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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text.Стр 1 из 4Следующая ⇒
Mass Media
Read and remember how to use the words on the topic.
News and entertainment are communicated in a number of different ways, using different media The media include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and electronic media such as radio and television. Programmes on radio and television may be referred to formally as broadcasts; and they may be referred as shows. Programmes or shows on radio and television are often presented or hosted by a programme host Popular music programmes are presented by disc jockeys or DJs. News programmes may be hosted, fronted or anchored by anchors famous on their own right, sometimes more famous than the people in the news. In more traditional news programmes, the news is read by a newsreader. Reporters and correspondents, or television journalists, make reports. They and the camera operators who go with them are news gatherers. Together they form TV crews. Programmes and reports are transmitted or broadcast lives in a live broadcast, with events seen or heard as they happen, or recorded for broadcastlater. A recording of an event can be referred to as footage of that event. A news programme might include: dramatic footage of events such as war and disasters; interviews and studio discussions; vox-pop interviews, getting the reactions of ordinary people, often in the street or clips, or extracts, of any of these things. People sometimes say that today news programmes are infotainment, a mixture of information and entertainment, something that people watch or listen to for pleasure. Another example of infotainment is docudrama where real events are dramatised and reenacted by actors. This is a combination of documentary and drama. There is, of course, a lot of competition between broadcasting organizations. Most TV and radio networks want to increase the size of their audience or their ratings, at the expense of other networks. Good ratings are especially important during prime-time or peak-time, the time of day, or slot, when most people watch TV. High audience figures attract more advertising or commercials to be shown in commercial breaks between programmes. Commercials are also known as spots. People watching TV are viewers. Viewers who watch a lot of television without caring what they watch are coach potatoes If you zap between channels, you use your remote control or zapper to change channels a lot, perhaps looking for something interesting to watch, and perhaps not succeeding. The press usually refers just to newspapers, but the term can be extended to include magazines. Newspapers are either tabloid, format usually associated in the English-speaking world with the popular press, or broadsheet, associated with quality journalism. Tabloids are sometimes referred to as the gutter press by people who disapprove of them. Tabloids often have very large circulations and even bigger readerships. Papers such as these are often referred to as mass circulation papers. Newspapers run or carry articles or stories. Articles other than the most important ones can also be referred to as pieces. Editorials gave the paper's opinion about the news of the day. In a quality newspaper, the most important editorial is the leading article or leader. These, and the other editorials, are written by leader writers. Celebrities usually complain about intrusive reporting techniques like the use of paparazzi, photographers with long-lens cameras who take pictures without the subject's knowledge or permission. Other intrusive methods include doorstepping, waiting outside someone's house or office with microphone and camera in order to question them, and secretly recording conversations by bugging rooms with hidden microphones, or bugs. Vocabulary Focus
I. Give the appropriate English equivalents for the following Russian words and phrases: телепередача; ведущий программы; съемочная группа; прямой эфир; транслировать; отснятый материал; реклама; лучшее эфирное время; переключать каналы; желтая пресса; передовая статья; тираж.
II. Explain the meaning of the following notions:
III. Find the synonyms to the following words and phrases: show; to broadcast; reporter; DJ; audience; prime-time; advertising; zapper; leader; celebrity; paparazzi; readership.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text. 1. Телепередача с наилучшим рейтингом часто транслируется в лучшее эфирное время. 2. Репортер и оператор из нашей съемочной группы получили приз за лучшее освещение драматического события. 3. Большинство телезрителей переключают канал во время рекламы. 4. Фотографы этого таблоида используют назойливые способы получения информации: фотоаппараты с длиннофокусными линзами и прослушивание с помощью электронных устройств. 5. Это солидное издание славится своими передовыми статьями и имеет обширный круг читателей.
