Contrasts with the past simple

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The Past simple is used with time expressions, which refer to definite times. The time may be stated or understood.

I’ve bought a new car. (indefinite)

I bought a new car last week. (definite)

I bought the car after all. (implied definite: the car we talked about)

6. Present perfect continuous

1. A state, which lasts up to the present moment (Состояние, которое продолжается до настоящего момента)

I've riding behind you as much as 2 hours.

2. An incomplete activity (Неполное деятельности
)

I've been starting doing homework, and still she is busy.

3. To emphasize duration (Для того чтобы подчеркнуть длительность)

I've been doing homework all day.

4. A recently finished activity (Недавно закончил деятельности)

I've been doing homework. That's why I'm tired.

5. A repeated activity

I've been taking English lessons from my aunt in this year.

Contrasts with the present perfect simple

There may be little contrast when some state verbs are used.

How long have you lived here?

How long have you been living here?

Some verbs ( sit, lie, wait, and stay ) prefer the continuous form.

Completed: emphasis on achievement

I 've ironed five shirts this morning.

Incomplete, recently completed: emphasis on duration

I've been ironing my shirts this morning.

8. Time expressions with tenses:

Indefinite: yesterday, last week, on Sunday, often, every day\year\month, usually, always, twice a week, daily, monthly

Perfect: since 1968, already, yet, lately, so far, just, since, by 5 o’clock, (for past: after, before, when)

Continuous: from 3 till 6, all day long, for months, during the day, at the moment

Perfect Continuous: since, for, all this year\day, all (my) life, during the 20^th century, for centuries\ years

Many time expressions are not associated with a specific tense.

I haven't seen Helen recently. I saw Jim recently.

Tense consolidation: FUTURE FORMS

Future Simple

1.Decisions taken at the moment of speaking I like this dress. I’ll take it. 2. The form of an assumption, hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc, esp. with: expect, hope, believe, I’m sure, I’m afraid, probably I hope he’ll like his birthday present. That'll be Jim at the door. 3. Actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future, or we can not control them and they will definitely happen The baby will be born after Christmas. She will probably win. He will come to see us at the end of the month.

2. Be going \ to present continuous

1. Actions intended to be performed in the near future I’m going to buy some new clothes next week. 2. Planned actions or intentions Now that she’s rich, she’s going to travel round the world. 3. Evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future It looks like the plane is going to take off now. I think I’m going to be sick.

Future continuous

1. This describes an event, which will be happening at a future point. Come round in the morning. I'll be painting the kitchen. 2. It can also describe events, which are going to happen anyway, rather than events, which we choose to make happen. I won't bother to fix a time to see you, because I'll be calling into the office anyway. 3. Future continuous also sounds more polite than will. Will you be going to the shops later? If you go, could you get me some potatoes? 4. It can also be used to refer to fixed arrangements and plans. The band will be performing live in Paris this summer. 5.Actions, which are a result of a routine. I will be going to the bank tomorrow. I go there every Friday.

4. Future perfect / perfect continuous

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