Read and translate the text.

HOW THE ENGINE IS WATER-COOLED?

The majority of engines are cooled by means of water. The cylinder head, the combustion chamber and the valve seats are surrounded by hollow spaces known as water jackets. They are filled with water. These jackets are connected by pipes to the top and to the bottom of the radiator. The radiator is mounted at the front of the car. There are two circulating methods: pump and thermo-syphon. In the pump system, the pump is placed in the bottom water passage. It is driven by the engine and forces the cooled water into the jackets. It forces the heated water to the top of the radiator where it is cooled again.

In the thermo-syphon system of water cooling there is no pump. The system is based on the fact; that hot water is lighter than cold water and has a tendency to rise. So when the water in the jackets of a thermo-syphon cooled engine gets hot, it rises to the top and enters the radiator through the upper pipe. Here it is cooled and goes to the bottom of the radiator and from there back to the jackets. The circulation is entirely automatic and continues as long as there is a difference in temperature between the water in the radiator and that in the jackets. There is a variety of designs in the structure of the radiators The two main types are tubular and honey comb type.

In the tubular type а series of flat vertical tubes connect two tanks. The honey comb type is built up of short tubes placed horizontally. Their ends are soldered together, making a labyrinth of narrow spaces between the tubes. These spaces are filled with cooled water. Tubes of various shapes are used round, square, hexagonal. A cock is placed at the lowest point of the radiator to drain off water when it is necessary. Behind the radiator a fan is provided to blow cool air on the tubes containing water. It is driven by a belt from a pulley on the crankshaft.

Answer the questions:

1. What are surrounded by hollow spaces known as water jackets?

2. Is there pump in the thermo-siphon system?

3. The honey comb type is built up of short tubes placed horizontally,

isn’t it?

4. Is there a variety of designs in the structure of the radiators?

5. What can you say about connecting of these jackets ?

4. Fill in missing words:

These _______are connected by pipes to the top and to the _______of the radiator.

The system is based on the fact; that hot water is _______than cold water and has a ________to rise.

Here it is ______and goes to the bottom of the ________and from there back to the jackets.

In the _________а series of flat __________tubes connect two tanks.

_______the radiator a fan is ________to blow cool air on the tubes containing water.

Bank of words: bottom, behind, jackets, cooled, lighter, tendency, radiator, vertical, tubular type, provided.

5. Translate into English:

· через верхнюю трубку

·  структура радиатора

· двигатель становится горячим

· головка цилиндра

· узкие пространства

· разница температур

Практическая работа №8

Topic “FUEL SYSTEM. BRAKES”.

Vocabulary .

to vary – изменять(ся), менять(ся)

to meet the requirements – удовлетворять нужды, требования

pound – фунт

operating conditions - условия работы, режим работы, рабочие условия

  close (зд.) - кристальный

  service brakes - рабочие тормоза

  emergency brake - ручной тормоз (стояночный тормоз)

  side by side – рядом

to store – хранить

to deliver – передавать, доставлять

   intake stroke – ход всасывания

   vapour – пар

   fuel – топливо

   requirement – требование

   tank – бак

   importance – важность

    ordinary – обычный

  2. Read and translate the text.

FUEL SYSTEM

The fuel system is designed, to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the form of vapour mixed with air. The fuel system must vary the proportions of air and gasoline vapour to meet the requirements of the various operations conditions. The fuel system consists of a tank in which the liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, or tube, through which the gasoline can be brought from the tank to the engine, a pump, which pulls the gasoline through the fuel line, and a carburetor, which mixes the gasoline with air. The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 15 pounds of air under various operating conditions.

BRAKES

It is not necessary to explain the importance of brakes. It is clear that without brakes the car is quite helpless. They must be well and strongly made. It is necessary to give them close and careful attention. There are two sets of brakes, one for ordinary service, called the service brakes, and the other for emergency use, called the emergency brakes. Sometimes both are mounted inside the same drum. Sometimes one is outside and the other - inside The service brake is operated by a pedal. The emergency brake is operated by a lever.

3. Answer the questions:

1. Describe the fuel system.

2. What are the functions of the carburetor?

3. Why the fuel system is used?

4. What are there are two sets of brakes?

5. Is the service brake operated by a pedal or by lever?

6. Why the car is quite helpless without brakes?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. (Топливная система) consists of a (бак) in which the (жидкий) gasoline is stored, a (топливо) line, or tube, through which the gasoline can be brought from the tank to the (двигатель).

2. The carburetor is (создан) to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 15 pounds of (воздух) under various operating conditions.

3. It is (необходимо) to give them close and careful (внимание).

4. Sometimes both are mounted(внутри) the same drum.

5. The (стояночный) brake is operated by a (рычаг).

6. It is not necessary to (объяснять) the (важность) of brakes.

True or false:

· The fuel system is designed, to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the form of vapour mixed with air.

· Sometimes both are mounted outside the same drum.

· They must not be well and strongly made.

· The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 20 pounds of air.

· It is necessary to explain the importance of brakes.

· The fuel system consists of a tank in which the liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, or tube, a pump and a carburetor.

                   Практическая работа №9

Topic “ DRIVIHG SYSTEM”

Vocabulary

driving system - силовая передача

at his will - по своему желанию

cone clutches - конусные сцепления

disc clutches - дисковые сцепления

former- первый (из перечисленных)

coil spring – спиральная пружина

multiple disc - многодисковый

single plate – однодисковый

a number of – ряд, несколько

driving – ведущий

 

driven - ведомый

to mesh - сцепляться

spline - продольный паз

surface – поверхность

coil – катушка

spring – пружина

outer – внешний

to revolve – поворачиваться

to attach – прикрепляться

fixed – неподвижный

to continue - продолжать

  2. Read and translate the text.

DRIVIHG SYSTEM

When the motor - car has to be sat in motion first of all it is necessary to start the engine. When the engine is running you start the car. By means of a pedal, the operator at his will, connects or disconnects the engine with the transmission. This device is called a clutch. Clutches are divided into two main groups: cone clutches and disc clutches. In the former group two cone surfaces are used to convey the drive. The cones are normally pressed into contact with one or another by means of a single powerful coil spring. This type of clutch is old and is now used only to a limited extent. There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type, and the single plate type.

There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type and the single plate type. The, multiple clutch is composed of a number of driving and driven discs. The driving discs have teeth on their outer diameter. They mesh with the internal teeth of: the internal teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it. When the flywheel revolves these discs revolve with it. The driven discs have teeth on their inner diameter. They are attached to the clutch shaft by means of splines. They can slide on the shaft. They are so fixed that they must rotate when the clutch shaft revolves. The driving discs continue to revolve with the flywheel while the driven discs rotate at the same speed as the clutch shaft.

3. Answer the questions:

1. Into what groups are clutch divided?

2. What is the cone clutch?

3. What is the disc clutches?

4. Does the flywheel revolve these discs?

5. Is multiple clutches composed of a number of driving and driven discs?

6. They mesh with the internal teeth of the internal teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it, don’t they?

4. Fill in missing words:

· When the motor - ___has to be sat in motion first of all it is ______to start the engine.

· When the ________revolves these ____revolve with it.

· This device is called a _________.

· They are ________the clutch shaft by means of_____.

· Clutches are ______two main groups: ____clutches and disc clutches.

· . The, multiple clutch ______of a number of ______and driven discs.

Bank of words: necessary , flywheel , divided into ,splines, is composed, driving, attached to, car, discs, cone, clutch.

5. Translate into Russian:

· multiple disc type

· two main groups

· by means of splines

· outer diameter

· these discs revolve

· start the car

· at his will

· the single plate type.

 

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