I. Answer the following questions. 1. What do the media include? 2. In what ways can the programmes be transmitted? 3. What might a news programme include? 4. Who does a TV crew consist of? 5. Why is it important to increase the size of the audience? 6. What do high audience figures attract? 7. In what way do tabloids differ from broadsheets? 8. What do celebrities usually complain about?
II. Agree or disagree with the following statements. 1. Success of any programme depends on a TV crew. 2. There are some ways of transmitting the programme. 3. Time changes but news programmes remain unchanged. 4. Tabloids often carry editorials to gain more popularity. 5. Paparazzi often use intrusive reporting techniques. Newspapers and publishing A Parts of the newspaper: headlines, news reports, the editorial, feature articles, e.g. about fashion or social trends, horoscope, cartoons, crossword, small ads, business news, sports reports, scandal, the letters page
A popular or tabloid newspaper focuses more on sensation than real news whereas a quality newspaper professes to be more interested in real news than in sensation. A tabloid usually has a smaller format than a quality paper, it has larger headlines and shorter stories and, in Britain, it prefers stories about film stars, violent crimes and the royal family. A journal is the name usually given to an academic magazine. A colour supplement is a magazine which comes out once a week (often on Sundays) as an addition to a newspaper. A comic is a magazine, usually for children or teenagers, with lots of picture stories and/or cartoons.
B Most British papers contain the following: home news (=news about Britain) foreign/international news (= news about other countries) business news sports news features (= longer articles about special subjects, e.g. famous person or a political issue) radio and TV programmes weather forecast (= tells what the weather will be like) reviews (= when film, theatre and music critics write about new films, plays and records, and give their opinion of them ) C People Editor: the person in control of the daily production Reporters/journalists: people who report news and write articles; many journalists are freelance (= they work for themselves and are not employed by the newspaper).
D Headlines Certain words are often used in newspaper headlines: row (pronounced like ‘cow’) (= an argument) quit (= to leave a job) bid (n, v) (= an effort / try / an attempt) cut (n, v) (= to reduce / make less) back (= to support) hit (= to affect badly) talks (= discussions) key (= very important)
When we refer to something in a newspaper we can use the verb say (not write) or the expression according to: It says in The Times that they’ve found the missing girl. According to The Guardian, the missing girl was found last night.
Exercises 1. Write definitions explaining what jobs each of these people involved in the media do? Example: A make-up artist makes up the faces of people who are to appear on TV. 1 a foreign correspondent 6 a bookseller 2 a sub-editor 7 a publisher 3 a continuity person 8 a columnist 4 an editor 9 a camera operator 5 a librarian 10 a critic
Vocabulary Focus I. Tell the difference between the following notions: national paper s/ local papers; dailies / weeklies / monthlies newspapers / magazines foreign affairs / home affairs quality paper / broadsheet / popular paper / tabloid
Kinds of Newspapers Newspapers of any country can be classified into two major groups: quality and popular papers. A quality paper is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader, who wants to read about politics and foreign affairs. Quality papers contain detailed news coverage and comment written by experts in their field, arts and literary reviews and much professional advertising. These papers are bigger in size than popular papers with longer articles and a wider coverage of events. They have different pages for home news foreign affairs, fashion, business, sport and so on. The most famous British quality newspapers are The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Guardian, The Independent and The Financial Times. A popular paper is a newspaper whose format and content are designed for the undemanding reader. Most popular papers and tabloids (i. e. papers with small-size pages, usually about 30 cm by 40 cm) with lots of pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read and often contain little real information; sometimes they give more space to opinions than to news. They usually have " human interest" stories, stories about ordinary people and events, which are included because they are amusing or odd. Emphasis is put on sensational stories, especially involving a figure in the public eye such as a member of the royal family; importance is also given to sports and to cartoons and contests. Examples of this type of newspapers are The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Daily Mirror, which exist in Great Britain. The newspapers which are sold all over the country with a large readership or circulation are called the national papers; they are usually produced in the capital city. In addition to national daily newspapers there are national papers published on Sundays. Most of " Sundays" contain more reading matter than daily papers, and several of them include " colour supplements".
