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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Exercise 1. Match the terms with their definitionsСтр 1 из 11Следующая ⇒
Предисловие Цель учебного пособия –формирование коммуникативной иноязычной компетенции у студентов технического вуза, включающей: - лингвистическую(языковую) компетенцию, которая формируется в упражнениях на основе нового лексико – грамматического материала и терминологической базы отрасли; - речевую компетенцию, которая формируется на основе навыков аудирования и говорения при обсуждении содержания прочитанного при активном использовании в речи новых лексических единиц; - социокультурную ( лингвострановедческую )компетенцию, которая формируется при изучении зарубежного инженерного опыта, представленного в аутентичных англоязычных профессионально ориентированных текстах. Данная страноведческая информация расширяет кругозор студентов и знакомит с реалиями международного инженерного дискурса. Тематика учебных материалов знакомит студентов с инновационными подходами к проектированию наземных транспортных средств и терминологической системой подъязыка специальности, что содействует формированию социолингвистической компетенции будущих инженеров. По структуре учебное пособие состоит из 6 тематических модульных блоков, приложения и сквозного англо-русского словаря. Каждый блок содержит лексические упражнения, направленные на расширение активного и пассивного словаря студентов. При отборе терминологического минимума использованы принципы частотности, семантической ценности и профессиональной значимости словосочетаний. Формирование умений критически оценивать важность информации, аргументировать свою точку зрения и выражать личное отношение к описываемой в тексте проблеме позволяет совершенствовать речевую компетенцию. В учебном пособии предусмотрены задания для самостоятельной подготовки устных сообщений со слайдами на профессионально значимые темы, что соответствует квалификационным требованиям ГС ВПО 3-го поколения, уровень бакалавра. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, обучающихся по направлению «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы» Аннотация Учебное пособие «Обучение студентов чтению и устной речи на английском языке по направлению «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы» содержат учебные материалы: аутентичные тексты на английском языке, словарные терминологические блоки, предтекстовые и послетекстовые лексико-грамматические упражнения, способствующие пониманию и осмыслению прочитанного. При выполнении заданий, направленных на развитие и совершенствование умений и навыков устной речи по профессиональной тематике предусмотрено использование возможностей информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Учебные материалы предназначены для студентов старших курсов, обучающимся машиностроительным специальностям и могут использоваться как для самостоятельной, так и для аудиторной работы под руководством преподавателя. Объем – 4 п.л. Структура учебного пособия и типы упражнений позволяют представить его в мультимедийном формате и разместить на сервере университета по адресу e-learning.bmstu.ru., что значительно расширит возможности студентов в рамках самостоятельной работы.
УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ-923 И20 Рецензент Н.О. Труфанова
Обучение студентов чтению и устной речи на английском языке по направлению «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы»: учебное пособие/ Л.И. Иванова. И.О. Нещадим — М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2015. — с.: ил.
Учебное пособие «Обучение студентов чтению и устной речи на английском языке по направлению «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы» содержат учебные материалы: аутентичные тексты на английском языке, словарные терминологические блоки, предтекстовые и послетекстовые лексико-грамматические упражнения, способствующие пониманию и осмыслению прочитанного. При выполнении заданий, направленных на развитие и совершенствование умений и навыков устной речи по профессиональной тематике предусмотрено использование возможностей информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Учебные материалы предназначены для студентов старших курсов, обучающимся машиностроительным специальностям и могут использоваться как для самостоятельной, так и для аудиторной работы под руководством преподавателя. Объем – 4 п.л. Структура учебного пособия и типы упражнений позволяют представить его в мульти-медийном формате и разместить на сервере университета по адресу e-learning.bmstu.ru., что значительно расширит возможность студентов в рамках самостоятельной работы. УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ-923
Ó МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2015 Unit 1 Newwords Nouns
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Text 1 A. Are Gas Engines Now More Efficient Than Diesel? Exercise 5.Find the answers in the right column.
