Read and translate the text. 4. Fill in missing words

Vocabulary .

to make – заставлять

to be referred to as – именоваться, называться

to term – называть

to cause – заставлять, вызывать, причинять

although – хотя

to create – создавать

shaft – вал

engine – двигатель

source – источник

wheel – колесо

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

combustion chamber – камера сгорания

to take place – происходить

Read and translate the text.

ENGINE

The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move. It is usually referred to as an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers.

This burning, or combustion, takes place an a high speed termed as an ”explosion”. The high pressure thus created causes a shaft to turn or rotate.

This rotary motion is transmitted to the car so the wheels rotate and the car moves. Most automobile engines have four or six cylinders, although some eight-, twelve- and sixteen cylinder engines are in use.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is transmitted to the car so the wheels rotate?

2. How many cylinders have most automobile engines?

3. What is the source of power?

4. What can you say about internal combustion engine?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. This burning, or combustion, takes place an ( большая скорость).

2. Gasoline is (сгорает внутри цилиндров) or combustion chambers.

3. Power that makes the ( колёса вращаются) and the car move.

4. The high pressure thus created causes a ( вал поворачивается)  or rotate.

5. Most (автомобильные двигатели) have four or six cylinders.

5. Translate into Russian:

· car moves

· high pressure

· internal combustion engine

· wheels go around

· source of power

· rotary motion

· sixteen cylinder engines

· transmitted to the car

· Most automobile engines

· within its cylinders

Практическая работа №2 Topic “ STEAM ENGINE .”

Vocabulary.

steam chest – паросборник

the more...the more - чем больше….тем больше

mostly - главным образом, большей частью

to invent – изобретать

to boil - кипеть

pipe - труба

steam - пар

valves - клапана

piston - поршень

to reach - достигать

pressure - давление

stroke - ход

speed - скорость

opening - отверстие

Read and translate the text.

STEAM ENGINE.

The steam engine was the first high-speed engine ever invented. The principle of the steam engine is simple. When water is boiled, it changes in to steam. The more the steam is heated, the more pressure it has.

A steam engine has some important parts. One is a boiler where fire turns water into steam. The steam goes through a pipe to the other important part - the steam chest with a cylinder and a piston in it. There are valves, or openings, in the steam chest. As the piston moves in the cylinder, it opens and closes the valves automatically, so that fresh steam enters just when the piston has reached the end of its stroke. A rod from the piston is connected to a wheel.

Now steam engines are mostly used in locomotives.

Answer the questions:

1. What is connected to a wheel?

2. What are some important parts of a steam engine?

3. What can you say about the principle of the steam engine?

4. Are there are valves, or openings, in the steam chest?

5. How now steam engines are mostly used?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. One is a boiler where __________water into steam.

2. A rod from the piston ___________to a wheel.

3. The steam engine was the first ____________ever invented.

4. As the __________in the cylinder, it opens and closes the_____________, so that fresh steam enters just when the piston has reached the end of its stroke.

Missing words: fire turns, valves automatically, high-speed engine, is connected, piston moves.

5. Translate into English:

· пар нагревается

· поршень движется

· важные части

· огонь превращает воду

· высокоскоростной двигатель

· паросборник с цилиндром

· окончание хода

· соединяется с колесом

· большее давление

Практическая работа №3

Topic “DIESEL ENGINE”

Vocabulary.

gallon - галлон - англ. (4,54 л); амер. (3,78 л).

besides – помимо, кроме

to last - длиться, продолжаться, сохраняться

screw – винт

like - похожий, подобный

directly - прямо, непосредственно

alone - один, только

immediately - немедленно, тотчас же

spray - брызги, струя, разбрызгивать, распылять

fuel – топливо

spark plug – искра свечи

to connect - соединять

charging – загрузка

to inject – впрыскивать

to ignite – зажигать

to use – использовать

Vocabulary.

detachable - съемный

secure - укреплять, прикреплять

to exert – влиять, оказывать влияние

duration - продолжительность, длительность

succession – последовательность

to comprise - включать, заключать в себе

to succeed - следовать за чем-либо

admission – поступление, доступ, вход

motion – движение

to take place – происходить, случаться

to secure – охранять, предотвращать

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

mechanical energy – механическая энергия

to consist of – состоять из…..

inside – внутри

crankshaft – коленвал

rotary – вращающийся

flywheel – маховик

inlet valve – впускной клапан

exhaust valve – выпускной клапан

camshaft – распредвал

constantly – постоянно

majority – большинство

revolution – поворот

Vocabulary.