1. Find the English equivalents of the words: качественные газеты, популярная газета, национальная газета, нацелить на, образованный читатель, события за рубежом, внутренние события, детальное освещение событий, эксперт, рецензия, формат, содержание, заголовок, статья, знаменитость, тираж, круг читателей, ежедневная газета, публиковать.
2. Answer the questions: · What groups can the newspapers be classified into? · What is the difference between quality and popular newspapers? · What readers do quality / popular papers cater for? · What information do quality / popular papers contain? · Can you give some examples of quality and popular newspapers? Types of Magazines According to Mass Media scholars John Merrill and Ralph Lowenstein, all magazines may be classified according to their specialization into those that have unit specialization or internal specialization. Unit specialization occurs in magazines that target audience with special interest (for example, American PC Magazine - magazine about computers). Most magazines produced in the USA today fall into this category. Internal specialization magazines are general-interest publications that appeal to a larger audience and offer a wider variety of articles. The readers select the articles that are of interest to them. But according to the classification given by US Industrial Outlook (1992) all magazines in the USA break down into three broad categories: consumer magazines (65%), business publications (34%) and farm magazines (1%). Within these categories are numerous subcategories: health and fitness, sports, travel / leisure, lifestyles, ethnic, regional, business, age-specific women's and men's magazines and others. Among the new business publications, subject area included medicine, technology, business management, computers software. Let's turn to some of the narrow special-interest categories of magazines. Family Magazines - it is one of the newest categories of magazines to become popular. These publications reflected a revived interest in the family. Magazines in this category include Parenting, Fathers, Child, Children and Grandparents. Sports magazines - these publications range from the specialized general-interest magazines (like Sports Illustrated) to more specialized publications covering just one sport - such as Boating, Flying, Skiing. Some sports magazines are designed just for women. Women's Interest magazines have been popular since the nineteenth century and today include some of the highest circulating magazines in the country. With more than 50 titles devoted to women's interests, there are actually subcategories within this one: women's general interest, health, parenting, style and fashion, women's career magazines. Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Family Circle, Elle, Working Mother may be named among the most popular. Ethnic Magazines - all ethnic minorities have found magazines to be an effective way to communicate with one another. Magazines can be classified in a variety of ways, but what is abundantly clear is that there seems to be a magazine for just about every interest and taste in both popular and elite cultures.
1. Find the English equivalents in the text: классификация, категории, подкатегории, специализация, целевая аудитория, статья, читатель, потребительские журналы, деловые журналы, фермерские журналы, подкатегории, публикация, отражать, тираж, возрожденный интерес к, этническое меньшинство, эффективное средство общения.
2. Answer the questions: · What classifications of magazines do you know? · What kinds of magazines are singled out by John Merrill and Ralph Lowenstein? · How can the Unit /Internal specialization magazines be described? · What classification was proposed by US Industrial Outlook in 1992? · What topics can magazines be devoted to?
Television A TV aerial, remote control, a video tape, cassette, on/off button, satellite dish.camcorder, TV set, headset, headphones. B plug it in, turn it on, turn it off, turn it up, turn it down, turn over, switch on, switch off, or switch over
C Types of TV programmes: documentaries, news broadcasts, series, serials, current affairs programmes, soap operas, quizzes, sitcoms, drama, chat shows, detective stories, sports programmes, weather forecasts, music programmes, game shows, variety shows, commercials.
D TV in Great Britain At the moment there are five 'terrestrial' channels (or stations) on TV (BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5). If you pay extra, you can have a satellite dish and receive satellite TV; or pay to have cable TV - there are many channels available.
