PREPOSITIONS. PHRASAL VERBS

5. 1. to; at; in; to 2. to; at, in 3. to, at; at, at 4. to; at, in 5 in; to 6. at, in 7. in; at 8. in, at; at 9. to; at 10. to, at; to ц. at, to, to 12. to, to, in 13. At, in, to 14. at, at; to, in 15. In, at

16. At, to, in 17. At, at 18. to, at; at; at, in 19. at, to, in, at, at 20. in 21. at, to; in; to, to 22. in; at 23. in, at, in 24. in, at 25. at; to, in 26. in, at 27. to, in 28. to, at, to, to 29. in, at 30. in, at 31. in, at 32. at, to, in 33. in, to 34. To, in; to 35. at, to, to 36. in; in; at

6. 1. on, with; with; by; in 2. in, on/into 3. to; on; On, by, in, on 4. at, out, to, of 5. at; on, off 6. to, in; on 7. to, in, on

8. on; with, of 9. of, into, in/with 10. at, on 11. out of, on 12. in, at, on; in 13. with, to, of 14. to; to, of, at, to/on; to, on 15. at/from, off/out 16. with, in; out of 17. into/out of, of, off; in, on 18. on; on, into 19. with, of, in 20. in; in; into, on 21. at, with, in; on 22. By, of; with, on 23. on, to, in/on; to, of 24. with, under, of 25. on, to, of 26. of, to 27. in, of; in; in, at/by, of, at, in 28. into, in, by, of 29. in/at; of, at, on; with, in 30. by, on 31. off; on, in 32. into, into, with 33. by, by, on, of 34. of, at, of 35. of, in, to 36. off; on; to

7. 1. in, for 2. at, since 3. At, of, for 4. in, for; During, in 5. for, on, in; from; for/on 6. under, with; in, during/in 7. by, of, in, in 8. by, for, in, of 9. from, since; on; of, to 10. for, during 11. with; for; for; in 12. for; of, for 13. under, with, for 14. in, for, in, till/until, of 15. for, on/for 16. In, of, off 17. in, by, from 18. on, to, by 19. for/to, from; in 20. at, during, for 21. by; on, for 22. by, in, on, in, in, over 23. of; in, for 24. in, for, of 25. of, from to or to from; for, to, by, for 26. at/by; for 27. from, at, with, for 28. for, till; with, for 29. on/into, off/out of, at, at 30. from, with/at; in, in, in, of 31. of; in, with 32. for, in 33. with, into/to, with 34. from, with, for; under/of, till 35. of, on; from 36. on; for

8. 1. on 2. in, from 3. in, in 4. of; In, of, in 5. on; on, in/at; at, at, at/on 6. to, with; on with; on 7. in; on with; of 8. in, by

9. of, at 10. to, for, of 11. At, to 12. about, to 13. in/by, in, up 14. for; for, for, over 15. for/about, on; about 16. of, for, from

17. for; in 18. in, with, for 19. on; for 20. with, into, with 21. for, in, on 22. In, to, to 23. by/with, out, in, of 24. of, after, in; with grass, which annoyed

25. at, away/off 26. to, of, to, away/off 27. to; on 28. In, with of, from 29. to; under 30. on, to 31. of, to 32. about, off, at/by 33. to, of 34. for, with 35. of, of, of 36. under, for, for

9. 1—, for 2. —, for 3. —, to 4. —, for 5. —, of 6. for; In, for for 7. to, — 8. in/at, —; of, for 9. for/to, in 10. —; for 11. to, for 12. —, of/in 13. for, for; of, —, for 14. for; — 15. on; — 16. to/past, —, of 17. —, at/in; —, on 18. —; —, —; to, for 19. for, for, in/at; for, — 20. to, in 21. to, —, — 22. —, in; —, with 23. —, for, at/by/on 24. to, to, in 25. —; to 26. —, —• with, of 27. —, in, in 28. to; —, of 29. —, of 30. on, —, for' for/— 31. —, in, for 32. —, till 33. —, —, to; —, —, with 34. —_; to, in/with 35. —, —, in 36. to, —, in

10. (till   is always replaceable by until) 1. to 2. till

3. to/till 4. till 5. till 6. till 7. to/till 8. to 9. to/till; till 10. to, till 11. to; till 12. to; till

11. 1. since; for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. Since 7. for

8. since; for 9. since; for 10. for 11. for 12. Since

12. 1. then/afterwards; after 2. after 3. After; Afterwards

4. then/afterwards 5. then, then 6. then 7. after 8. then

9. after/afterwards  10. then  11. then  12. then;  Then 13. afterwards 14. afterwards 15. then 16. then

13. 1. out, in/back 2. for 3. on with 4. out of 5. up to

6. away with 7. up 8. out/about 9. off/away 10. up to 11. out 12. on with 13. over 14. over 15. up 16. away 17. through 18. of 19. up to 20. through 21. away 22. over 23. off 24. up to 25. in 26. over 27. out 28. for 29. off/into/on 30. on 31. up to 32. back 33. on/along 34. away with 35. back/in 36. out of

14. 1. on 2. back 3. down 4. after 5. in 6. ahead

7. off/away/back 8. at/for 9. out of/away from 10. back 11. up 12. back 13. up with 14. round/back 15. out 16. for 17. out for 18. out 19. back 20. forward to 21. in 22. into/at 23. on 24. out on/on to 25. through/over 26. through 27. up 28. up 29. up, down 30. forward to 31. up to 32. at 33. down on 34. up 35. on 36. through

15. 1. to/round 2. ahead/on 3. round 4. for 5. on 6. out 7. into/over 8. off 9. up 10. out 11. in for 12. out 13. down 14. round 15. up to/over to 16. through 17. back on 18. through with 19. up 20. into 21. down 22. back 23. over/through 24. off 25. along/on 26. off/away 27. away/off 28. in for

29. across/upon 30. up 31. without 32. down 33. round 34. on with 35. out 36. down

16. 1. in 2. away with 3. aback 4. though 5. up 6. up 7. down 8. after 9. after 10. over 11. up 12. back 13. up against 14. to

15. away with 16. up 17. down 18. off 19. over/through 20. to 2l over 22. for 23. into 24. in 25. for 26. out of 27. out 28. on

29. away 30. in 31. down 32. down 33. on/over 34. into 35. in 36. over

17. 1. down 2. away 3. at 4. into 5. down 6. in 7. down 8. off 9. out 10. on 11. down 12. on 13. for 14. off 15. out 16. in 17. down 18. at 19. for 20. off 21. up 22. out 23. down 24. off 25. in 26. up 27. out 28. off 29. back 30. up 31. out 32. into 33. over 34. up 35. out of 36. out/up

18. 1. away 2. back 3. up 4. off 5. for 6. back 7. off 8. out 9. off/out 10. up 11. down 12. up 13. away 14. out 15. up

16. away 17. on 18. in 19. up 20. off 21. down to 22. up 23. out

24. out/off 25. up with 26. up 27. on 28. up for 29. up 30. out 31. up 32. down 33. up 34. forward/on 35. out 36. down

19. 1. away 2. back 3. down 4. in 5. through 6. off 7. off

8. out of 9. off 10. in 11. away 12. up 13. down 14. out 15. out

16. on 17. in with 18. down/on 19. down 20. up/away 21. off

22. off 23. over 24. off 25. in 26. up 27. up 28. off 29. up

30. down 31. off 32. out 33. back on 34. out/on 35. round 36. out

20. 1. about 2. for 3. away with 4. for 5. out/off 6. over/about 7. for 8. up 9. away 10. off/out 11. through 12. for 13. up 14. round/to 15. out 16. up 17. up 18. over 19. up 20. up 21. round 22. in 23. about/around 24. out 25. out 26. away 27. down 28. out 29. up 30. on 31. up 32. down 33. up 34. up 35. on to 36. up

21. 1. out 2. out of 3. up 4. about 5. back 6. in 7. out 8. back

9. up 10. up to   11. for 12. out 13. up 14. out 15. up 16. up

17. up to 18. in 19. up 20. up 21. in 22. out 23. back 24. on

25. for 26. away 27. into 28. out 29. out 30. on 31. by 32. up 33. off 34. up for 35. down 36. off.

22. 1. over 2. out 3. for 4. off 5. up 6. out 7. to/about 8. out 9. up 10. in/out/round 11. away 12. through 13. back 14. up 15. up 16. out 17. up 18. out 19. out of 20. out 21. away 22. after

23. up with 24. up 25. to/about 26. up with 27. in/up 28. out 15»

29. down 30. out 31. up/in 32. back 33. off 34. away 35. up 36. out

23. 1. down 2. up 3. off 4. up 5. up 6. down 7. in 8. цр 9. out 10. up 11. in 12. at 13. up 14. up 15. up 16. with 17. out 18. on 19. off 20. up 21. out 22. out 23. on 24. up 25. down

26. for 27. out for 28. up 29. off, off 30. on 31. without 32. out 33. down 34. up 35. out 36. up to

24. 1. out of 2. out for 3. up to 4. up to 5. up with 6. up against 7. up for 8. away with 9. ba'ck on 10. out of 11. up for

12. away with 13. in with 14. up with/in 15. on with 16. on to

17. away with 18. up to 19. back on 20. out for 21. round to 22. over to 23. up to 24. out of 25. up with 26. up with 27. up to 28. down on 29. forward to 30. out to 31. on with 32. out of 33. out on/on to 34. up with 35. up, down 36. in for

25. 1. account for 2. blew it up 3. broke off 4. called off 5. carry out my orders/carry my orders out 6. catch up with them/catch them up 7. clear up a mystery/clear a mystery up 8. came across 9. come off 10. came round/to 11. cutting road deaths down/cutting down road deaths 12. enter for/go in for

13. get off/out of 14. get out of it 15. gave out the names/gave the names out 16. give up smoking 17. go up, come down

18.  went into/looked into 19. set off/out 20. take up 21. bring up children/bring children up 22. held up 23. turn up 24. picked Spanish up/picked up Spanish 25. up to you 26. jump at it

27. keep off 28. keep up with him 29. knocked him out 30. let you off 31. getting over it 32. leave/miss out or leave/miss ...out 33. looking them up 34. make up for 35. mix up 36. pay me back/out

26. 1. Let me in 2. looked at her 3. rang him up 4. look after 5. made it up 6. pull through 7. look out 8. put off 9. look on him 10. put on uniform 11. look into 12. looked through me 13. look up my sister/look my sister up 14. put out 15. put up 16. put you all up 17. ring up 18. runs down his own garden 19. run down 20. running into 21. run up against 22. put in for 23. call in/send for 24. settle down 25. sat/stayed up 26. stand for 27. stood by him 28. takes after him 29. took up golf 30. taking me in 31. throw/give up a good job 32. turned down her application/turned  her application down 33. turned out 34. wound up 35. work out 36. took on, worn out, give it up

27. 1. went 2. broken 3. set 4. turn 5. wore 6. called 7. wait g. call/put 9. put 10. try 11. get 12. come 13. knock 14. leave

15. take 16. sent 17. carrying 18. let 19. put 20. hand/pass 21. looks 22. go/keep 23. turning 24. move 25. put/switch/turn 26. put 27. puts 28. Come 29. put 30. see 31. got/jumped

32. get 33. taken 34. took 35. took 36. showing

28. 1. up to 2. brought up 3. break up 4. caught up with 5. been up to 6. do up 7. drew up 8. fill in 9. got up 10. gave it up 11. gave up 12. went up to 13. grow up 14. held up 15. keep up with 16. picked up 17. make up for 18. pick up 19. lock up 20. pulled up/drew up 21. put up with 22. tied up 23. mixed up 24. locked up 25. ring him up, look up 26. turned up 27. took up 28. put up 29. settle up 30. make up 31. make up 32. wash up

33. stood up for 34. wound up 35. stay up/sit up 36. sat up

29. 1. dropped out 2. carry out 3. breaks out 4. cut it out 5. find out 6. getting out 7. died out 8. cut/leave out 9. make out 10. backed out 11. throw out 12. pick out 13. keep out

14. looking out 15. Look/Watch out 16. sold out 17. ran out 18. rub it out 19. pointed out 20. see/show you out 21. turned out 22. set out 23. put out 24. moving out 25. wipe out

26. work/find out 27. find out 28. Put out 29. wear them out 30. blew out 31. gone out 32. let them out 33. fall out 34. come out 35. Look out/Watch out 36. stands out

30. I.I turned it down 2. running down 3. took it down 4. Put it down 5. settle down 6. took over 7. talk it over 8. ran away 9. let me down 10. went over/through 11. backed away 12. closing down 13. got over 14. look down 15. broke down

16. look it over 17. backed away 18. clear away 19. ran away 20. shouted down 21. was over 22. do way 23. die down 24. burnt down 25. broke down 26. turned away 27. boiled over 28. give it away 29. handed down 30. puts away 31. got/ran away 32. talk over 33. cut down 34. come/go down 35. went down/were over 36. turn over

31. 1. get on 2. take over 3. jump at 4. taken aback 5. make up 6. carry on 7. think it over 8. breaks up 9. look in 10. fix you up 11. turn it down 12. hanging about 13. turn up 14. taking on

15. closing down 16. settled down 17. picked up 18. handed over !9. take to 20. looking Bill up and down 21. care for 22. go on 23. put on 24. take off 25. pointed out 26. answer me back

27. fell out 28. stand up for 29. keep out 30. look up 31. looking

for 32. puts customers off 33. fall off 34. make out 35. ordered about 36. put up with 37. broke out 38. put in 39. make up for 40. taken in

