Alpha Red Green Blue

Fig 1: Structure of a 32 bit pixel

Human visual/vision/visualize/visible system acts as an OR function. Two transparent objects stacked together, produce transparent object. But changing/change/exchange/changed any of them to non-transparent, final objects will be seen non-transparent. In k-n secret sharing visual cryptography scheme an image is divided into n number of shares such that minimum k number of shares is sufficient to reconstruct the image. The division is done by Random Number generator [4].

This type/typical typist/typed of visual cryptography technique is insecure as the reconstruction is done by simple OR operation.

To add/adding/additive/addition more security to this scheme we have proposed a technique called digital enveloping. This is nothing but an extended/extension/extensive/extend invisible digital watermarking technique. Using this technique, the divided shares produced by k-n secret sharing visual cryptography are embedded into the envelope images by LSB replacement/place/replace/replaced [5]. The color change of the envelope images are not sensed/sense/sensitive/sensor by human eye [6]. (More than 16.7 million i.e.224 different colors are produced/product/production/reproduce by RGB color model. But human eye can discriminate only a few of them.). This technique is known/knowledge/knowledgeable/know as invisible digital watermarking as human eye can not identify the change in the envelope image and the enveloped (Produced after LSB replacement) image [7].

In the decryption process/procession/processing/processed k number of embedded envelope images are taken and LSB are retrieved from each of them followed by OR operation to generated the original image.

In this paper Section 2 describes the Overall process of Operation, Section 3 describes the process of k-n secret sharing Visual Cryptography scheme on the image, Section 4 describes the enveloping process using invisible digital watermarking, Section 5 describes decryption process, Section 6 describes the experimental result, and Alpha Red Green Blue Section 7 draws the conclusion.

Exercise 3.29. What is the weakness of the Introduction?

Exercise 3.30. Find the definitions for the following words in the Abstract and Introduction.

 Watermarking, Visual cryptography, Pixel

Exercise 3.31. Match the words and definitions.

discriminate    insecure           sufficient          encryption       sense

1. ______ the encoding of electronic data so that it can be transmitted without interception.

2. ______ enough to meet a need or purpose; adequate.

3. ______ recognize a distinction; differentiate.

4. ______ not sufficiently protected; easily broken into.

5. ______ perceive by a sense or senses.

Exercise 3.32. Translate the highlighted paragraph into Russian.

Exercise 3.33. Translate the phrases from Russian into English.

1. Насколько автору известно, на данный момент не проводятся исследования… 

2. На сегодняшний день в литературе описано только 2 метода…

3. Уже разработано много аналитических методов…

4. Всестороннее рассмотрение всех существующих подходов выходит за рамки этой статьи.

5. Многие ученые уже занимались исследованием этой проблемы …  

6. На самом деле многие авторы исследовали … и наблюдали …

7. В литературе нет единого мнения о…

8. Основная цель – установить зависимость…

9. Цель заключается в том, чтобы показать …

10. Несмотря на недостатки, эти два метода считаются стандартными …

 

Revision

What do you need to know when writing an Introduction?

Self-study activity Write the Introduction for the research paper of your own.

 

 

THE STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN BODY OF THE PAPER

Focus on theory

The main body of the paper presents procedures and theoretical basis of the research. It usually consists of several sections and contains the detailed description of the research process. The main body can be structured in the following way:

• Detailed description of the problem under study and its analysis;

• Related work (optional);

• Solution to the problem;

• Results (the findings: positive and negative if there are some).

    Taking into account a large amount of information given in this part of the paper, independent work of students is implied. The Master students already know the field of their research and the subject matter of their Master thesis has been chosen. Consequently, they have got a lot of literature sources to read on their major.

Exercise 4.1 Take any paper on your major and give a detailed description of its main body. You should describe:

• The problem under study;

• Solution to the problem;

• Results.

Exercise 4.2 Summarize the main body of the paper using the appropriate link words.

Self-study activity Write the Main body for the research paper of your own.

 

 

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