F Talking TV Here are some useful words and phrases connected with television: What's on TV tonight? (= what programmes are shown on TV tonight? ) What time's the film on? (= what time does it start? ) How long do the commercials last? (= the advertisements between programmes) What's your favourite programme? (= the programme you like most/best) Are they showing the game live (= as it happens) or just recorded highlights? (= parts of the game after it has been played, e.g. later in the day/evening) How much is a TV licence? (= money you have to pay the government if you have a TV) Exercises The Role of TV in our Life TV is one of the best inventions the man has ever made. We are beginning to forget what the world was without TV. Everybody knows what a great force TV is in the world today. Thanks to TV we get a great amount of information. It gives wonderful possibilities for education. It enriches our intellect. We also become better informed by watching documentaries, science programmes, discussions and by learning the most important issues of the day. TV gives an opportunity to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people. TV brings the world to our room. We see people in our country and in other lands and learn about their customs, occupations, traditions, problems. We become cultured people by learning more of the arts. Television helps us to relax after a hard day's work, so we can then cope better with the next day's work. Besides, there is a considerable amount of TV programmes: News, different talk-shows, TV games, concerts and variety shows, sport programmes, feature films, serials and so on and so forth. They are of great entertainment value and provide useful topics for conversation. A lot of these programmes are very popular. For example.News deal with political and social problems of modern society. Their aim is to give analysis of the problems and show different viewpoints. Theyare concerned with the country's national events, the most topical political problems of the day. Musical Review presents songs, pop groups, folk songs. It is very popular with TV viewers. Thus, we can say that TV is a great force which attracts millions of people to the screens. But tastes differ. Some people are against TV. They say that TV is doing a lot of harm. It occupies a lot of free time. People used to have hobbies, to meet with friends, to go to the cinema or theatre, to read books, to listen to music. Nowadays many people sit watching TV hour by hour. They don't read books, they don't do sports, they begin to forget the art of conversation. Watching TV for a long time may lead to poor health art ruin eye-sight. But nobody makes you watch TV for hours. You can simply switch off your TV-set. But nobody can deny the fact, that TV is a great force in the world today. Vocabulary Focus I. Give the appropriate Russian equivalents for the following English words and phrases: the best invention, a great force, to enrich one’s intellect, to be better informed, issues of the day, a considerable amount, feature films, different viewpoints, to occupy a lot of time, used to have hobbies, to forget the art of conversation, poor health, to ruin eye-sight. The Story So Far The idea of a machine able to broadcast both sound and vision goes back to 1875. But it wasn't until 1926 that a Scottish engineer turned the idea into a practical reality. Now, his invention dominates the modern media. This is its story. John Logie Baird produced the first television pictures just eight years after the First World War. They were in black and white and were not very clear, but he had proved that the principle worked. Early sets made in the years Baird's breakthrough cost as much as a small car and not many were sold. Soon, though, his original system was improved and in 1936 Britain's first regular TV programme went on the air. " Here's Looking At You" was broadcast by the BBC from north London's Alexandra Palace studios twice a day for a weekly budget of one thousand pounds. But Great Britain wasn't the only country producing programmes. Other European nations, including Germany, were also involved in the early days of television. As, of course, was America — and it's there that the real TV revolution began after World War Two. US television boomed in the late '40s. Commercial stations began to open in almost every city, and national networks made programmes which were seen from coast to coast. One of the American networks — CBS — even developed a colour service as early as 1951. Two years later, TV took another important step when it covered its first major international event — the coronation of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. It was the first time that a worldwide audience of millions had seen history take place in their own homes. By the end of the decade, TV culture was rapidly becoming a fact of life on both sides of the Atlantic. Even so, it was still a very young medium — lots of people didn't have sets — and many experts thought it wouldn't last. That all changed in the '60s and '70s, though, as television started to satisfy the public's desire, not just for entertainment, but also for rapid, accurate information. As more and more sets were sold, the importance of TV news quickly grew. After all — what other medium could show you live — as TV did in 1969 — Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon? Since 1980 there have been four more major developments. The first is video, which has given viewers the power to control what they watch and when they watch it. These days, fifty per cent of homes have a VCR (video-cassette recorder) and millions more are being sold every year. The second is satellite TV. Thanks to DBS (direct broadcast satellites), dozens of new channels are now available to anyone who buys a receiving " dish". Many of these new channels specialize in one kind of programme — e. g. news, sport, cartoons, music, movies. The third development is cable — a system of hi-tech wires, which provides even more channels... at a price. But not only that. Cable also makes it possible for you to communicate through your TV, not just the other way around. More about that in a moment. Fourthly, there's HDTV (high definition television), which now offers a much clearer and more realistic picture than was possible even a few years ago. So... more channels, more choice, more clarity. What is there left for TV to achieve in the future? The answer to that is two-way communication. Modern technology means that twenty-first century televisions will be linked to computer databanks. This way, viewers will be able to ask questions (via remote control) about what they're watching and the answers will appear on their screens. This idea is called " hyper-media" and it's still at an early stage. But then, as we've just seen, TV has come a very long way in a very short time. The hyper-media revolution could happen sooner than many people think.