32. 1. got up 2. washed up 3. set out/off 4. pick up 5 get on 6. turned out 7. care for 8. took to 9. brought up 10. pointing out 11. showing off 12. turn/switch off 13. burn down 14. ring up 15. turn/switch off 16. get in 17. locked up 18. break in 19. go up 20. rang up 21. see to 22. held on 23. got in 24. turned/switched off 25. went on 26. got out 27. handing/passing round 28. pulled/drew up 29. let you off 30. get away with 31. put out 32. Put up with 33. looks up to 34. grows up 35. looking forward to 36. looking for 37. fed up 38. caught up with 39. dying away 40. keep up with 41. get to 42. put us up 43. sold out 44. talking over

TENSES

3. 1. smells 2. are eating 3. practises 4. are driving 5. believe

6. has 7. is swimming 8. hates 9. gets 10. is moving

7. 1. think/already know 2. I'm thinking 3. I'm just smell­ing/don't they smell 4. I'm gradually forgetting 5. see/you're not looking/is pointing 6. Don't hear/you're just imagining 7 is hearing 8. I'm just tasting/does it taste 9. think/is seeing/don't approve 10. don't think/really knows/he is saying 11. stands 12. Do you realize/are standing 13. has

8. 1. don't build, use 2. is having 3. drinks, is drinking 4. does she do, plays, watches 5. is raining, haven't 6. leave

7. speaks, don't understand 8. is making, makes 9. wears 10. don't like 11. am wearing 12. is reading 13. am redecorating 14. is boiling 15. are you enjoying, am enjoying, want 16. do you get, go, am going 17. are you putting, am going, are you coming, do you mind 18. do you owe, I owe, do you intend 19. do you belong, do you read, do you change, I change 20. learns, doesn't seem 21. always buy/am always buying, win 22. do you like, am giving 23. promise, promise 24. do you always write 25. do you love, like, don't love 26. do you dream, dream, eat, ha\e 27. smells, do you keep 28. are always complaining/always complain 29. are using 30. is always saying/always says, does 31. do you know, falls 32. are you writing, write, do you want 33 are having, wonder, are talking 34. do you believe, don’t

believe, do you read 35. is making, do you think, doesn't matter, makes 36. is smoking, expect, are building, don't you put, does, doesn't seem

9. 1 does Tom think, thinks, agree 2. does this one cost, it costs 3. do you hear, is blowing 4. do you see, am looking, don't see 5. listens, is always thinking 6. deserts, goes 7. do you under­stand, don't understand 8. do you have, eat, drink 9. rises, see, are picketing 10. are you walking, walk, am hurrying, am meet­ing, doesn't like 11. wish, keeps, think, wants 12. do you recog­nize, think, don't remember 13. wonder, waiting for 14. is wait­ing, want 15. don't you see, see, am not wearing, does it say, says 16. is always borrowing/always borrows, remembers 17. do you need, do you feel 18. does it save, take, doesn't matter 19. am saving, am going 20. think, are getting 21. are looking, is just taking 22. does, is always working 23. is he doing, think, is polishing 24. is coming, do you want 25. is Peter getting on, seems 26. Is Mrs Pitt looking/does Mrs Pitt look, is smoking, and (is) dropping 27. leave, arrive, spend, set, sounds, get 28. makes, finds, goes, does not forget, returns, looks 29. finds, recognizes, coils, kills 30. does the snake feel, don't know, ends 31. do you end, begins, put, prefers 32. does the word "catastrophe" mean, mean 33. are you waiting, am waiting, doesn't open, know, want, starts/is starting 34. are you smoking, don't smoke, am smoking, want, says, removes 35. owns, don't know, uses, knows, owns 36. do you mind, ask, depends, con­cerns, refuse

10. (Negatives are given in their contracted form, af­firmatives are not given in their contracted form, but in speech present progressive tenses are normally contracted in the af­firmative.) 1. are you going; am going, do you want 2. do you smoke; I don't smoke, smokes, I do; spends 3. sees; are you waiting; am waiting 4. you usually go; belongs, wants; is using 5. go; takes, passes; is working, am queueing 6. Are you coming, are you waiting; think, wait, are, looks 7. are waiting; is dialling; Do you know; phones 8. does he come; comes; speaks 9. wonder, is speaking; comes, suppose, is speaking 10. are having; are opening; writes; get; have you (got) 11. says, is coming, wants 12. Do you have/Have you got; don't think; don't see; does a traffic warden do 13. walks, stays, parks, sticks 14. is putting, sees; hates 15. want; are just closing; we always close, doesn't

want 16. is listening, is reading, is doing, is writing 17. reads knits, isn't knitting 18. goes, doesn't go; likes; prefers 19. are watching; are enjoying, don't understand 20. happens; Does the teacher give; gives, shows, discusses 21. gets; sits, stands, walks runs 22. is that man standing; is trying, is waiting; doesn't he use/isn't he using; don't bother; prefer 23. are wearing; Do уou like; suits, doesn't fit 24. speak, come 25. is taking, is coming 26. talk; prefer; are talking; aren't talking 27. are having; am meeting; Do you go 28. go, am going; takes, costs 29. Are you doing; am packing, am catching; are you staying 30. Are you going; I am staying; are coming; Do you invite; invite 31. am just going; is pouring; don't you wait; stops 32. gets, washes, shaves, gets, don't hear; hear, makes 33. gets; makes, wakes; sings, bangs, drops, plays 34. don't you ask; mention, doesn't do; says, doesn't make, think, believes 35. Do you see; keeps; Do you think, is asking; expect, is making; do you make; stop, ask, write 36. starts, stays; moves; takes, does, wishes

11. 1. writes, know, is doing; Does your son write; hear; seems 2. cost; Do you think; depends 3. am seeing; am changing; are always changing; don't you leave 4. look/are looking, are you thinking, am thinking; are only just starting; know, am reading, says, starts 5. is always knocking on my door and asking; does she do; puts; don't mind, annoys, knows, needs, takes 6. does she do, runs out; borrows, takes, wants, finds 7. does she owe; don't know, don't keep; is leaving, is getting; am trying 8. don't you offer; sounds; doesn't realize, owes 9. says, owe, seem, owes, remember 10. don't think, is enjoying; keeps, is enjoying; enjoys; know, wants, is expecting/expects 11. are you staying; am leaving; am going 12. are you coming, are you going; depends; agrees; expect 13. is seeing; don't you come 14. Do you see; is watching; do you know, is watching; comes, goes, makes 15. are all these people doing, are they wearing; they are making; are working 16. sounds; Do you think; don't know, see, finish, are still taking on 17. Is Ann acting; doesn't act; imagine, knows 18. lives, come, see; doesn't bother, climbs, knocks 19. are moving; are you leaving; suits; know, does, is/are pulling down; are widening; say 20. ask, likes, says, don't know, thinks, suits, is merely being 21. want; tells, says, thinks 22. Does your sister's frankness annoy; does; doesn't want; wants 23. hear; am not living; are still working, is taking 24. think, take, expects; are they doing; are putting; seem, smoke,

slows 25. are always hammering; keeps, begins, hear; shakes 26. is stirring, is standing; says, are boiling; don't think, matters, cook, don't know, isn't getting; thickens 27. is being painted, isn't look­ing; Do they stop; are having 28. does the word "Establishment" mean; doesn't give; means, have 29. say, belongs, imply, accepts; isn't trying/doesn't try 30. Do all rich men belong; do, are always jeering/always jeer; is used 31. is being pulled; are using; go, get 32. smell; do; think, is coming; is probably ironing; irons, watches, gets, forgets, is pressing; is thinking 33. are you looking; am look­ing; am always looking, puts; put; don't you try 34. are travelling; is reading, is doing, is looking out; stops, falls 35. spends; amuses; is watching, sees 36. does; checks; doesn't need; happens, makes; makes

12. 1. are you going; we'll probably go 2. are having; is leaving/leaves 3. shall/will see; will probably look 4. am seeing; will refuse 5. shall/will know; will tell 6. will be; shall/will miss; will walk, will probably catch 7. shall/will probably come; will give, am coming 8. will get; are staying, will have to; will move 9. will he say; won't mind; will just buy 10. won't know; will leave 11. will never get; will meet, will fall 12. am going; Are you coming; shall/will probably have 13. Are you walking; will get; will bring 14. am having, are starting; will make 15. Are you taking; am taking; will pass; will/shall take 16. are you meeting; are meeting; is taking 17. are you doing; will go; will probably stay 18. is Jack arriving; is he getting; will come 19. are they doing; are going; is happening; are taking; will enjoy 20. will wake, won't get 21. are spending; shall/will manage; will turn; will be able 22. is catching, will be 23. is George coming; are moving, shall/will have to 24. am ringing; Shall I ask; shall/will be; will write 25. are having, are lunching, is standing; are giving 26. will let, shall/will find 27. are getting; Are you going; Are they having 28. Shall I wait, will take 29. will you have; will have; will have; are having, am having; will have 30. will give; am collecting 31. is getting; will happen; will ring, will sleep, will come 32. am being; is leaving, am taking; will soon be, will spend, will lose or will spend ... and lose 33. am flying; are you taking; will spend 34. are going; are having ... and going; will come; is coming; will ask 35. is coming; Shall we go'; will get, shall/will be able; won't pay 36. are opening, are having; will look; will come; are you having; are missing; are going

13. 1. are you going; am going; are you going to do; am going to fish 2. are you going; am not going; am staying/going to stay; am going to write 3. is going to rain 4. are you staying-am going; are you going to do; am going to try 5. am going to dye; Are you going to do, are you going to have it done; am going to have 6. am going to read 7. are you doing; are coming, am going to show/am showing; are you taking; am going to take/am taking 8. are starting; are going; Are you going to climb; is going to climb; am going to sit ... and do 9. are going; Are you going to sail; are taking/are going to take; are going to try 10. Aren't you going to ask; am leaving; are you going to do; Are you going to have; am starting 11. Are you going to use; am going to live; am going to start; are you going to do/are you doing, am selling/am going to sell; is getting 12. is going, is having; is going to look; is coming 13. am going to send; am seeing 14. is arriving; Is he spending; is he catching, is spending; is giving ... and attending 15. Is he bringing; is going to do, is giving 16. am starting; are you going to do; am going to study 17. Are you going; am going to get; am going; am going to ask; is joining/is going to join, they are all going to pick 18. am going to buy; is going to be 19. are you going to do; Are you going to sell; am going to learn; am having 20. am moving in; Are you going to have; am going to paint 21. Are you having; am going to do/am doing; am going to use; are going to help; am hiring/am going to hire 22. am going to do; am going to plant ... and make; Are you going to give/are you giving 23. am getting; are starting, is coming 24. are meeting; Are they just going to repeat; are they going to climb; are go­ing to offer

14. Shall can be replaced by will in these answers. 1. shall recognize 2. will see/am seeing 3. is playing 4. is coming 5. am going 6. shall know 7. shall owe 8. shall believe 9. am having 10. will have 11. is being/will be 12. is coming 13. is catching 14. are you meeting, at meeting 15. are you riding/will you ride 16. will Mrs Pitt say, won't mind 17. will it matter 18. won't forget 19. is leaving 20. shall remember 21. will break 22. will never forgive 23. will like 24. are laying 25. will see 26. will grow 27. will understand 28. will scratch 29. shall be 30. won't pass 31. is going 32. am moving 33. will soon forget 34. will wait 35. won't write 36. will be

18. 1. am going to have 2. are going to assemble; will come 3 am going to shampoo 4. am going to make; will burn 5. am going to paint 6. am going to make 7. will look 8. will see 9. will wait 10. are going to camp ... and cook 11. am going to put 12. Are you going to wear; am going to sit ... and watch; am not going to get 13. will take 14. will have 15. will start; will get, will bake 16. is going to bake; will soon get 17. Are you going to try; am going to try; will confiscate 18. shall/will have; will come

19. am not going to take; am going to mend; is going to help

20. Are you going to paint; am going to take 21. will add; won't be able to read; am going to type; shall/will have 22. will type 23. will ring 24. am going to ring 25. Aren't you going to climb; are going to climb; are going to try; will cook, will buy 26. am going to wash; will come 27. are going to pick; will probably come, will start 28. will have to go, will be; will get; Will you let 29. will stay; will try 30. am going to start; Are you going to do; is going to help 31. is going to write; will buy; will buy 32. is going to dig 33. is the new owner going to make; is going to concentrate 34. are going to bottle 35. will go 36. are going to buy; will stay

19. 1. will/shall both be coming 2. will meet, will forget 3. will be watching; will ring 4. will/shall be doing; will still be working 5. will get, will do 6. will be coming 7. will/shall be working 8. will/shall be taking of 9. will come 10. will be playing 11. will get; will still be; will be going, will ask 12. will be, will be wondering/will wonder 13. will/shall never be able; will be helping; won't be helping; will/shall be helping 14. will write, will try; will type 15. will/shall be typing; will type 16. will tell 17. will just be coming 18. will be melting 19. will be talking ... and showing, will/shall feel 20. will tell, won't believe 21. will just be getting up 22. will be wearing; will wrap ... and go 23. will be; will be speaking, will be addressing 24. will be reading, will be ringing 25. will still be standing 26. Will you please forward; will/shall be staying 27. will be coming 28. will be leaving 29. won't start; will give 30. will be coming 31. will be looking 32. will you be arriving; will/shall be travelling; Will there be; will send 33. Will you be using; will put 34. will/shall be having; will be hobbling 35. will enjoy; won't/shan't have; will/shall be map-reading, will/shall be 36. will write

