесникова, Нина Анатольевна: Москва, 2006.

12. Английский язык для юристов. Branches of law: Е. К. Павлова, Т. Н. Шишкина. — Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2002

13. Test your professional English: Law: intermediate: upper-intermediate: advanced / Nick Brieger. — Harlow: Pearson Education; Harlow: Penguin English, 2006.

Неделя 14.

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