Compare the structure of the English and the Russian sentences.
English: Agriculture is most likely to be affected by changes in climate of all sectors of society.
Russian: По-видимому, сельское хозяйство зависит от изменений климата больше, чем любой другой сектор общественной деятельности.
English: Quite often, unexpected inventions seemed to work.
Russian: Оказывается, довольно часто неожиданные изобретения находят применение.
English: These particles are considered to interact very weakly with atoms.
Russian: Считается, что эти частицы очень слабо взаимодействуют с атомами.
Translate the sentences.
Active form of the predicate.
- In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell's prediction that light was an electromagnetic wave seemed to be the final blow to particle models of light. (В 1865 году казалось, что…)
- This effect could make galaxies appear to contain more matter than can be seen. (Благодаря этому эффекту, может показаться, что…)
- There does not appear to be a fundamental obstacle in these worlds to some form of organic life evolving.
- Females tend to be better speakers.
- The laws of physics might seem to be finely tuned to make our existence possible.
- Plank seems to have imagined that some deeper explanations of quanta would emerge.
- The Universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate, implying the existence of a strange new form of energy – dark energy.
Passive form of the predicate.
- These particles are predicted to interact very weakly with atoms. (Предсказано/теоретически…)
- An important strong X-ray source called Cygnus X-1 is believed to consist of a visible star which is orbiting a common centre of gravity with an invisible companion.
- Leonardo da Vinci’s 1495 sketch of a mechanical knight, which could sit up and move its arms and legs, is considered to be the first plan for a humanoid robot.
- One projected commercial payoff of the space program is supposed to be the development of orbiting manufacturing facilities.
- The eyes are said to be the key to the sole and therefore the first and the most effective weapon in convincing the audience of your honesty, openness and confidence.
- Unlike evolution and cosmology, whose truths have been incorporated into the general intellectual landscape, quantum theory is still considered to be an anomaly.
Use the words in brackets to make the statements less certain. Translate the resultant sentences.
- The cathode rays __________to be a stream of the tiny particles called electrons. (to know)
- The effects of quantum gravity__________ to have generated a huge negative pressure. (to believe)
- The Egyptian cubit __________to have been the most widespread unit of linear measurement in the ancient world. (to recognize)
- The program __________to be very expensive, with a total cost running into hundreds of billions of pounds. (to estimate)
- As the material disappears into the black hole it ____________to emit a stream of X-rays. (to expect)
6. Like other forms of high - energy radiation, X-rays ____________ to be hazardous, but they can also be very beneficial. (to believe)
10. Fill in the gaps with one of the following phrases: could, certainly, might probably, may possibly.
- The new theory ___________explain some basic facts about the physical world.
- During inflation the cosmological constant and other parameters _____________have taken a virtually limitless range of different values.
- There __________ exist a wide range of universes that are habitable but look nothing like our own.
- The effects of quantum gravity_________ generate a huge negative pressure.
- In the first century A.D., Heron of Alexandria designed intriguing automatons that__________ have the ability to talk.
Read the sentence.
America was discovered by Columbus.
To make this statement less certain we say:
· America is believed to have been discovered by Columbus,
or
· Columbus is doubted /questioned to have discovered America.