20. 1. won't do 2. won't come; won't be driving 3. won't/shan't be coming 4. won't have; won't come 5. won't/shan't be teaching 6. will/shall be doing; won't/shan't be eating 7. won't eat 8. won't bite 9. won't be coming 10. will be fishing 11. won't clean 12. won't/shan't be showing

13. won't/shan't be washing; will/shall  be having

14. won't/shan't be wearing; won't recognize 15. won't be, won't believe 16. won't/shan't be delivering 17. won't be wear­ing 18. won't tell 19. won't be using; won't do 20. will/shall have; won't/shan't be paying 21. won't pay; will have 22. won't work 23. will get on; won't be working 24. won't even show; won't come

22. (shall can be replaced by will In these answers. Con­tractions may be used.} 1. will be walking 2. will walk 3. shall be bathing 4. will wash 5. shall be doing 6. shall be working/am working 7. will have 8. will be looking 9. shall be thinking/shall think 10. will assemble 11. will meet, shall I recognize, will be wearing 12. will leave, shall be going/am going 13. will be debat­ing/are debating 14. will go 15. will be working 16. will post, shall be going/am going 17. will be dancing/will dance 18. will be letting off ... and making/will let off ... and make 19. will re­main 20. shall be sitting, won't be reading 21. will be going/will go 22. will be changing/will change 23. will come 24. will bring 25. shall all be living 26. will be going/will go 27. shall not be playing 28. will be opening/will open 29. will drive 30. shall be entering 31. will hand 32. will be arriving/will arrive 33. will be leaving 34. will be using ... and leaving/will use ... and leave 35. will bring, will catch 36. will put

23. (In these answers I/we won't can be replaced by I am not going to/ we are not going to without any change in meaning. It is also grammatically possible to replace you/he/they won't by the going to form, but this would make the negative much less emphatic. Shan't is replaceable by won't.) 1. won't help 2. won't be meeting 3. won't cut 4. won't be cutting 5. won't be coming/isn't coming 6. won't come 7. won't lend 8. won't be speaking/isn't speaking 9. won't work 10. shan't be working 11. won't have 12. shan't be teaching/am not teaching 13. won't speak 14. shan't be writing 15. won't feed 16. won't go 17. won't paint 18. shan't be taking 19. won't bor­row 20. won't wash 21. shan't be using 22. won't send 23. won't

play 24. won't be singing/isn't singing 25. won't play 26. won't be taking part/isn't taking part 27. won't eat 28. shan't be eat­ing 29. won't ride 30. won't be riding/isn't riding 31. won't give 32. won't be drinking 33. won't open 34. won't tell 35. won't eat 36. won't be wearing

24. 1. are you going to feed 2. are you letting/are you going to let/will you be letting 3. will you light 4. are you wearing/are you going to wear/will you be wearing 5. will you wear 6. will you come 7. will you have 8. are you having/are you going to have 9. ate you going to study/will you be studying 10. will you be speaking 11. will you turn 12. Any one of the four forms is possible here: "Will you take" implies that the matter has not yet been decided and that the speaker is offering a choice of dates. The other forms would imply that the matter has already been arranged and that the speaker is merely asking for informa­tion. 13. will you be listening/are you going to listen 14. will you help 15. will you be staying 16. will you lend 17. are you meeting/are you going to meet/will you be meeting 18. will you come 19. will you have 20. will you translate 21. will you be us­ing/are you using/are you going to use 22. will you be go­ing/are you going, will you get 23. will you come 24. will you be passing/are you going to pass/are you passing, shall be spend­ing/am going to spend/am spending, will you get 25. are you going to keep 26. are you travelling/are you going to travel 27. are you going to repair 28. will you hold 29. are you go­ing/will you be going 30. will you kindly explain 31. will you recognize 32. are you sending/are you going to send 33. will you tell 34. are you going/will you be going 35. are you going to type/will you be typing 36. will you stop

25. 1. will have repaired 2. will have done 3. will/shall have made 4. will have finished 5. will have planted 6. will/shall have passed 7. will/shall have done 8. will have walked 9. will have lost 10. will have spent 11. will/shall have worked 12. will have been driven 13. will/shall have sent 14. will/shall have given 15. will have died 16. will have driven 17. will/shall have picked 18. will have sunk

26. Part 1. 1. is looking; sees, rings; answers 2. am ringing 3. says; use 4. uses; eats; don't think, likes 5. would suit/suits; like; would we arrange/do we arrange, use 6. includes; doesn't include 7. see; does the room face 8. faces; looks, gets 9. sounds

10. Would 7 p.m.   suit or Will 7 p.m. suit; can't/couldn't /wouldn't be able to, don't get 11. will/would be; don't think, will have; passes, stops 12. I'll find ; I'll see 13. comes, asks 14. is coming 15. She'll probably come, are sitting; get; don't think, give 16. do; listens; will be 17. rings; looks, smiles 18. says, goes

Part 2. 19. am speaking; am spending; would you like 20. I'd love; do I get 21. I'll meet 22. I'll do 23. conies 24. sounds 25. see 26. are you doing 27. am spending 28. you'll freeze, doesn't kill; are you getting 29. am catching, is meeting 30. I'll lend; I'll tell 31. likes 32. I'll give, fall, goes; are having, is going, is catching 33. is always going; go 34. comes, hear, will be

28. (will and shall may be contracted.) 1. returns 2. are 3. strikes 4. hears 5. shall/will have 6. comes 7. turn 8. gets 9. won't start 10. goes 11. will see 12. will be 13. hall/will lend

14. will wake 15. will he ring 16. goes 17. is 18. shall/will give, comes 19. see 20. get 21. shall/will go 22. have 23. will fall 24. goes 25. arrives 26. lifts 27. will go on 28. will become

29. won't move 30. will go on 31. learns 32. leap 33. shall/will have 34. get 35. begins 36. arrives

30. (Contractions men/ be used.) 1. have taken 2. have fin­ished/finish 3. have had 4. have been 5. goes/has gone 6. gets/has got 7. has done 8. have done 9. will see 10. have had

11. shall/will take 12. go 13. have seen 14. goes/has gone

15. won't let 16. shall/will let 17. sees 18. won't hear 19. has passed/passes 20. has sold 21. have swept/sweep 22. will get 23. will give 24. says 25. have returned/return 26. has been 27. have signed 28. won't know 29. have subsided/subside

30.  has left 31. shall/will have 32. have had 33. shall/will stay 34. have made 35. has eaten 36. will come/come

31. 1. begins 2. gets 3. open 4. are 5. start 6. receive/have received 7. like 8. are 9. slows 10. stops 11. will explain, are

12. read/have "read 13. have been 14. have cleaned ... and painted or clean ... and paint 15. have settled/settle 16. see 17. have seen 18. have finished/finish 19. have reached/reach 20. have done 21. lifts/has lifted 22. arrives 23. knows, will give 24. has cooled/cools 25. have finished/finish 26. have given 27. will tell, are 28. have been, will let 29. have flown 30. has been 31. come

32. shall/will have finished, see, finish/have finished, start

33. Have seen 34. have driven 35. will give, wakes 36. arrived

35. 1. were talking/passed 2. was sleeping/was awak-ened/went/was happening/knew/was barking 3. didn't take/thought/was joking 4. were drinking/broke out/soon carne/called/was just beginning/arrived/took/were get--ting/made/ succeeded/were still looking 5. was going on/called/rang/didn't answer/was coming/thought 6. was looking or looked/were you sitting 7. left/were still talk­ing/seemed

38 1. was eating 2. was sleeping or slept 3. was studying, were having 4. went 5. entered 6. was looking or looked 7. saw 8. owned 9. was writing, broke

43. 1. decided 2. chose 3. looked, were getting, was mixing, was washing 4. were, asked, was doing 5. replied, was going, went, knew, were looking 6. began, found, were 7. worked 8. started/were starting, rang 9. was, wanted, was playing 10. stayed, went 11. left 12. returned, came, wasted 13. said 14. thought 15. was just climbing, rang 16. said, was getting, went, opened 17. was, was coming, arriving

44. 1. was walking, realized, was following 2. walked, turned, stopped 3. appeared, stopped 4. went 5. stopped, stopped, looked, was 6. looked, was wearing/wore, wondered 7. decided 8. was standing 9. came, rang, moved off/was moving off, jumped 10. missed, got, was following/followed 11. crawled 12. pulled, looked, was getting/got 13. changed, got 14. left, bought 15. was standing, came 16. was carrying, got, sat, read 17. looked, was getting/got 18. was becoming/became, went, sat, asked, was following 19. said, wasn't following, threatened, admitted 20. told, was, was trying 21. told, advised, didn't want, was being followed

45. 1. was sitting, saw; seemed 2. was snowing, woke; re­membered, was coming, decided, lost 3. reached, realized, did not know; was wondering, tapped 4. was running/ran, struck 5. looked; was going; was drawing 6. were listening, were whis­pering, was reading; hated, read 7. was reading, burst, rushed 8. went, didn't find; said, didn't know, was doing, thought, was probably playing 9. stopped/used to stop; closed, gave 10. promised, saw, was telling 11. picked, dialled; found; were planning 12. met; were; was studying, wasn't spent 13. was just starting, opened, leapt 14. were you doing, said; was cleaning

' 15. looked, said, was leaving the district and (was) going; said,

was, was going, told, was getting/got on 16. were building, was 17. were reading, were just turning over; was knitting, was play, ing; opened, said 18. was; were they doing; heard, were looking; Did they find; discovered 19. told, made; was just pulling 20. was just sticking, came; tried, refused 21. took; Was she actually working 22. said, was coming, wondered 23. was wondering, came, bought 24. was always borrowing, asked, said, hadn't, knew, wanted 25. went, had, was being; turned, saw 26. bumped, asked, said, was having 27. attacked, was putting; thrust, tore; contained; patched 28. did you break; fell, was putting, was, was, was going 29. didn't go; cancelled, spent 30. was just rising, shouted; looked 31. was raining, played/were playing; was try­ing, didn't get/wasn't getting on, kept 32. were you doing, rang; was making; did you do, heard, went; opened, was 33. rang, found, said, was making 34. said was, rang; answered, was talk­ing, saw; went 35. didn't get, were having/had; rang up, said, were making; pointed out, was, had; said, were always having 36. were you doing/did you do, got; was working/worked; did you stay, stayed; left, were always going; became/was becoming

46. 1. was burning 2. was writing 3. was making 4. left 5. was just leaving 6. was watching, turned, went 7. stood 8. was playing, insisted 9. was walking 10. was having, lunched 11. wore, carried 12. did you think₄liked 13. shared, was always complaining/always complained ' 14. realized, was travelling 15. was playing, threw 16. was just opening, blew 17. was open­ing, heard, put, crawled 18. was looking, found 19. saw, were you doing 20. were playing, heard, hid, took 21. was cleaning, went, killed 22. didn't allow, was blowing 23. was crossing/crossed, stepped, fell 24. was still lying, saw 25. saw, stopped 26. did you damage, ran, were driving, were going 27. was getting/got, started, fell 28. called, was already getting up 29. was mend­ing/mended, got 30. heard, went, opened, didn't recognize, wasn't wearing 31. were sitting, was doing, was knitting, were reading, smiled, said 32. were dancing, broke, stole 33. knew, were looking, hid, went 34. was always buying 35. told, was spending/spent, listened 36. began, banged

47. 1. woke, was always getting/always got, went, bought 2. had to, usually grazed/was usually grazing 3. didn't normally chase, made, was crossing, went 4. annoyed, began 5. was carry­ing, was raining, threw, ran 6. stopped, began, was doing

1 awoke, was sitting, was looking, called, turned, smiled 8. did you interrupt, was having 9. was carrying, heard 10. was looking, noticed 11. were walking/walked, heard, turned, held, stopped 12. arrived, was waiting, was wearing, (was) looking/looked, saw. waved, shouted, was saying/said, was making 13. escaped, was working, was wearing 14. was travelling, began 15. didn't like, was trying 16. was making, felt, brought, was able 17. saw, was painting, did you like, was only just starting, saw 18. took, was being, were still listening, left/were leaving 19. was, had to, was enjoying 20. were coming, stopped, said, was looking, asked 21. saw, were you using, was using, were you riding 22. was knitting 23. was, said, hoped, was enjoying 24. was watering, began, put, went 25. was just writing remembered, had 26. found, was digging, belonged 27. saw, was hurrying, asked, was going, said, was speaking, wasn't 28. called, was still working 29. came, was smoking, had, threw, hoped 30. noticed, was rising, were you smoking, came, asked 31. was swimming, stole, had to 32. said, were working, wanted 33. said, was building, thought 34. woke, said, thought, was trying 35. did you lend, was still reading, didn't know, were still reading 36. came, woke, started, woke, came, said, said, didn't hear, was barking, went, telephoned

48. 1. have, wound 2. haven't, ate 3. has, fed 4. haven't, have only repaired 5. have done, did 6. haven't, haven't found 7. have, made 8. haven't, have been 9. haven't, haven't seen 10. have, went 11. have driven, drove 12. hasn't, has, went 13. have, was 14. has, spoke 15. have only spent, have 16. haven't saved, have saved 17. hasn't, went 18. haven't seen, saw, didn't see 19. have, paid 20. haven't, flew 21. bit, has bitten 22. planted, haven't 23. has, wrote 24. haven't, drank, haven't drunk