    STARTER MOTOR - Электрический стартер

to be put into engagement (зд.) – сцепляться

toothed ring – зубчатый венец

periphery – обод

disengagement gear – выключаемая шестерня

to project – выдаваться, выступать

moisture – влага

to arrange – встраивать

dust – грязь

driver’s cabin – кабина водителя

action – действие

to release pressure on the clutch pedal -отпустить сцепление

to disengage - выключить

direct drive - прямая передача

speed – скорость

hand brake – ручной тормоз

lever - рычаг

clutch pedal – педаль сцепления

lightly – слегка

accelerator pedal – педаль газа

to press – нажимать

to increase – увеличивать

gear shift lever –рычаг переключения скоростей

Vocabulary.

burn button – кнопка сигнала

throttle lever – рычаг дроссельной заслонки

lighting switch – выключатель освещения

gear shift lever – рычаг перемены скоростей

head brake lever – рукоятка ручного тормоза

       to Jet in motion - приводить в движение

      drive shaft - карданный вал

      according to - согласно

    capacity (зд.) - величина, емкость, вместимость

     steering wheel – руль

     steering column – рулевая колонка

     chassis -   ходовая часть

     frame – рама

     spring - пружина

gear box – набор шестерён

propeller shaft – вал винта

Answer the questions:

1. What levers are there in the driver’s cabin?

2. Where is the hand brake lever?

3. Where is the steering wheel?

4. Where is the lighting switch?

5. Where is the gear shift lever?

6. Into what two capital parts we divide the car?

7. What can you say about transmission?

4. Fill in missing words:

The (ходовая часть) is the lower part of the car.

The engine consists of a, (блок цилиндров), crankcase, (коленвал) and many other parts.

  It is designed according to the (величина) of the frame.

  It is to the (справа) of the brake pedal.

  Transmission (состоит из) the clutch the gear box, drive shafts and        (вал винта).

5. Translate into Russian:

· clutch pedal

· steering column

· brake pedal

· control levers

· driver’s cabin

· chassis and the body

· wheels and springs

· crankshaft

in motion the flywheel.

                       Практическая работа №7

Раздел 3 “Systems in the construction of a automobile”

Topic “ Cooling system”

Vocabulary.

seat (зд.) - гнездо

to force (зд.) - гнать

hollow - полый

water packet - водяная рубашка

entirely - полностью, всецело

as long as - пока

tubular - трубчатый

honey comb (зд.) – сотовый

variety (зд.) – разновидность

hexagonal - шестиугольный

sock – спускной кран

to drain off – спускать, осушать

close (здд.) - кристальный

service brakes - рабочие тормоза

emergency brake - ручной тормоз (стояночный тормоз)

side by side – рядом

majority – большинство

to fill – наполнять

bottom – дно

pump – насос, помпа

to rise – подниматься

variety – сорт, вид, разновидность

Answer the questions:

1. What are surrounded by hollow spaces known as water jackets?

2. Is there pump in the thermo-siphon system?

3. The honey comb type is built up of short tubes placed horizontally,

isn’t it?

4. Is there a variety of designs in the structure of the radiators?

5. What can you say about connecting of these jackets ?

4. Fill in missing words:

These _______are connected by pipes to the top and to the _______of the radiator.

The system is based on the fact; that hot water is _______than cold water and has a ________to rise.

Here it is ______and goes to the bottom of the ________and from there back to the jackets.

In the _________а series of flat __________tubes connect two tanks.

_______the radiator a fan is ________to blow cool air on the tubes containing water.

Bank of words: bottom, behind, jackets, cooled, lighter, tendency, radiator, vertical, tubular type, provided.

5. Translate into English:

· через верхнюю трубку

·  структура радиатора

· двигатель становится горячим

· головка цилиндра

· узкие пространства

· разница температур

Практическая работа №8

Vocabulary .

to vary – изменять(ся), менять(ся)

to meet the requirements – удовлетворять нужды, требования

pound – фунт

operating conditions - условия работы, режим работы, рабочие условия

  close (зд.) - кристальный

  service brakes - рабочие тормоза

  emergency brake - ручной тормоз (стояночный тормоз)

  side by side – рядом

to store – хранить

to deliver – передавать, доставлять

   intake stroke – ход всасывания

   vapour – пар

   fuel – топливо

   requirement – требование

   tank – бак

   importance – важность

    ordinary – обычный

  2. Read and translate the text.

FUEL SYSTEM

The fuel system is designed, to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the form of vapour mixed with air. The fuel system must vary the proportions of air and gasoline vapour to meet the requirements of the various operations conditions. The fuel system consists of a tank in which the liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, or tube, through which the gasoline can be brought from the tank to the engine, a pump, which pulls the gasoline through the fuel line, and a carburetor, which mixes the gasoline with air. The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 15 pounds of air under various operating conditions.

BRAKES

It is not necessary to explain the importance of brakes. It is clear that without brakes the car is quite helpless. They must be well and strongly made. It is necessary to give them close and careful attention. There are two sets of brakes, one for ordinary service, called the service brakes, and the other for emergency use, called the emergency brakes. Sometimes both are mounted inside the same drum. Sometimes one is outside and the other - inside The service brake is operated by a pedal. The emergency brake is operated by a lever.

3. Answer the questions:

1. Describe the fuel system.

2. What are the functions of the carburetor?

3. Why the fuel system is used?

4. What are there are two sets of brakes?

5. Is the service brake operated by a pedal or by lever?

6. Why the car is quite helpless without brakes?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. (Топливная система) consists of a (бак) in which the (жидкий) gasoline is stored, a (топливо) line, or tube, through which the gasoline can be brought from the tank to the (двигатель).