It is more easily turbo-charged. Text 1C. Engines and Exhaust after Treatment Systems Unit 2 New Words Nouns
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Exercise 1. Match the pairs of synonyms:
Unit 3 New words Nouns
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Exercise 1. Match the pairs of synonyms
Composites save weight 2. Potential weight savingsoffered by structural composite materials are significant. Estimates of the relative weight savings and costs that could be achieved by replacing steel with current carbon-fiber- reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) range from 50 to 60% at two to ten times the cost. Substituting glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) for steel could cut weight by a quarter to a third with a comparatively modest— 50%—cost rise. Composites can do the job, but it is a different material that requires careful predictive analysis as well as design with its special behavior in mind. Using finite elementanalysis, engineers designed the component to exhibit stiffness as well as modal and crash performance equivalent to that of a steel structure. Topics for reports 1. Application of composite materials in automotive research. 2. Aspects of lightweight car design. 3. Advances in car design 4. Composite materials and car performance. Text 3 B. UK Specialist Drives Composite Advance Read text 3 B and render it in English: 1. For some time, the automobile industry has been searching for cost-effective lightweight carbon fiber technologies capable of improving speed and fuel efficiency. In the unique body panels developed by UK advanced composites specialist SP and used on the newly-launched MG X-Power SV sports car, it could just have found what it is looking for. 3. SP's expertise derives from its involvement in revolutionary changes in boatbuilding techniques in the 1980s. SP has become a leading supplier of advanced composites for the marine, wind energy and automotive markets. It has also built a reputation for the skill with which it combines material science, structural design and process engineering. In the automobile market, its reputation owes much to SPRINT® CBS, a material that weighs 20% that of steel for the equivalent stiffness, and SF95, a surfacing film that matches the car's performance. For mass producing 20, 000 cars, steel and aluminum are still likely to be the cheapest option, but for 5 to 2, 000 production, carbon fiber could be the answer. (1381 characters ) Notes: SP - a leading supplier of advanced composites for the marine, wind energy and automotive markets. Unit 4 Newwords Nouns
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Unit 5 New words Nouns
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Exercise 1. Match the pairs of synonyms.
Text 5 D 1. Read the following text without a dictionary. 2. Give a title to the text. 3. Render the text in English. 1. The Chinese government and automakers are pushing ahead with the development of green cars. The energy conversion rate of electric vehicles in general is 46 percent higher than in internal combinations engine cars, and they have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 68 percent. 2. In electric power mode, the batteries can sustain up to 90 minutes driving, or 80 kilometers, before the gas engine takes over. The good thing is that the electric car is smooth and quiet. What is more, it saves fuel costs compared to the other cars. But the shortage of recharging stations has made it impractical to take the hybrid car anywhere other than the office. 3. The country also faces the challenge of reducing green-house gas emissions in every sector of the economy. An area that has raised great concern is emissions caused by the explosive growth of the car population in the many sprawling urban districts. As a result, great emphasis has been placed on the developments of green cars that can be widely accepted by consumers. The car, which produces zero emissions, has a range of 120 kilometers on full charge compared to about 80 km for the existing models. Battery performance remains the challenge to the practicality of electric vehicles. (1260 characters) Unit6 Nouns
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Exercise 1. Match the pairs of synonyms
Text 6 A. Supplement Supplementary Texts High-level Gasoline-Ethanol BlendE85 (Unit 1) E85 is a high-level gasoline-ethanol blend containing 51% to 83% ethanol, depending on geography and season. The ethanol content is adjusted according to the local climate to maximize engine performance. It is considered an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct). It can be used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), which are commonly available from domestic and foreign automakers. Motorists will see little difference when using E85 versus gasoline. E85 has about 27% less energy per gallon than gasoline (mileage penalty lessens as ethanol content decreases). But because ethanol is a high-octane fuel, it offers increased vehicle power and performance. (676 characters) Euro 5 and Euro 6 - Emissions From Light Duty Vehicles (Unit 1) New emission limits (Euro 5 and Euro 6) have been introduced for cars and light commercial vehicles with respect to a number of pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides and particulate pollutants. The new standard known as Euro 5 applies as of 1 September 2009 for the approval of vehicles and as of 1 January 2011 for the registration and sale of new types of cars and vans sold in the EU market. This will also make the introduction of particle filters for diesel cars obligatory. Euro 6 will set even lower emission limits. It will be binding for the type approval of vehicles as of 1 September 2014 and for the registration and sale of new types of cars and vans as of 1 September 2015. Ecotec DOHC Four -Cylinder Engine ( Unit 2) Bringing the popular concept car to life, GM announced production of the Pontiac Solstice roadster as a 2006 model. The vehicle is expected in dealer showrooms in fall 2005. First shown as a concept at the 2002 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit, the Solstice immediately gained a huge following, both inside and outside of General Motors. Designed from the ground up in less than four months, the 2002 Solstice concept car promised thrilling, open-air driving freedom in the spirit of the great roadsters of the past. Built on GM's new Kappa architecture, the production model remains true to the original Solstice concept, including rear-wheel drive, two-passenger seating and a reverse hinged clamshell hood that opens to reveal a sophisticated double overhead cam variable-valve four-cylinder engine. (858 characters) Chassis (Unit 2) Strong response to the 2002 Solstice concept vehicle helped put the sports car on the fast track to production. But while the concept was designed with production-style elements, there was no compact rear-wheel-drive