49. 1. have you lived/have you been living, have lived/have been living 2. lived, went 3. did you wear, insisted 4. left, cut, have worn 5. wrote 6. has written, has just finished 7. flew, did you see 8. haven't seen 9. hasn't smoked 10. composed 11. did he arrive, arrived 12. did you lock 13. read, enjoyed 14. haven't fin­ished 15. have never drunk 16. have written 17. has stopped '8. have just cleaned 19. left, got 20. did, was 21. has just gone « 22. went 23. have you had, had 24. met 25. did you see 26. began, lasted, enjoyed 27. has just begun 28. has the newspaper come 29. arrived, started 30. has been 31. wrote 32. have

missed 33. broke 34. has been 35. worked, retired, went 36. have you been, spent, did you have, stopped

50. \. haven't seen, told 2. bought, did you pay, paid 3 did you find, found, didn't you leave 4. have lost, have you seen, ha­ven't, did you last wear, wore, left 5. has just left, has been, has never bought 6. left, did he go, didn't see, went 7. served, did that war begin, began, lasted 8. did you vote, voted, wasn't, was, lost 9. did you like, liked, quarrelled, dismissed, were, was 10. didn't know, knew, have you known, have known 11. hasn't had, have been 12. did you hear, did, did you think 13. didn't know, were, have you been, have been, have you been, went 14. have you tried, tried, found, started 15. have you seen, has anything happened, have escaped 16. has Mary fed, fed, did she give, gave 17. have you known, have known, did he do, came, was 18. have you seen, hasn't been bought 19. has the plumber been, stayed, did he do, turned, emptied 20. have you been, have been, did you enjoy, took, did you win, came 21. has that been, has been, have written, has been 22. have just been, have you seen, haven't, haven't read, read, was, did Tolstoy write, wrote, did he write 23. brought, did he do, wanted 24. have you been, have been, did he take, did, did it hurt 25. said, hasn't phoned 26. have just received, haven't paid, didn't I give, did, spent/have spent 27. have you been, have just started, did you find, answered 28. have you finished, have done 29. have cut, did it happen, slipped 30. did you get, got 31. did you meet, did, had 32. lost, has been, did he lose, was 33. has been, did you see, happened, ran 34. phoned, got 35. did not wear, have worn 36. has been, have just taken, has bought

51. Affirmative: the answer in each case is have/has + been + present participle, e.g. 1. have been making

Negative: have/has + not + been + present participle* e.g. 16. haven't been eating

Interrogative: have/has + subject + been + present parti­ciple, e.g 6. have you been doing

Present participles are as follows: 1. making 2. ringing 3. overworking 4. cutting 5. looking 6. doing, working 7. studying 8. waiting 9. raining 10. arguing 11. bathing 12. driving 13. wearing 14. saying 15. trying 16. eating 17. speaking 18. flying 19. playing 20. shopping 21. living 22. eating 23. looking 24. leaking 25. digging, helping 26. asking 27. using 28. driving 29. going 30. snowing 31. crying, peeling 32. making 33. drinking 34. smoking 35. eating 36. trying

52. 1. have walked 2. have been walking/have walked 3. have been walking/have walked 4. have been making 5. have you made, have made 6. has eaten 7. hasn't stopped 8. has been drinking 9. have pulled 10. have been pulling 11. have you been doing, have been picking 12. have you picked, have picked 13. have slept 14. has been sleeping/has slept 15. has been rid-ing 16. have ridden 17. has been making 18. have been work­ing/have worked 19. have heard 20. have been hearing/have heard 21. have been greasing 22. have been polishing 23. have been working/have worked, has never said 24. has been teach­ing/has taught 25. have taught, have never met 26. have you been, have been pumping/have pumped 27. have pumped 28. have been looking/have looked, haven't found 29. has been coughing/has coughed 30. have you heard, have known 31. have been trying, have said 32. has been sounding 33. has been rain­ing/has rained, has been postponed 34. has been hoping, hasn't dared 35. have been whispering, have you been helping, has he been helping 36. have you been making, have lost, have been trying, have throwing

53. 1. for 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. for 6. since 7. since 8. since 9. for 10. since 11. for 12. for 13. for 14. for 15. since 16. since 17. for 18. since 19. for 20. since 21. since 22. since 23. for 24. since 25. since 26. since 27. for 28. since 29. since 30. for 31. for 32. since 33. for 34. for 35. for 36. since

66. 1. have played/have been playing; Have you played, came; have played; joined, arrived 2. Have you played; have played; have had, have won, didn't really deserve 3. played, was, left, dropped, took 4. haven't seen; have you been; I've been; meant, hadn't/didn't have; Did you have/Had you, were; was; have only just got; enjoyed; skied, danced 5. skied, was, broke, haven't done 6. came, was; has been built, has become 7. hasn't started; has he been, has been, spent 8. have just heard; didn't you know; flew; Have you heard; got; told; didn't say, liked; has only been 9. didn't know, were; exploded, burnt 10. has been; used, rode, have had 11. made; has he been; we have only had; resigned, was 12. has left; left; Has anybody been appointed; have applied/applied, has been decided 13. Did you have/Have you had; was, have ever had, took; thought, was, searched,

announced, was; took off 14. did you spend; took, fed, walked bought, didn't need; passed 15. Have you booked; wrote, haven't answered 16. didn't know you were; have been; arrived 17. met said; made, found, needed, seemed 18. Did you know, arrived' didn't know 19. have you learnt/been learning; have been learn­ing 20. began, did; dropped, forgot; spent, studied, have been studying/have studied 21. rang, said; spent, couldn't/wasn't able to, rang; haven't seen, said; went, haven't come; went 22. have just had; did it go; did you enjoy; didn't actually hit, made

23. sold, bought, left; arrived; wasn't, said; hasn't been taken

24. saw; thought, worked, said; worked, explained, went, told; gave; have worked 25. Have you been; went; were; Did you go; went; hired 26. have you been, came; have been 27. have seen; did you go; went; took 28. Did you see, were; saw; walked, asked, had, said, has just returned 29. Have you been; have been; haven't been

30. Have you seen; went, saw; Did you like; loved, didn't understand

31. has just died; knew; worked; didn't see, left, kept 32. thought, was, turned; shouted; said, didn't know, were 33. Hasn't Tom come; came; went; didn't hear 34. has just given; have just touched, didn't feel 35. came; went; looked; coughed, spun; exclaimed, didn't see 36. you have just agreed; didn't realize, wanted

67. 1. bought, haven't sold 2. was, began; ran, made 3. caught, didn't get in, arrived 4. looked up, came; have been, growled 5. rang, said; said, haven't had; didn't you tell 6. met, said, didn't see; Did you miss; didn't miss, replied; haven't missed; gave 7. went; worked, went 8. has been; did she go; went

9. bought, asked; told, have waited/been waiting, hasn't come

10. met, offered; said; have just had 11. arrived, landed, climbed out; recognized; exclaimed; didn't know, knew; have only just learnt, said; went 12. tried, heard, called out; have you been; has been 13. Have you been; went; Did you like; didn't see; was 14. have just bought; Have you read; haven't read; haven't even seen 15. Have you been; was; did you get; took 16. Have you seen; rang, got; has been; flew, decided; Have you heard; got, arrived 17. have you been; have been; did you do/were you Jo-ing; worked/was working 18. did you work; worked; Did you like; didn't like; did you stay 19. was, stayed, played; did you play; played; lost 20. did you begin; began, was; went; stayed, went 21. was, started; did you get; haven't got; have only been 22. left; rang; answered; said; has just gone, said 23. Have you been; was; Did you go; hitch-hiked 24. haven't seen; has been ill; _collapsed, was taken; sent, hasn't come 25. was; Did you see; took, was, said, needed; haven't been able, haven't watched

26. Have you ever been; spent; went, met, wanted, didn't get

27. said; said; hasn't come; rang, were; said; got; didn't come

28. dictated, told; rang; Have you finished, asked; said, have done, haven't started 29. Have you found out; rang, answered, didn't seem; said; has been 30. said, Has Jack moved; said, didn't see; wasn't 31. have you been; have been; bought/have bought; found, got 32. have played, came; has been, inherited; Did you ever play; played, died, arrived 33. Have you seen; left; put 34. Have you met; met; did you talk; talked 35. did, bought, has made; have always done, have always found 36. had; have had, got; told, were; has been, have changed

68. 1. have been telephoning; Haven't you nearly finished; haven't got; have been trying, has been 2. has failed; has been practising, has got 3. have often wondered; have just found out 4. has been playing; has only just stopped 5. haven't you brought; Haven't you typed 6. Have you been sunbathing; has been rain­ing/has rained 7. have been building; have been watching/have watched 8. haven't found, has been; has been helping 9. have pulled down, haven't touched 10. have searched/have been searching, haven't seen 11. have been waiting, have waited 12. has been; has been looking, hasn't found 13. have been doing, haven't finished; have done 14. have just picked; have grown/have been growing, have never had 15. have you been doing; have been using 16. has just sold; have been painting, haven't sold 17. has this happened; have had, have thrown 18. have you done; has just gone; has finished 19. has worked /has been working, has never once been; have/has just presented 20. have been mending/have mended, have only done, has broken down 21. has collected/has been collecting; has col­lected 22. have been looking, have completely forgotten; has hap­pened 23. has been getting/has got, has been rising/has risen; has come 24. has eaten, has lost count, has attended; Has he put on 25. have been ringing up; has gone; has been working; has found out 26. has been using; haven't been 27. have been stand­ing; hasn't moved; has just shut ... and gone off 28. has/have been considering; have just given, have decided 29. have been Playing, haven't played 30. have been, haven't got 31. has been

standing; has already gone 32. has happened; have been wait­ing/have waited; has often kept, has never been 33. has been living/has lived, has never said 34. have just remembered, ha­ven't paid; hasn't rung; have been; have paid; has lost 35. have been shopping/have shopped; has been losing/has lost, have made, have been told, have known 36. have you been doing; have been looking; have been building

69. 1. gave, thanked, said, had enjoyed, knew, hadn't read, were 2. had seen, returned, didn't have/hadn't 3. didn't have, had already done, was 4. didn't have, did, left 5. had, was; decided 6. picked, went, slammed 7. felt, had reminded 8. had searched and found, remembered, was 9. had left 10. remembered, were 11. arrived; had been told, was, was 12. asked, said, hadn't been 13. wanted, had come 14. told 15. admitted, never bought/had never bought, assured, sold, wasn't 16. returned, saw, had broken in, was, was 17. were, had only just left 18. Probably they (had) heard/They (had) probably heard, had run/ran 19. had helped, was, poured 20. wondered, had found, hoped 21. had been given, had died 22. hadn't had, hadn't liked 23. seemed, had taken 24. put, took, had forgotten/forgot, had put 25. came, said, had just swallowed 26. thought, left, was, arrived, learnt, had just left 27. found, had been using/had used 28. parked, rushed; came, was 29. wondered, had stolen, had driven 30. was, was, had been working/had worked 31. was, had had 32. brought, hadn't come 33. kept, had seen 34. looked, went, saw 35. got up, was, won­dered, had stayed, had gone away and come back 36. opened, saw 37. had clearly been listening, wondered, had heard 38. asked, had been   doing/was doing, said, had dropped, had been looking for/was lookingf for 39. didn't see, found, had probably dropped, opened 40. had been taking 41. were, turned, asked 42. pulled, ran off 43. (had) recovered, had disappeared 44. moved, found had been standing 45. had been telling/was telling

70. 1. I've been waiting 2. has been learning 3. had beer asking 4. I've been working 5. haven't been listening/I've been saying 6. have been pointing out 7. had been expecting 8. had been looking 9. had been giving 10. had been flying 11. you've been seeing 12. has been operating

71. 1. had already died 2. will already have started 3. had been cancelled 4. will have reached 5. had already gone to bed 6. will have left hospital 7. have got married

72. 1. I've never met him 2. haven't tried eating it 3. had never studied it before 4. had been feeling ill 5. will all have died 6. hadn't slept very well 7. It's all been used up 8. haven't spoken to 9. haven't read it yet 10. I hadn't been told anything about it 11. It's already been sent 12. I've just found them

73. 1. died/had reigned 2. was moved/had taken 3. real­ized/had had 4. returned, had been broken into 5. under­stood/had managed 6. called/discovered/had just missed/had gone out 7. set out/had left/had still not returned 8. saw/had occupied

74. I am still; I am having; I don't wish ..., you, if you find; it is still ... for me to stay; was unspoken ... us/it did not matter; you were, this was/it was or is/I now have to pay; you must forgive me; I do not want, Do you want to see me; you said/we parted/you did/you said; I have been living; did you speak; you are back/I shall perhaps seem; Then will be/you once hinted/who will make you forget your; I think of our (I feel) must be for us; I never positively said or I have never positively said/you did not understand or you have not understood/let me say/I love you/I want to marry you/I want to be with you; I ask of you/which might help me

77. 1. had arrested 2. had washed 3. had waited 4. entered 5. washed 6. had received 7. sat 8. had flipped 9. had taken 10. had lived

86. Part 1. 1. have just heard, would/should like 2. Do you think, could or would be able to 3. had, remember, said, was or had been, (had) got 4. can/could, can/could, suits/would suit 5. has, will/would bring 6. isn't, do not hesi­tate 7. are, will take him if I ask/would take him if I asked 8. has been/was, seemed

Part 2. 9. am/was, am, are going 10. will be 11. will look 12. enjoyed, missed, left/had left, looked 13. will be 14. Will you/Would you/Could you bring, doesn't suit 15. Don't bother, have 16. you'll have, bring, you'll have/you'll have had