1. As you read the text find the English equivalents to the following: передавать звук и изображение; восходить к; превратить в реальность; прорыв; выйти в эфир; претерпеть бурный рост; в коне 40-х годов; общенациональные сети; цветное ТВ; освещать событие; десятилетие; быстрая и точная информация; показывать в прямом эфире; видеомагнитофон; спутниковое телевидение; " тарелка"; за определенную цену; двусторонняя связь; дистанционное управление телевидение прошло очень длинный путь за очень короткое время.
2. Build the word- combinations:
3. Answerthequestions: 1. Who invented the television set? 2. What was the first regular TV programme to broadcast on the BBC? 3. What countries were involved in the early days of television? 4. What happened to the television in the late ‘40s? 5. What was developed in the 1951? 6. What was the first programme broadcast worldwide? 7. What needs did television satisfy? 8. What event was shown live in 1969?
4. Fill in the table with necessary information: Major developments:
Role-play the dialogue between a mother and her son (daughter). The teenager asks his mother to buy a TV set. But his mother is very reluctant to agree. She speaks of the negative influence of TV set. Computers in my life Computer addicts are the minority of computer users but there is no doubt that more and more young people are computer literate. Computer studies is a subject in many schools and many young people have personal computers. About one in three hundred computer owners spend almost all their time using computers. Ninety six per cent of them are males of all ages. All of them spend an average of twenty hours per week on home computers. The majority of the adults also use computers at work. All the computer addicts are very intelligent. They have been interested in science and technology from a very early age and they are usually very shy people who like being alone. A survey in a school showed that fewer girls are interested in computers because girls are less likely to have a computer. Even if they have one, they use then less frequently than boys. Possibly it is because we think of computers as something to do with maths and science, which are traditionally 'male' subjects. Possibly it is because most of the computer teachers are men, who give the girls less attention. Possibly parents think it is less important for girls to have computer skills. Computer addicts are usually very shy people. Using computers gives them confidence. They love debugging and solving problems, develop programs and love learning programming languages. They learnt to communicate with other users through computer networks and the people they met in school and work think of them as experts who could help and advise when they had problems with their machines. A few spend their time 'hacking' and one addict left a message on a computer of Buckingham House. Very few computer addicts play computer games, but many people use a computer exclusively for games. Some parents worry about computer games because they think their children won't be able to communicate with real people in the real world. But parents do not need to worry. According to research computer addicts usually do well after they have left school. Parents also do not need to worry that computer addiction will make their children become unfriendly and unable to communicate with people. It is not the computer that makes them shy. In fact, what they know about computers improves their social lives. They become experts and others come to them for help and advice. For most children computer games are a craze. Like any other craze, such as skate-boarding, the craze is short-lived. It provides harmless fun and a chance to escape.