2. The carburetor is (создан) to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 15 pounds of (воздух) under various operating conditions.

3. It is (необходимо) to give them close and careful (внимание).

4. Sometimes both are mounted(внутри) the same drum.

5. The (стояночный) brake is operated by a (рычаг).

6. It is not necessary to (объяснять) the (важность) of brakes.

True or false:

· The fuel system is designed, to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the form of vapour mixed with air.

· Sometimes both are mounted outside the same drum.

· They must not be well and strongly made.

· The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 20 pounds of air.

· It is necessary to explain the importance of brakes.

· The fuel system consists of a tank in which the liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, or tube, a pump and a carburetor.

                   Практическая работа №9

Topic “ DRIVIHG SYSTEM”

Vocabulary

driving system - силовая передача

at his will - по своему желанию

cone clutches - конусные сцепления

disc clutches - дисковые сцепления

former- первый (из перечисленных)

coil spring – спиральная пружина

multiple disc - многодисковый

single plate – однодисковый

a number of – ряд, несколько

driving – ведущий

 

driven - ведомый

to mesh - сцепляться

spline - продольный паз

surface – поверхность

coil – катушка

spring – пружина

outer – внешний

to revolve – поворачиваться

to attach – прикрепляться

fixed – неподвижный

to continue - продолжать

  2. Read and translate the text.

DRIVIHG SYSTEM

When the motor - car has to be sat in motion first of all it is necessary to start the engine. When the engine is running you start the car. By means of a pedal, the operator at his will, connects or disconnects the engine with the transmission. This device is called a clutch. Clutches are divided into two main groups: cone clutches and disc clutches. In the former group two cone surfaces are used to convey the drive. The cones are normally pressed into contact with one or another by means of a single powerful coil spring. This type of clutch is old and is now used only to a limited extent. There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type, and the single plate type.

There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type and the single plate type. The, multiple clutch is composed of a number of driving and driven discs. The driving discs have teeth on their outer diameter. They mesh with the internal teeth of: the internal teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it. When the flywheel revolves these discs revolve with it. The driven discs have teeth on their inner diameter. They are attached to the clutch shaft by means of splines. They can slide on the shaft. They are so fixed that they must rotate when the clutch shaft revolves. The driving discs continue to revolve with the flywheel while the driven discs rotate at the same speed as the clutch shaft.

3. Answer the questions:

1. Into what groups are clutch divided?

2. What is the cone clutch?

3. What is the disc clutches?

4. Does the flywheel revolve these discs?

5. Is multiple clutches composed of a number of driving and driven discs?

6. They mesh with the internal teeth of the internal teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it, don’t they?

4. Fill in missing words:

· When the motor - ___has to be sat in motion first of all it is ______to start the engine.

· When the ________revolves these ____revolve with it.

· This device is called a _________.

· They are ________the clutch shaft by means of_____.

· Clutches are ______two main groups: ____clutches and disc clutches.

· . The, multiple clutch ______of a number of ______and driven discs.

Bank of words: necessary , flywheel , divided into ,splines, is composed, driving, attached to, car, discs, cone, clutch.

5. Translate into Russian:

· multiple disc type

· two main groups

· by means of splines

· outer diameter

· these discs revolve

· start the car

· at his will

· the single plate type.

 

Vocabulary .

to make – заставлять

to be referred to as – именоваться, называться

to term – называть

to cause – заставлять, вызывать, причинять

although – хотя

to create – создавать

shaft – вал

engine – двигатель

source – источник

wheel – колесо

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

combustion chamber – камера сгорания

to take place – происходить

Read and translate the text.

ENGINE

The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move. It is usually referred to as an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers.

This burning, or combustion, takes place an a high speed termed as an ”explosion”. The high pressure thus created causes a shaft to turn or rotate.

This rotary motion is transmitted to the car so the wheels rotate and the car moves. Most automobile engines have four or six cylinders, although some eight-, twelve- and sixteen cylinder engines are in use.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is transmitted to the car so the wheels rotate?

2. How many cylinders have most automobile engines?

3. What is the source of power?

4. What can you say about internal combustion engine?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. This burning, or combustion, takes place an ( большая скорость).

2. Gasoline is (сгорает внутри цилиндров) or combustion chambers.

3. Power that makes the ( колёса вращаются) and the car move.

4. The high pressure thus created causes a ( вал поворачивается)  or rotate.

5. Most (автомобильные двигатели) have four or six cylinders.

5. Translate into Russian:

· car moves

· high pressure

· internal combustion engine

· wheels go around

· source of power

· rotary motion

· sixteen cylinder engines

· transmitted to the car

· Most automobile engines

· within its cylinders

Практическая работа №2 Topic “ STEAM ENGINE .”

Vocabulary.

steam chest – паросборник

the more...the more - чем больше….тем больше

mostly - главным образом, большей частью

to invent – изобретать

to boil - кипеть

pipe - труба

steam - пар

valves - клапана

piston - поршень

to reach - достигать

pressure - давление

stroke - ход

speed - скорость

opening - отверстие

123Следующая ⇒

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