Part 3. 17. Do you by any chance know 18. should/would like, have just heard, would exactly suit, doesn't apply, won't get 19. saw, was just leaving/had just left 20. said, was going, Promised, (had) found 21. have heard, don't even know, went 22. know, should/would be, would phone 23. have tried, doesn't seem

Part 4. 24. am, advertised, are coming/shall be coming, (shall) require 25. Would you please/Could you please tell me 26. should/would like 27. Would I be able/Could I 28. hopes/is hoping, don't drive, won't be/wouldn't be, need/shall need/should need 29. Do the local shops still deliver; know, did 30. should/would be, would tell, calls 31. ask/are asking, sounds; would you like/do you like 32. have been, lived, want 33. is also writing, would like, painted 34. has known, lived, am, would/will recommend 35. should/would of course be or am of course willing 36. should/would be, enclose

87. Part 1. 1. wrote, asking or to ask or and asked 2. replied, enclosing, filled up, returned 3. have heard, am beginning/begin, has gone 4. Would/Could you please check, have received 5. have received/did receive/received, haven't decided, should/would be, would tell 6. has already been, should/would like, don't get, shall/will have to, do, shall/will have or have

Part 2. 7. have suffered/have been suffering, leave/are leaving 8. stand, laughing, calling 9. get, bang/banging, reverse 10. sounds, finds, has had, is still learning, don't know, (do) know, takes, roaring, shouting 11. have gone, have all been, find 12. should/would be, would ask, could

Part 3. 13. Are you/Would you be 14. is coming, is bringing or is coming and bringing, or will be coming and bringing 15. haven't met, think, would/will like 16. will be able 17. receives, doesn't get, has asked 18. will probably ring, would be 19. know, don't usually eat, hope, won't be; can 20. passes, remember/will probably remember, will give

88. Part. 1. (Affirmative auxiliary verbs would usually be contracted in speech.) 1. Could 2. does 3. does, came, was, did, is, will/would do 4. do you want 5. should/would like 6. Would Thursday at 4.00 suit 7. wouldn't; is coming 8. would be able to/could do 9. would/will be 10. will/shall expect

Part 2. 11. Could 12. Speaking 13. have you been; have been trying; Don't you leave 14. do, went, have only just got in; is. didn't know, were 15. arrived; would have rung, have been; ha? only just ended; Are you doing 16. am going 17. is; am 18. am had told, would have kept 19. didn't know, dashed, told 20. did 21. does, was driving, had, was taken; am doing; are you really going; can't/couldn't you 22. can't/couldn't; suppose will/would be 23. will stay; will get over; would you like 24. IV

love; are you, will be, should/would hate 25. will be; will ring, am staying; stayed, didn't seem 26. did you stay; will tell

89. 1. If it rains next Sunday, we will stay at home and watch television 2. If you prepare well, you will pass your exami­nation 3. I will stay with the sick man until the doctor arrives

4. Mary won't start to type the letter until the manager comes

5. When the water temperature rises, we can go swimming to the ocean 6. When Jack arrives at Kennedy Airport, he will call us 7. As soon as I receive Bob's letter, I will let you know 8. I will give your book as soon as I see him 9. I'll watch the child while you sleep 10. If the telephone rings while the secretary is out, Linda will answer it 11. I'll call my wife before I arrive in Phila­delphia 12. I'll write down your address right now before I forget it 13. He will turn off the radio before he leaves the house

14. You won't finish the translation on the time unless you work hard 15. Unless the traffic is very heavy, we'll arrive by ten o'clock 16. I won't go to the party unless Mr Smith invites me

17. We will stay in this resort as long as the weather keeps fine

18. I'll leave for Miami as soon as the sun rises

90. 1. I didn't call him because I thought he was busy 2. I knew he was ill 3. I was sure they were talking in the garden 4. I was told he had come back from the South 5. I was sure she was receiving letters from them 6. I thought she was angry with you 7. I thought you had seen him there 8. I thought you had more courage 9. I didn't go out from the shop through the front door but through the back door 10. He didn't go to the cinema yester­day as he is taking an exam tomorrow 11. He insisted on going to the library though he won't need the book today 12. He worked harder last year than he does this year 13. I felt that he didn't want to go there 14. I knew that he had lived in Odessa

15. I was afraid that he would be angry if we didn't finish the work in time

91. 1. She is going to post the letter she has just written 2. She is walking up and down the room thinking of the letter she has been writing 3. Why are you lips black? I have been eating blackberries. I have eaten a whole plateful! 4. How long have you been catching fish here? 5. You look completely worn out. Any­thing wrong with you? 6. Rainborough noticed that she had been crying. her face was stained with tears 7. I saw that it was 2 o'clock. We had been sitting there an hour and a half 8. This coat

has seen better days 9. How much have you given me? Oh sorry, I have been wrong giving you the change 10. I've never seen anything half so splendid 11. Did you think you would have read the book by June, 1st 12. You haven't left anything behind, have you?

92. 1. When Richard came home, Ann was watching televi­sion 2. When we left New York City, it was raining 3. I was writing letters, when the telephone rang 4. We were watching television when somebody knocked at the door 5. Joe got sick while we were travelling in Europe 6. I was reading the newspa­per when my friend arrived 7. Jane was playing the violin when her guests arrived 8. We were having breakfast when the mail­man rang 9. Steven was talking with Ann when I saw them in Central Park 10. Jack was ordering lunch when I entered the restaurant 11. They were living in the Ukraine, when the war broke out 12. The accident happened while they were driving on the Highway 13. When you telephoned, we were having dinner

14. I was sleeping soundly, when somebody knocked at the door

15. It was raining hard when I got off the bus 16. When Joe came home, his wife was preparing dinner

93. 1. Is he working now? 2. He usually walks to work 3. Steve likes Chinese food 4. Does the class begin early in the morning? Yes, it does 5. Does she like to go shopping? Yes, she does 6. The Smiths don't like to travel 7. Henry doesn't have dinner in a restaurant 8. He turned off the radio and went to bed 9. It often rained last winter 10. David finally sold his old car 11. Did Joe come home very late last night? 12. When did Co­lumbus discover America? Columbus discovered America in 1492

13. How much did the ring cost? The ring cost 600 dollars

14. Alice did not come to the party 15. You didn't read the article carefully 16. I was working in my garden on Friday morning 17. They have lived here since June 18. Have you ever visited the Louvre? No, I have never visited the Louvre 19. I'm afraid I have lost my car keys 20. How long have you lived (have you been loving) here? I have been living here for 9 years 21. By five o'clock I had completed my work 22. It had been snowing for two hours when we left house 23. Why was he surprised that he had got a "3"? 24. Nobody knew what year this bridge had been built 25. I was told you had been reading this book for a month. It's high time you returned it to the library 26. The train will be late

27. You won't get to work on time 28. Will you meet Doris soon? 29. We are going to buy a colour TV set 30. We are not going to eat out tonight 31. Are you going to have ice cream for desert? 32. He will have done his homework by 7 p.m 33. A month from now we will have completed our scientific experiments 34. Before he leaves New York City he will have seen all his old friends 35. I am afraid you will have forgotten all these rules by tomorrow

36. I am not sure she will have passed this exam by that time

37. The Miller said he would go to see Little Hans when spring came and be would be able to give him a basket of first flowers

PASSIVE VOICE

7. 1. The search was given up ... 2. That ought to have been pointed out to me ... 3. That question wasn't brought up ... 4. The matter should be looked into 5. ... that the child had been well brought up 6. Our visit had to be put off ... 7. ... that your house had been broken into 8. Don't speak until you're spoken to 9. His request ... was turned down by ... 10. Every penny you spent must be accounted for 11. This stamp hasn't been stuck on ...

12. The truth of what I'm saying will be borne out by events

13. We were held up at the Customs for ... 14. How can the de­sired result be brought about? 15. He hates being made fun of

8. 1. are or are being or were or were being or will be turned out; 2. had been or would be provided for; 3. is being done up;

4. being taken on; 5. is always being told off; 6. be drawn up; 7. will be broken off; 8. would be looked into; 9. had been badly let down; 10. having been blotted out

9. 1. The oldest councillor was  given the freedom ... 2. Access to the ... was denied to ... 3. The child was shown how ••• 4. He was declared "persona non grata" and was allowed ...5. He was given ... 6. Why wasn't he offered the job? 7. Weren't you promised a rise ...? 8. He was left a legacy ... 9. ... stamps, he found he had been sold forgeries 10. What were you paid for •••? 11. He should be told never ... 12. You were asked to meet ... 13. Shall I be sent the details? 14. The goods will be sent to you ••• 15. That boy must be taught a lesson!

10. 1. He is said to be ... 2. This surgeon is considered to be ••• 3. Some redundancies in the Company are now thought to be ••• 4. The statements he had made were proved to be ... 5. The

delegation was understood to be keen ... 6. The Chancellor is believed to be thinking ... 7. The electricity supply industry is expected to be running ... 8. Several ... manufactures are reported to be planning ... 9. The brewers are expected to raise ... 10. The drug was claimed to produce ... 11. The police are said to have acted ... 12. The Prime Minister was alleged to have misled 13. The Government is believed to have had ... 14. The explosion was believed to have been caused ... 15. The equipment is pre­sumed to have been put ... 16. The driver is thought to have had both legs broken ...

11. 1. The fact that such a storm ... was raised by the new scheme means that it can't have properly explained to ... 2. He was warned by ... not to let himself be led astray by ... 3. ... that too much time was being taken up in ... 4. The boy's rudeness was out down to his having been spoiled by ... 5. Not until later was it dis­covered that the picture had been stolen 6. Never before had any­one been sent to prison for ... 7. Only in this way could the law be made ... 8. It was said that no agreement could be reached on ...

9. The rebellion was put down by ... and martial law was declared

10. He wanted the information to be treated as confidential ...

11. Had I been told that the subject ... was to be brought up at ...

12. He dislikes being thought a fool by ... 13. After having been ignored by ..., 14. Should it be proved beyond doubt that the fire was caused by an accident, the man who is at present being held (by the police) on suspicion of arson will, naturally, be released 15. On being informed that he was wanted by the police, the man realized that he had been betrayed by ...

12. 1. The fire brigade finally got the fire under control, but not before it had caused extensive damage 2. Don't let your failure depress you 3. In view of the widespread concern (that) the community feels at the plan to build ... village, the local Council has decided to hold a ... 4. Thieves had broken into the house and (had) stolen two ... 5. Only after the scientists had subjected the new ... tests did the Company put in on the market ... 6. The leader hadn't thought out the plan at all well 7. The Board ought to have made it quite clear to the shareholders, before they held ... meeting, that they would not allow them to vote for ... 8. You should have obtained your ... before you made any decision to take ... 9. The army authorities needn't have caused him ... dis­tress by telling him that ... action, as they later discovered that

they had made a mistake as to ... 10. The reporter withheld in­formation about the source from which he had obtained ...

13. 1. This fact is very well-known 2. The theatre was opened only last month 3. It will soon be forgotten 4. The answers must be written in ink 5. Two of my books have been taken 6. The vacancy has already been filled 7. What should be done in such cases? 8. Was anything interesting said? 9. Was the situation never made clear to you? 10. Milk should be kept in a refrigerator Ц. I don't think it can be done 12. He would undoubtedly have been killed if he hadn't promised to cooperate 13. The work must be finished by 7 14. This type of computer is now being manufac­tured in many European countries 15. The secret could not pos­sibly have been known 16. Have all the necessary arrangements been made? 17. Fortunately nothing had been said about it 18. All orders will be promptly executed (or executed promptly) 19. The man was kept in custody 20. Are all the rooms regularly cleaned (or cleaned regularly)?