platform at GM on which to build it. Creating a production version of the concept vehicle required marrying the Solstice's curvaceous design to an entirely new performance body-chassis architecture. The robust Kappa architecture features state-of-the-art, full-length hydroformed frame rails and a stamped steel structural tunnel to provide a solid structure to enhance vehicle handling. Solstice's power is created by a new 2.4-liter variable-valve version of the Ecotec DOHC four-cylinder engine, producing about 170 horsepower. Its twin-cam, multi-valve design provides stirring, high-revving performance, while the engines lightweight, all-aluminum construction helps optimize the vehicles front-to-rear balance. At the start of production, Solstice will be offered with a close-ratio Aisin five-speed manual transmission. Faithfulness to the concept can be seen in Solstices proportions, which are comparable in terms of overhangs, wheelbase and track width. Independent front and rear suspensions that feature independent SLA designs with forged aluminum upper and lower control arms contribute to responsive handling. Monotube shock absorbers and coil springs contribute to uncompromised handling response and sporty driving characteristics while the wheels-at-the-corners wide stance enhances handling. Eighteen-inch wheels and tires are standard, as are four-wheel disc brakes. (1600 characters) Aspects of Lightweight Design with Door Frames as an Example (Unit 3) Klaus Maier, Gerald Widegger For a number of premium-class vehicles, George Fischer Automotive manufactures innovative door inner frames and door frames using aluminum and magnesium pressure die casting methods. Mercedes-Benz, Aston Martin and Porsche demonstrate that a rear door frame, for instance, can be about 30 % lighter than a comparable sheet-steel component. Lightweight design is regarded as a proven method of reducing fuel consumption and, along with it, the CO2 emissions of passenger cars. According to a rule of thumb, every 100 kg of vehicle weight reduction results in savings of between 0.3 and 0.5 l of fuel every 100km. This corresponds to a reduction of between 8 and 11 g of CO2 per km. The vehicle bodywork, chassis and power train are regarded as those areas with promising weight-saving potentials. Essentially, the selection of materials and production methods depend upon the number of units to be produced and the technical requirements. Taking as examples the door inner frames for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, George Fischer demonstrates what influence these inputs have in practice. The tailor-made door frames feature minimum mass, economic efficiency and high functionality. An upper frame section comprising an aluminum profile is welded onto the one piece aluminum diecast frame. The few MIG welding seams result in minimum component distortion and thus very tight tolerances. This facilitates the assembly work and promises efficient inner-frame sealing between the door’s wet and dry compartments. Georg Fischer selected AlMg5Si2Mn as the material for the door inner frame. Aluminum alloys can be optimized to fulfill a variety of different material requirements, for instance with respect to elongation, tensile strength and deformability (ductility). The experts for light metal at Georg Fischer decided on the “naturally hardening” alloy because it does not require heat treatment. Georg Fischer produces the front and rear door frames for the Porsche Panamera using the aluminum pressure die casting method At a length of maximum 1281 mm, the Aston Martin door inner frames made from magnesium are of above-average size Excellent production properties result from these highly complex casting and processing procedures. The aluminum alloy AlMg5Si2Mn with 5 % magnesium and 2 % silicon and manganese content is easy to stamp and weld. The die cast inner frame for the front doors is longer than 90 cm, maintains tolerance in the 1/10 millimeter range. Wall thicknesses of only 2.2 to 3.5 mm result in a component weight of only about 3.7 kg. Among other things, the inner frame’s economic efficiency results from the moderate number of units produced. The figure here is just under 1500 inner frames produced every day. This means that the unit cost for the aluminum die cast part is lower than that of a new aluminum-sheet component and practically the same as that of a comparable sheet-steel part.(2253 characters) Notes: pressure diecastingлитьеподдавлением Technical Advancement (Unit 3) Back in the 1990s, when aerospace manufacturers started to build airframe components of business jets and commercial airliners from polymer composite materials, many industry observers felt that it would be only a few years before large-volume automakers would begin to follow suit. After all, the lightweight but strong and stiff composites of fiber-reinforced resin had already made the transition from military aircraft structures to civilian ones, and racecars and exotic sports car prototypes featuring mass-efficient carbon-fiber bodies had started to appear. Yes, composites were still too expensive, but many experts believed that continued technical advancement would in due time yield low-cost, mass-produced auto chassis and bodies that could save fuel while enabling new designs that were never previously possible. More than a decade later, however, car structures are still made primarily of steel and other metals, and are likely to stay so for the foreseeable future. Plastics—reinforced and not—have found much greater application in interiors and some non-primary structural applications such as body panels and pickup truck boxes made of reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC), but the OEMs, having sunk large quantities of capital in metal-part fabrication and assembly plants as well as paint operations, have retained what critics call a " steel mentality." In fact, between 2001 and 2007 utilization of thermoset composites—resins that harden permanently at high temperatures—has declined significantly in the automotive sector, according to data collected by theAutomotive Composites Alliance, an industry consortium. (1600 characters) Composites Save Weight (Unit 3) Potential weight savings offered by structural composite materials are significant, reported Joseph Carpenter, Jr., Manager of the lightweight materials technology area development at theU.S. Department of Energy 's Office of Vehicle Technologies, at a federal workshop held on the topic last year. Estimates of the relative weight savings and costs that could be achieved by replacing steel with current carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) range from 50 to 60% at two to ten times the cost. Substituting glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) for steel could cut weight by a quarter to a third with a comparatively modest— 50%—cost rise. |
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