Vocabulary Focus
I. Give the appropriate Russian equivalents for the following English words and phrases: computer addict; computer literacy; computer user; computer studies; personal computer; computer owner; computer teacher; computer science; computer game; computer network; computer skill; computer programme. II. Explain the meaning of the following notions: computer literacy; debugging; solving problems; programming language; computer network; 'hacking'; computer craze. Mass Media
Read and remember how to use the words on the topic.
News and entertainment are communicated in a number of different ways, using different media The media include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and electronic media such as radio and television. Programmes on radio and television may be referred to formally as broadcasts; and they may be referred as shows. Programmes or shows on radio and television are often presented or hosted by a programme host Popular music programmes are presented by disc jockeys or DJs. News programmes may be hosted, fronted or anchored by anchors famous on their own right, sometimes more famous than the people in the news. In more traditional news programmes, the news is read by a newsreader. Reporters and correspondents, or television journalists, make reports. They and the camera operators who go with them are news gatherers. Together they form TV crews. Programmes and reports are transmitted or broadcast lives in a live broadcast, with events seen or heard as they happen, or recorded for broadcastlater. A recording of an event can be referred to as footage of that event. A news programme might include: dramatic footage of events such as war and disasters; interviews and studio discussions; vox-pop interviews, getting the reactions of ordinary people, often in the street or clips, or extracts, of any of these things. People sometimes say that today news programmes are infotainment, a mixture of information and entertainment, something that people watch or listen to for pleasure. Another example of infotainment is docudrama where real events are dramatised and reenacted by actors. This is a combination of documentary and drama. There is, of course, a lot of competition between broadcasting organizations. Most TV and radio networks want to increase the size of their audience or their ratings, at the expense of other networks. Good ratings are especially important during prime-time or peak-time, the time of day, or slot, when most people watch TV. High audience figures attract more advertising or commercials to be shown in commercial breaks between programmes. Commercials are also known as spots. People watching TV are viewers. Viewers who watch a lot of television without caring what they watch are coach potatoes If you zap between channels, you use your remote control or zapper to change channels a lot, perhaps looking for something interesting to watch, and perhaps not succeeding. The press usually refers just to newspapers, but the term can be extended to include magazines. Newspapers are either tabloid, format usually associated in the English-speaking world with the popular press, or broadsheet, associated with quality journalism. Tabloids are sometimes referred to as the gutter press by people who disapprove of them. Tabloids often have very large circulations and even bigger readerships. Papers such as these are often referred to as mass circulation papers. Newspapers run or carry articles or stories. Articles other than the most important ones can also be referred to as pieces. Editorials gave the paper's opinion about the news of the day. In a quality newspaper, the most important editorial is the leading article or leader. These, and the other editorials, are written by leader writers. Celebrities usually complain about intrusive reporting techniques like the use of paparazzi, photographers with long-lens cameras who take pictures without the subject's knowledge or permission. Other intrusive methods include doorstepping, waiting outside someone's house or office with microphone and camera in order to question them, and secretly recording conversations by bugging rooms with hidden microphones, or bugs. Vocabulary Focus
I. Give the appropriate English equivalents for the following Russian words and phrases: телепередача; ведущий программы; съемочная группа; прямой эфир; транслировать; отснятый материал; реклама; лучшее эфирное время; переключать каналы; желтая пресса; передовая статья; тираж.
II. Explain the meaning of the following notions:
III. Find the synonyms to the following words and phrases: show; to broadcast; reporter; DJ; audience; prime-time; advertising; zapper; leader; celebrity; paparazzi; readership.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text. 1. Телепередача с наилучшим рейтингом часто транслируется в лучшее эфирное время. 2. Репортер и оператор из нашей съемочной группы получили приз за лучшее освещение драматического события. 3. Большинство телезрителей переключают канал во время рекламы. 4. Фотографы этого таблоида используют назойливые способы получения информации: фотоаппараты с длиннофокусными линзами и прослушивание с помощью электронных устройств. 5. Это солидное издание славится своими передовыми статьями и имеет обширный круг читателей.
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