14. 1. was destroyed 2. had been bitten/was given 3. be re­spected 4. are being demolished 5. have been instructed 6. was saved 7. is expected to be declared 8. is being done 9. was being victimized 10. was evicted 11. had been  thought 12. will have been built 13. be discontinued 14. being cross-examined 15. hav­ing been threatened 16. Being tea treated 17. to have been in­formed/ had been withdrawn 18. are asked/have been given/be rectified 19. not being offered 20. having been found

16. 1. The president is called (by somebody) every day 2. The other members are being called by John 3. The documents were being delivered to the department by Martha 4. The amendment has been repealed by the other members 5. The information had been received by the delegates before the recess 6. The supplies for this class should be bought by the teacher 7. Mr Watson will be called (by somebody) tonight 8. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire 9. A new procedure was being developed by the company before the bankruptcy hearings began 10. The pa­pers will have received by John tomorrow

18. 1. The milk is brought, the letters are left 2. letters won't be brought, they'll have to be collected from 3. Things are stolen from, twenty bottles were stolen 4. this street is swept, it wasn't swept 5. This box is cleared, It was last cleared 6. A light was Burned on and the door (was) opened 7. This office is cleaned, the upstairs offices are cleaned 8. He was never seen, all his meals were taken up 9. This purse was left ... it was found by the cleaner 10. 1,000 new houses are built, last year 1,500 were built

11. Hot meals are served, coffee and sandwiches can be ordered

12. All sorts of things are left in buses. They are collected by the conductors and (are) sent 13. He was taken to hospital by ambu­lance 14. many people are killed and injured ... can't something be done 15. The warehouse is guarded by dogs. A thief who tried to get in was seen by a dog and chased 16. The police were called and the man (was) arrested 17. Tom, who had only a slight in­jury, was helped off, but Jack, who was seriously injured, was carried off 18. This dress can't be washed, it must be dry-cleaned 19. The entire block is being demolished 20. He recommends that new tyres should be fitted 21. He suggested that council tenants should be allowed 22. These calculations used to be done by men; now they are done by a computer 23. The man was tried, found guilty and sent to prison 24. The knockers of all the flats are pol­ished ... mine hasn't been polished 25. My piano is being repaired

26. Tickets shouldn't be thrown away ... they may be checked

27. Jack was invited but Tom wasn't (invited) 28. All the sand­wiches were eaten ... and all the beer (was) drunk. Nothing was left 29. has my parcel been posted 30. Why wasn't I informed of 31. The book was written by Tom Smith and published by Brown and Co 32. The car will have to be towed 33. all our copies have been sold but more have been ordered 34. Trespassers will be prosecuted 35. My car was stolen and abandoned ... The radio had been removed but no other damage had been done 36. Dogs must be kept on leads

19. 1. The letter hasn't been stamped 2. I wasn't paid for the work; I was expected to do 3. he was being moved 4. I wasn't introduced 5. I was awakened by a frightful crash 6. When this street has been widened the residents will be kept awake all night by the roar 7. The rubbish was thrown away 8. These TV sets are made by a Japanese firm 9. The town was destroyed by an earth­quake 10. This could be done much more easily by (a) machine 11. Umbrellas and sticks must be left 12. Tenants are asked not to play 13. Your clock can't be repaired 14. Articles (which have been) bought during the sale cannot be exchanged 15. Fruit has to be picked very early otherwise it can't be got to the market 16. People shouldn't be allowed to park 17. My house is being

Batched 18. The passage will be read three times 19. Dictionaries may not be used 20. This letter need not be typed 21. "13" has been crossed out and "12A" has been written 22. This man mustn't be moved; he is too ill/he is too ill to be moved. He will have to be left 23. His house was searched and stolen articles were found 24. This room hasn't been used 25. He was taken for 26. These books should have been taken back 27. The children were brought up 28. The For Sale notice has been taken down ... the house has been sold 29. His house was broken into ... a lot of his things (were) stolen 30. You have been warned 31. He was knocked down by a lorry 32. My keys were returned to me; they had been picked up 33. The books had to be given back; we were not allowed to take 34. These documents shouldn't be left ... They should be locked up 35. Coffee and biscuits were handed round 36. Other people's schemes have been tried. Why has rny scheme never been tried?

20. 1. troops have been called out 2. trains were held up by fog 3. this is to be left here. It will be called for 4. police were called in 5. children were not properly looked after 6. reinforcements are being flown in 7. men of 28 were called up 8. he was looked up to by everyone 9. he will be seen off at the airport by all the ministers 10. bed hasn't been slept in 11. more rooms can be built on 12. he was thrown out 13. different attitude will have to be adopted 14. he ought to be locked up 15. they weren't taken in by her story 16. house was broken into 17. small plastic toys are being given away 18. notice was taken down 19. smoking is frowned on 20. after a million pounds had been spent ... the scheme was given up 21. my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and was told that ... it had been parked 22. weapons must be handed in 23. he was shouted down 24. he is often taken for his brother 25. the cork hasn't been taken out 26. pool was to have been used ... it is being filled in 27. students are being turned away 28. skyscraper will have to be pulled down as the town planning regulations have not been complied with

21. 1. money was added up and found to be correct 2. I am having the bathroom tiled 3. a terrible mistake seems to have been made 4. you are supposed to make tea 5. he is known to be armed 6. he was seen to pick up 7. you are known to have been 8- he is believed to have 9. this needn't have been done 10. you

had better have it taken in 11. he likes to be called "sir" 12. this switch isn't to be/mustn't be touched 13. you will have to have/get it seen to or it will have to be seen to 14. this can't be done 15. we are being followed 16. boys used to be made to climb 17. it has to be seen to be believed 18. I am tired of being or­dered about 19. he doesn't like being laughed at 20. this watch needn't be wound/doesn't need to be wound 21. he shouldn't have been told 22. they decided that the money should be divided 23. he is believed to have been killed 24. letters are to be sent 25. she is considered to have been 26. smoking is not allowed 27. the expedition is known to have reached 28. before printing was invented everything had to be written 29. the government was urged to create/they urged that more jobs should be created 30. they suggested that the sale of alcohol should be banned

30. 1. Wine should be opened ... before it used 2. steps had been cut 3. my shoes had been cleaned and my suit brushed 4. room is used 5. nails must not be hammered 6. pigs are used 7. a light was switched on and the door opened 8. picture had been slashed 9. theatre is being pulled down 10. wasn't the roof mended 11. All the shop windows were broken 12. system was being started because books were not being returned 13. each of us was asked 14. refreshments will be served 15. bicycles must not be left 16. books may be kept ... they must be returned 17. hole had been cut 18. it is being delivered 19. he has already been told 20. bells were rung 21. noting can be done unless we are given more 22. far more is being spent on food now than was spent 23. paintings will be exhibited 24. nothing more will be said .. if the ... gun is returned 25. he was told 26. My dog was stolen and brought back only when a £20 reward was offered 27. he was given two weeks 28. flowers are made

31. 1. seals are fed 2. who was it written by? 3. compare clothes washed by us with clothes washed by any other 4 he expected to be offered 5. she was shown 6. oak was struck by lightning 7. it couldn't have been painted by T. because that kind of dress wasn't worn 8. she was stung by a jellyfish 9. special edition for ... has been written 10. herbs used to be carried by judges 11. what was it written with? It was written with 12. shot

¹ was succeeded by an uneasy silence 13. were you interested by the idea? 14. he was given details 15. dams are made by beavers 16. engines used to be started by hand, now they are started b)

electricity 17. this was opposed by most people 18. a lot of the work is being done by students 19. dock was to have been opened by the PM 20. They recommend that new factories should be opened 21. a lot of men will be made redundant by the closure

22. instructions could be understood by anyone 23. children ... will not be admitted 24. ship is to be manned by boys 25. camp was flooded by a rainstorm 26. He was kept awake all night by the howling 27. They suggested that the tests should be made 28. All this damage couldn't have been done by children

32. 1. why don't you get an oculist to test your eyes? 2. the authorities are to introduce this ... limit 3. they are lengthening the runways 4. nurses are wakening patients 5. people say that B. lived 6. British fishermen must offer any sturgeon that they catch to the Queen 7. someone has altered this notice 8. squatters have been using their houseboat 9. they were towing the ... ship 10. get a builder to put in a lift 11. The firm made a profit ... but a loss of ... which they made ... cancelled this 12. guests will wear evening dress 13. the authorities put the ship ... and forbade passengers and crew 14. we shall have to find someone 15. They made him surrender his passport 16. our oppo­nents must have started 17. the New Arts Gallery is to exhibit my paintings 18. experts have proved that this scientific theory is false 19. they are to salvage the car which the wind blew 20. police are guarding the house where they found the dead man to prevent anyone from entering it and interfering with the evi­dence 21. why didn't you either lock the car or put it 22. people are saying that the government is spending too little money

23. you could put your money to good use instead of leaving it idle 24. people believed that the earth was flat 25. no one has read this copy; no one has cut the pages 26. the police led away the student who threw the stones 27. people say that early Egyp­tian and Greek sailors used carrier pigeons 28. a strong police guard was escorting the referee

33. 1. This manuscript was discovered many years ago 2. The town is being built 3. The report was followed by a dis­cussion 4. He was promoted 5. She was dismissed owing to re­duction of staff 6. She was bored to death staying at home 7. The Play is based on historical facts 8. The third part is still being shot 9. His speech will be recorded to be broadcast 10. Your suit­case will be taken care of 11. Is the service charge included?

12. We are disconnected 13. I was caught in the rain 14. Screams of laughter were heard in the next room 15. We were told to wait 16. This article is often referred to 17. She was offered a cup of tea 18. He was shown the way to the railway station 19. She complained about being found fault with 20. He was always made fun of 21. He was given a high award 22. I was given two days to think it over 23. When will he be sent for? 24. Were you allowed to take these journals home? 25. Bad habits are got rid of

34. 1. New hospitals are built every year 2. He has not been seen for a week 3. The police reported that the killer had been arrested 4. When I returned to this town, the hospital was still being built 5. I am invited to a party 6. We were asked to come as early as possible 7. We were advised to be cautious 8. I was paid cash 9. We were told to wait 10. He was followed by two policemen 11. The merchandise was not delivered on time 12. The negotiations will not be finished next week 13. Will your article be published in tomorrow's issue? 14. Is the village located in the mountains? 15. This letter must be written today 16. The bill has to be paid before the end of the month 17. This letter ought to be sent by airmail 18. English is spoken all over the world 19. The mayor was supported by a majority of the votes 20. You have been warned 21. She knew her sister would come home late, she had been invited to a birthday party 22. The tourists would like to know who this palace had been built by 23. When we entered the house his suggestion was still being discussed 24. Don't you un­derstand the rule which has been just explained to you 25. She wanted to know if she was still being waited for 26. The girl asked if I spoke French as she wanted to know where the tickets were being sold

MODAL VERBS

1. 1. can, could, can't/couldn't 2. will be able to 3. won't be able to 4. can't ... can't or couldn't ... couldn't 5. shall/will be able to 6. will never be able to 7. couldn't, can't 8. will you be able to 9. won't be able to 10. could, couldn't 11. can, can, can't 12. can't, can't/couldn't, can't/couldn't 13. could/was able to 14. was able to 15. could/was able to, couldn't/wasn't able to 16. were able to 17. Were you able to/could you

18. couldn't/wasn't able to 19. was able to  20. were able to

21. could/was able to 22. was able to 23. was able to 24. was able to 25. could/can, could 26. could, couldn't 27. could, couldn't, can't 28. could 29. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 30. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 31. could/can, can't 32. could, could 33. could/can, couldn't/can't 34. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 35. couldn't/wasn't able to, couldn't/wasn't able to 36. could

2. 1. may 2. might 3. may/might 4. may/might 5. might

6. may 7. may 8. might 9. may 10. was allowed to 11. might 12. may 13. may/might 14. may/might, may/might 15. might

16. may 17. may 18. may 19. may/might 20. might 21. might

22. may/might    23. may/might    24. may    25. might 26. may/might 27. might/may 28. may/might 29. may 30. might 31. might 32. may/might 33. may 34. might 35. may/might 36. hasn't been allowed to

3. 1. has to 2. must 3. has to 4. have to 5. must 6. have to

7. had to 8. has to 9. had to 10. have to 11. must 12. will have to/have to 13. must 14. has to 15. must 16. have to 17. have to 18. must 19. must 20. have to 21. had to 22. must 23. have to 24. must 25. has to 26. must 27. will have to 28. must 29. had to

30. have to 31. will have to 32. had to 33. have to 34. must/will have to 35. must 36. have to

4. (Add not to each of the following verbs.} 1. need 2. must 3. must 4. need 5. must 6. must 7. need 8. must 9. need 10. need 11. need 12. must 13. need 14. must 15. must 16. need

17. must 18. must 19. need 20. need 21. must 22. must 23. need 24. must 25. must 26. must 27. need 28. need 29. need 30. need

31. need 32. must 33. need 34. must 35. must 36. need

5. (didn't have to is replaceable by didn't need to.) 1. he doesn't have/hasn't (got) to 2. did you have to 3. I don't have to 4. they will have to 5. we didn't have to 6. we didn't have to 7• you needn't come 8. I never have to 9. shan't/won't have to 10. you needn't 11. shall we have to 12. you don't have to 13. I didn't have to 14. we don't have to 15. have you got to/must Уоu/need you 16. do people have to 17. shall I have to 18. don't have to 19. we didn't have to 20. you needn't 21. we didn't have to 22. do we have to/must we 23. did you have to 24. I didn't have to 25. you won't have to 26. they didn't have to 27. do you nave to/have you got to 28. did you have to/had you to '29. didn't have to 30. shall I have to 31. do you have to/have you got to 32. I didn't' have to 33. do French children have to 34. did you have to 35. I didn't have to 36. did you have to

6. 1. must have been 2. can't/couldn't have been 3. needn't have helped 4. must have left 5. can't/couldn't have escaped 6. needn't have given 7. can't/couldn't have seen 8. must have started 9. can't have been 10. needn't have bought 11. must have been 12. must have borrowed 13. must have stolen 14. needn't have done 15. needn't have said 16. can't/couldn't have under­stood 17. can't/couldn't have done 18. must have been 19. can't/couldn't have walked 20. can't have been 21. must have been 22. can't/couldn't have had 23. needn't have watered 24. must have taken 25. can't/couldn't have been 26. can't/couldn't have watered 27. must have been 28. needn't have sent 29. needn't have made 30. must have been 31. must have been 32. can't/couldn't have seen 33. can't/couldn't have come 34. needn't have lent 35. needn't have spoken 36. must have fallen

8. 1. we shan't be able to get; 2. we shall be able to give, 3. we were able to take; 4. was able to escape; 5. were able to find; 6. I've been unable or I haven't been able; 7. to be able to show; 8. to be able to speak; 9. they'd been unable to get or they hadn't been able to get; 10. had been unable to answer

9. 1. ..., we could all make notes about the lesson 2. ..., we could go much faster 3. ..., we could visit you more often 4. I could give you more help myself if ... 5. ..., you could have kept to the main roads 6. I could have done something about it if ... 7. ..., we could stay and have coffee with you 8. We could have stayed and had coffee with them if ... 9. ..., we could fix it straight away 10. We could have fixed it there and then if ...

10. 1. She can be quite forgetful 2. Holidays abroad can be quite cheap 3. Racial harmony can be difficult to achieve 4. . , discipline could be very strict 5. He could occasionally be quite high-spirited 6. September can be a wonderful month . 7. Students ... can be very critical ... 8. One-way traffic ... can be very confusing ... 9. She can look quite pretty at times 10. English cooking can, in fact, be excellent

11. 1. You may find; 2. We might (or could) get, 3. He might (or could) change; 4. trains may be; 5. Parents may find; 6. we may find; 7. He may (or might) be able; 8. He may (or might)

485

not turn up; 9. The government's policy might (or could) prove; 10. Getting ... may (or might) not be

12. 1. We may have missed the bus 2. He might not have wanted to see us 3. They might have gone out for the evening 4. He could have broken a window 5. He may not known the answer 6. They could have guessed what we intended to do 7. He may already have known about it 8. They may have lost their way 9. They may have gone away for a time 10. She could have forgotten your address 11. He may not have had the time 12. He might have changed his mind about it

13. 1. The manager told me I might leave ... if I wanted to 2. His interviewer told him be could put off ... 3. The Customs officer asked if he could see ... 4. The teacher asked the student if he might ask him ... 5. I told my friend he could ... provided he took ... 6. The police inspector asked his colleague if he might see ... he was holding 7. The notice stated that cars might be parked ... 8. The chairman asked the speaker politely if he might inter­rupt him ... 9. He asked his friend if he might join him 10. The notice stated that visitors might not take photographs ...

14. 1. The restaurant may be expensive, but ... 2. The method may be crude, but ... 3. He may be badly paid, but ... 4. The book may be long, but ... 5. He may be old, but ... 6. The climb may have been exhausting, but ... 7. I may have been rude to him, but ... 8. He may have acted unwisely, but ... 9. His work may have improved, but ... 10. Old-age pensions may have risen considerably, but ...

15. 1. You might let me know ... 2. He might be ... 3. You might perhaps ask him ... 4. You might post this letter ... 5. You might have warned me ... 6. You might have apologized ... 7. He might have tried ... 8. She might keep ...

16. 1. The Conservatives should win ... 2. There should be a lot ... 3. ... says it should be fine ... 4. Our visitors should have arrived ... 5. It shouldn't be too difficult ... 6. The meeting ought to have finished ... 7. The organizers of the games should be meeting ... 8. It shouldn't have taken us so long ... 9. ... regula­tions shouldn't affect ... 10. We should be able to move ...

17. 1. ... be very much in love with him 2. ... left it in my other jacket 3. ... be rolling in money 4. ... been taken in by his charming manner 5. ... read it very carefully 6. ... be crazy 7. ... received it 8. ... be getting any better 9. ... had a quarrel about

something or other 10. ... forgotten all about it 11. ... be much later ... 12. got to know him very well

18. 1. They will sit ... 2. He will often buy things and then leave ... 3. My wife will leave things ... 4. ..., the water pipes would freeze ..., and we would have to call in ... 5. ... he would interrupt ... 6. ... he would insist ... 7. Why will you be so diffi­cult? 8. ..., everyone would listen ... 9. You will go out ... 10. ., people would go to church ...

19. 1. will do 2. will hold 3. won't work 4. won't fit 5. will seat 6. will reach 7. will suit 8. will bear

20. 1. "I can manage ..., but I shall need ..." 2. "If the price ... increases, we shall be obliged to raise ..." 3. "I shall have more to say about this problem later." 4. "I shall be writing to you ... to let you know ..." 5. "I shall be working ... this evening." 6 "Do you think we shall need to take ...?" 7. "I shan't be sorry to see ..." 8. "I assume I shall be given ..." 9. "We shall never get there, at the rate we're going." 10. "We shall be making ... to­morrow morning,..."

21. 1. belief; 2. characteristic behaviour;   3. request, 4. agreement; 5. prediction/inherent capacity; 6. com­mand/instruction; 7. prediction; 8. characteristic behaviour; 9. prediction; 10. promise; 11. belief; 12. inherent capacity

22. 1. He should cut down on bread and potatoes 2. You should get up earlier 3. We'd better take our seats 4. He shouldn't have been driving so fast 5. I'd better inform the police 6. We'd better get a builder to look at it tomorrow 7. You ought to have stayed in a hotel 8. She shouldn't have lain in the sun so long 9. You'd better start learning some Spanish 10. You'd better think about buying a new one 11. You ought to see a doctor 12. We should have bought more in the first place 13. He ought to change his job instead of complaining 14. You should have taken umbrella with you 15. We'd better ask someone the way 16. You'd better not take the car 17. You'd better get it renewed 18. You should buy yourself an alarm clock 19. I'd better see who it is 20. You'd better phone a plumber

23. 1. factory inspectors recommended that new safety rules should be introduced 2. The judge ordered that the court should adjourn for lunch 3. The Speaker ruled that the MP should with­draw his remark 4. The Colonel decided that his troops should attack at dawn 5. The leader of the expedition proposed that they should make ... held 6. Teachers advocated that more nursery schools should be set up 7. The magistrate directed that the man should be released 8. The police gave instructions that members of the public should not approach the two men but should report to the nearest police station 9. Shareholders demanded that the Board should give more detailed information about profits 10. The employers urged that the men should return to work so that ne­gotiations could begin

24. 1. ... table so that I should be sure... 2. ... undertones so that the teacher shouldn't overhear ... 3. ... warning in order that the public should be ... 4. ... umbrella in case it should rain 5. ... bank lest the house should be burgled 6. Lest you should think I'm ... truth, I have bright ... 7. ... university so that he should have ... 8. ... here so that you should have ... 9. ... hall so that everyone should have ... 10. ... number in case you should want ...

25. 1. It's natural that you should be upset ... 2. It's incredi­ble that we should have been living ... 3. It's a pity that you should have missed ... 4. It's curious that he should have asked ... 5. It's typical of him that he should expect ... 6. It's odd that they should be getting married, ... 7. It's crazy that you should have to ... 8. It is essential that you should look over ... 9. It is important that you should read ... 10. It's splendid that you should be com­ing . . 11. It's interesting that you should have bought ... 12. It is vital that emergency supplies should reach ...

26. 1. must 2. must 3. must 4. have to 5. had to 6. must 7. must 8. must 9. have to 10. have to 11. must 12. having to or to have to 13. will probably have to 14. must/must 15. must or has to/must or has to 16. have had to 17. mustn't 18. had to 19. must 20. have to

27. 1. ... we must hurry, or we'd be late 2. ... application forms must be returned to the office ... 3. ... he must visit us ... 4. he could never remember ... . He always had to ... 5. ... the car had broken down, and we had to have it ... 6. ... the situation had now become intolerable, and that something must be done ... 7. ... I realized how difficult ... was, but he must try ... get him down 8. ... visas ... must be obtained ... 9. ... I was sorry to have to tell him that, but he left me ... 10. ... it wasn't fair. He always had to do ... 11. ... I really must try ... 12. ... no one liked having (or to have) to work ... 13. ... whichever party ... would probably have to reintroduce ... 14. ... candidates must write ... and must

write ... 15. the verdict... must (or has to or had to) be unani­mous; if ..., the case must (or has to or had to) be retried 16. ... the crowd had dispersed peaceably. If ... hadn't, the police might have had to ... 17. ... we mustn't make ... or he wouldn't take ... 18. ... had suddenly taken ..., and she had had to call 19. ...problem cropped up again, he must report ... 20. ... it was to have to make

28. 1. We needn't (or don't need to) leave 2. You don't have to come 3. we need (or need to) take 4. you needn't (or don't need to) decide 5. you don't have to go 6. you don't have to take 7. we shan't have to rush 8. I wouldn't need to keep 9. he's never had to earn 10. you don't have to do/do you 11. I need hardly say 12. You needn't have told 13. this needn't make 14. he had never had to deal 15. we didn't need to do 16. he didn't even have to have 17. you needn't have made 18. he need never dis­cover 19. you needn't (or don't need to) be alarmed 20. I need have gone

29. (should used for obligation is replaced by ought to. may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could) 1. must have worked/been working 2. needn't have translated 3. may/might have forgotten,   should have telephoned 4 may/might have got lost, should have given, may/might have had, wouldn't/couldn't have delayed 5. may/might have stopped and got, may/might have run 6. shouldn't have fed 7. must have been 8. should have gone 9. couldn't have been attacked, must have seen ... and thought 10. must have waited/been waiting (could/may/might could replace must.} 11. may/might have fallen ... and been eaten ... or been kidnapped ... or caught ... and died 12. were to have started 13. needn't have walked, could have come 14. must have been stolen, may/might have driven 15. couldn't have got, must have drunk 16. shouldn't have been riding 17. may/might have taken, may/might have been 18. might/should have told, could have got 19. would have won 20. needn't have written 21. were to have bui't

22. wouldn't/shouldn't have noticed, would/might have spread

23. should/might /could have waited 24. may/might have come, couldn't/can't have come, may/might have come 25. needn't have done 26. should have been 27. needn't have cooked 28. would/should have brought, wouldn't/shouldn't have come 29. shouldn't have thrown, might/could have killed 30. could have painted, could have painted 31. may/might have dropped, may/might have been 32. could have been started, could have been 33. must have carried, couldn't have done, would have been, must have waited 34. needn't have done

35. couldn't/can't have been, must have been walking

36. Couldn't it have been, must have been

30. (See notes to Exercise 29 above.) 1. wouldn't/shouldn't have had 2. should have asked 3. should have been 4. may/might have gone; would have told 5. may/might have kept; wouldn't have kept 6. may/might have gone; may/might have been; would have rung; couldn't have rung 7. must have had; would have been 8. couldn't have bought 9. should have waited 10. couldn't have carried; must have helped 11. couldn't have been; must have been 12. must have crashed; would have re­ported 13. may/might have blown up; may/might have planted, may/might have had 14. may/might have tried; may/might have been 15. may/might have gone, may/might have been; couldn't have been 16. may/might have collapsed; would have taken over 17. shouldn't have done, should have said 18. must have been 19. needn't have done; should have told; shouldn't/wouldn't have wasted , 20. could have passed; should/could have worked 21. couldn't possibly have opened; couldn't have got 22. must have let; must have followed ... slipped 23. needn't have bought 24. must have drugged ... dumped; might/would have been run; may/might have been 25. must have bribed; may/might have followed; couldn't have done; would/should have seen 26. needn't have stamped 27. couldn't have done; must have given 28. must have been 29. could have taken; may/might have been; may/might have hopped in ... snatched 30. should have told; would/could have lent 31. needn't have taken; could have walked 32. must have been watching/must have watched 33. needn't have rung/shouldn't have rung; could have dialled/should have dialled 34. must have had 35. could have had/might have had; couldn't have had 36. could have married; must have loved; must have been

31. (may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could. In 1, 7, 10, 20, 23 should is replaced by ought to.) 1. should have been 2. may/might have written, couldn't have written must have fallen 4. may/might have liked 5. must have been

6. needn't have sent 7. might/should have left 8. may/might have been 9. can't/couldn't have been, may/might have been 10. shouldn't have gone 11. may/might have been 12. were to have been 13. should/would have been 14. needn't have carried 15. may/might have been 16. can't/couldn't have been, must have been 17. must have been 18. was to have been 19. would have reached 20. could/should have crossed 21. should have brought 22. may/might have been 23. must have been 24. can't/couldn't have been, must have been 25. may/might not have heard 26. could have put you up 27. would have fallen 28. should have checked 29. needn't have apologized 30. may/might not have realized 31. might/should have thanked 32. was to have gone

32. 1. should have had 2. must have been 3. must have dam­aged 4. should not have parked 5. must have studied 6. should have studied 7. must have been 8. should have deposited 9. must have forgotten 10. must not have studied

33. 1. I would 2. would have gone 3. may have had 4. should have done 5. must have forgotten 6. may have slept 7. might have had 8. could have lost 9. shouldn't have driven 10. may have run

49. 1. Don't worry. They won't be late. They might be going here and will be here in some minutes 2. When are we to be at the railway station? At 9.00 but you needn't hurry. The train is leaving at 9.30 3. She must have failed to recognize us 4. Can you be still working at this translation? The article is very simple 5. They can't have moved to a new flat 6. The book must be a great success with the readers 7. His speech must have pro­duced a great impression on the audience 8. You must have been informed that the train would be late 9. She should have phoned to her mother to warn her that she might fail to come

50. 1. I can hardly go away and leave you alone 2. What is done cannot be undone 3. She can't have done it! 4. I could come earlier if necessary 5. He may have forgotten his promise 6. You may stay if you choose to 7. You might have brought the book in time 8. You simply must see the exhibition 9. He must be there now 10. This book is a must 11. Shall I get you some more tea' 12. The fine should not be more $20 13. I would not do it for any­thing 14. You ought to do your duty 15. He ought to have been a doctor 16. Don't you dare touch him 17. As I was to be there at

5. sharp I had to take a taxi 18. They are unlikely to come 19. It might be true 20. Could he have meant it?

51. 1. She may have lost her bag 2. Could you tell me the time, please 3. How old may she be? 4. You may not smoke here 5. I have to get up early 6. You might have offered your help when he got into trouble 7. We must obey the laws 8. You shall pay for this! 9. I would rather stay home 10. You needn't do it, if you don't want to 11. How dare you say such things! 12. You wouldn't know him 13. You ought to have known it 14. That should suit you 15. Shall I wait for you? 16. He must have made a mistake 17. He cannot be a day over forty 18. He could have done it; nobody knows 19. He may have lost his way 20. He could cry for shame

CONDITIONALS

1. 1. If those shoes in the windows fit me I shall buy them

2. If you drop that vase my wife will murder you! 3. If it's fine tomorrow we can have a picnic somewhere 4. If I change my job I'll try to get something more interesting 5. If we are late for the theatre we may not be able to get seats 6. If you lose my library book I shall have to pay for it 7. If you meet some friends of mine in London introduce yourself to them 8. If he passes his exam he'll go on to university 9. If I get a rise next year we'll think of buying a house

5. 1. If you give/he'll work 2. If you take/won't be 3. don't remember/she'll be 4. If you send/she'll forgive 5. don't put on/you'll get 6. don't tell I'll never trust 7. If you just say/we can forget 8. If you are not firm/they'll misbehave 9. don't prac­tise/you'll never become

6. 1. ... we leave immediately 2. ... I'll tell him what you said

3. ... you will support it with evidence 4. ... I shall buy a new car next month 5. ... they can't reach an agreement 6. ... you can assume I'm not coming 7. ... you will be ready to take the exami­nation next term 8. I will let you into the secret ... 9. ... it is really impossible for you to work it out yourself 10 ... he never discovers the truth? 11. ... we can give up the idea completely 12 . . and I'll find a solution.

7. 1. will give 2. stand 3. eats 4. will telephone 5. will arrest 6. reads 7. will steal 8. doesn't open 9. washes 10. needs 11. don't go 12. makes 13. is 14. hears 15. will make 16. will bury 17. won't be 18. doesn't start 19. won't let or don't let (habit) 20. goes 21. sells 22. will you repay 23. rises 24. works 25. turns/will turn 26. burns 27. don't like 28. will have 29. see 30. will you promise 31. don't believe 32. likes 33. will make 34. shan't/won't be able 35. knows 36. ring

8. 1. find, will give 2. smoke, will/may object 3. put, will crack 4. see 5. wins, will get, comes, will get 6. feel 7. wants, will have 8. have finished 9. stands, will capsize 10. isn't working, will have 11. doesn't go 12. hear 13. will get 14. leaves, will be 15. freezes, will be 16. don't take, will have 17. takes, will have 18. don't feel/aren't feeling 19. brakes, will/may skid 20. like, will get 21. would like 22. growls 23. isn't working 24. don't know 25. refuses 26. won't/doesn't help 27. are going 28. do you employ 29. will be 30. hate, don't you change 31. don't want 32. hear 33. will see 34. rings/should ring 35. reach/should reach 36. would care, will send

9. Part 1. Drill ("What'll happen if ..." is normally replace­able by "What'll you do if" and vice versa. These are possible answers only.) 1. What'll you do if he doesn't pay you tonight? 2. What'll you do if you don't get a permit? 3. What'll you do if you don't pass? 4. What'll you do if he refuses? 5. What'll happen if he chooses Smith? 6. What'll you do if you can't find a cheap room? 7. What'll happen if it doesn't open? 8. What'll happen if I forget it? 9. What'll happen if they don't believe me? 10. What'll you call it if it's a boy? 11. What'll happen if we don't get a lift 12. What'll happen if it isn't clear of fog? 13. What'll hap­pen/How long will it take if he doesn't help us? 14. What'll hap­pen if he isn't at home?/What'll we do if ...? 15. What'll we do if the ice isn't thick enough? 16. What'll happen/What happens if you walk on them when the tide is coming in? 17. What'll we do if it's wet? 18. What'll we do if we (do) another puncture?

Part 2. 1. If you like I can get 2. If you like I'll ask 3. If you like I'll bring the photographs 4. If you like I'll give 5. If you like you can watch 6. If you like I'll arrange a helicopter trip 7. If you like I'll knit you one 8. If you like you can borrow 9. If you like I'll come 10. If you like I'll ask Ann 11. If you like I'll get you an application form 12. If you like I'll go with you 13. If you like I'll

paint 14. If you like you can leave 15. If you like we'll postpone 16. If you like I'll ask him 17. If you like I'll arrange for you to meet the President 18. If you like we'll go sailing

10. (First person would is normally replaceable by should except in sentences 8, 9, 22.) 1. gave, would sell 2. woke, would have 3. went, would pine 4. went, would lose 5. said, would you do 6. worked, would finish 7. would happen, blew 8. saw, would climb; would not be, would climb 9. came, would call 10. threw, would have 11. asked, would he say 12. would be; would probably start 13. rang, would be 14. saw, would assume 15. would have, were/was 16. rushed, would get 17. bought, would lose 18. had, would bring 19. did, would not be 20. were/was, would still be 21. were/was, wouldn't be staying/wouldn't stay 22. had, would drink 23. drank, would soon get 24. were/was, would not be playing 25. would you go, did 26. kept, would not be run­ning/would not run 27. was/were, would not be sitting 28. heard, didn't you answer 29. typed, would be 30. had 31. had, would now be sitting 32. would be, would kindly sign 33. stopped, would all fly 34. would still be 35. was, didn't you change 36. won, would be writing/would write

11. (The following are possible answers but not the only possible answers.) 1. If she wasn't/weren't so shy she would enjoy 2. If he took more exercise he would be healthier 3. If I had the right change we could 4. If they spoke English to her, her English would/might improve 5. If he worked overtime he would

6. If my number was/were in the directory people would ring

7. If the police were armed we would/might have gun battles

8. If the shops delivered, life would be easier/less difficult 9. If he wasn't/weren't so thin he mightn't feel/If he was/were fatter, etc. 10. If we had matches we could light 11. If we had a steak we could cook it 12. If I wasn't/weren't so fat I could/would be able to 13. If I asked him he might help 14. If I could drive we could/would be able to take the car 15. If we had a ladder we could 16. If I were you I should/would sell it 17. If I had more time I'd read more 18. If they cleaned the windows the rooms

would look brighter 19. If he polished his shoes he'd look smarter 20. If he paid his staff properly they might work better 21. If we central heating the house would be warmer 22. If I had a dog wouldn't mind being alone 23. If he didn't spend hours watching television he would have time 24. If I had a vacuum cleaner I'd be

quicker 25. If I knew his address I could write 26. If he shaved he'd look more attractive 27. If you worked more slowly you wouldn't make 28. If I could park near my office I'd come by car 29. If I lived nearer the centre I wouldn't always be late 30. If \ had a map I could direct 31. If people drove more slowly there wouldn't be 32. If English people spoke more slowly I might/might be able to understand 33. If my house wasn't/weren't guarded by two Alsatian dogs it would be broken into 34. If the flats were clearly numbered it would be easier to find people 35. If you wiped your feet you wouldn't make muddy marks 36. If I didn't live near my office I'd spend a lot of time

12. 1. would type 2. knew 3. would look 4. played 5. wouldn't make 6. were 7. had 8. would you visit 9. gave 10. would buy 11. cleaned 12. would you be able 13. didn't belong 14. won 15. would you do 16. knew 17. gave 18. stopped 19. wouldn't come 20. saw 21. would/should be 22. would not be bitten 23. had 24. did 25. would grow 26. removed 27. would keep 28. lived 29. banned/were to ban 30. would offer 31. got 32. painted 33. changed 34. would you spend 35. had 36. wasn't

22. I ... would take a different view ... 2. ... you'd probably earn a lot more money elsewhere 3. ... he'd soon tell you whether it was serious or not 4. ... we'd certainly need to buy ourselves a car 5. ... we'd show them round 6. ... they'd change them for you 7. ... you'd begin to appreciate what the writer is trying to say

23. 1. If she loved him she would marry him 2. If our teacher didn't explain things clearly we wouldn't understand his lessons 3. If I had a watch I could tell you the time 4. If I didn't know the meaning of the word I would have to look it up 5. If this exercise were difficult not everyone would get the correct answers

24. 1. What would you do about the problem ... 2. If I were earning a good salary ... 3. ... a stranger asked you how old you were 4. ..., you'd uderstand what the writer is trying to say 5. .. I didn't have to? 6. ... I could afford it 7. ... what could he do about it? 8. ... his friends might be more sympathetic 9. ... said exactly what you think 10. ... we asked yet another person's opinion.

25. 1. had given/could have telephoned 2. hadn't been/wouldn't have come out 3. had packed/wouldn't have got damaged 4. would have remembered/had been paying 5. had been able/would have passed

26. 1. had passed/would have gone to university 2. had got there/we wouldn't have found the doors locked in our faces

3. had read/she would have understood what I meant 4. hadn't understood/we would have asked him to Explain again

27. 1. would have passed/if he had taken a little more care 2. would have got/if we had left just 15 minutes earlier 3. would have read/if she had been able to get a copy 4. wouldn't have understood/if he hadn't explained it clearly

28. 1. If I were you, I'd take ... 2. If he hadn't had his wife's

... 3. If it hadn't been for his ... 4. If one considers ... 5. If you ' don't (or didn't) have ... 6. ... if we discussed ... 7. As long as you follow ... 8. If we had given up ...

36. (should in the following answers may be replaced by would; contractions may be used in the affirmative and nega­tive.) 1. should have visited 2. would have won 3. had arrived

4. had been 5. should have been 6. had not seen 7. would have fallen 8. would you have accepted 9. had had 10. had known

11. should have offered 12. would not have stung 13. had realized 14. should have stopped 15. should have reached 16. should not have lent 17. had not sneezed 18. had put 19. would not have got 20. would not have tried 21. had spoken 22. would not have been 23. had known 24. had tried 25. would not have got 26. would not have put 27. had been 28. would have come 29. wouldn't have turned 30. had looked 31. would have been captured 32. had tried 33. should  have taken 34. would have saved 35. had not called 36. would not have burnt

37. (Sometimes would below is replaced by might or could.} 1. had not taken, wouldn't have got 2. had paid, wouldn't have been 3. had told, would have cooked 4. had had, would have been 5. had known, would have lent 6. hadn't had, would have fallen 7. had realized, wouldn't have accepted 8. hadn't taken 9. had been lit 10. hadn't rung 11. had waited, would have seen

12. wouldn't have been, hadn't knocked 13. had patented, would have made 14. had had, would have been 15. had told, would have agreed 16. had been, would have been able 17. had been, would have been launched 18. had known, wouldn't have thrown

19. had known, would have brought;   would have enjoyed

20. would have attended 21. would have refused, had offered 22. wouldn't have known, hadn't told 23. had read, would have refused 24. had been playing, would certainly have heard

25. would you have done 26. hadn't rained, would have been 27. had been waiting 28. had used, would have lit 29. hadn't been wearing, should/would have recognized 30. had known, would have backed 31. had been, would have phoned 32. had turned 33. had played, would have had 34. had booked, would have had 35. had been, would not have been 36. had held, would not have been

38. (These are possible answers but not the only possible answers.) 1. If I had seen the signal I would have stopped 2. If I'd known your number I would have rung 3. If she had known you were in hospital she would have visited 4. If there had been taxis we would have taken one 5. If she hadn't been so shy she might have spoken 6. If she hadn't threatened to set fire to her flat I wouldn't have asked 7. If we'd had time we'd have visited 8. If the lift had been working I wouldn't have come up the stairs 9. If we had listened carefully we mightn't have made 10. If we hadn't got a lift we shouldn't/wouldn't have reached 11. If you hadn't washed it in boiling water it wouldn't have shrunk 12. If we hadn't been using an out-of date timetable we shouldn't/wouldn't have missed 13. If his own men hadn't deserted him he wouldn't have failed 14. If they hadn't been driving so quickly the accident wouldn't' have been 15. If it hadn't been raining I would have taken 16. If I'd known that in summer etc. I wouldn't have bought 17. If Tom's father hadn't been on the Board he wouldn't have got 18. If he'd been looking where he was going he wouldn't have been run over 19. If I'd been brought up in the country I might like country life 20. If I'd known he was so quarrelsome I wouldn't/shouldn't have invited him 21. If it hadn't rained all the time he might have enjoyed his visit 22. If I'd worked hard at school I would/should/might have got a good job 23. If they hadn't used closed-circuit television they wouldn't/mightn't have spotted 24. If he'd been wearing a shirt they wouldn't have asked him to leave 25. If the streets had been clearly marked it wouldn't have taken us so long 26. If we'd had enough money we would/should have gone by air 27. If you'd put your hand up the bus would have stopped 28. If he hadn't turned up looking so disreputable they would have given him 29. If I'd known how thin the ice was I wouldn't/shouldn't have been walking 30. If he had taken the fight seriously from the beginning he might have won 31. If they hadn't paid the ransom at once they wouldn't have got

32. If he had read the passage more slowly the candidates would have understood 33. If they'd been wearing life-jackets they mightn't have been drowned 34. If his wife had encouraged him he might have got 35. If the exit doors hadn't been blocked peo­ple would have been able to escape/could have escaped 36. They would have walked further if they hadn't been hampered by or But for the thick dust they would have walked further

39. (First person would is normally replaceable by should.) 1. stays, will be/should be 2. didn't know, wouldn't/couldn't understand 3. hadn't got, would/might have come; wouldn't have been 4. knew, did you take 5. were not

6. had not been, would not have cheered 7. had not cheered, would not have run 8. had not run, would not have crashed, would not have been 9. returns/should return 10. why don't you sell/why not sell; had, would sell 11. didn't know, did you offer; would refuse 12. leaves, will/may steal 13. wore, would see

14. hadn't loved, would not have waited 15. had looked, would have been 16. start, will the village people resist 17. would you like 18. won't be able; can't, can't 19. would have been, had be­come 20. had gone, would be 21. had, would make 22. had known, would have brought 23. bathed, would be 24. stood, would all see, would be 25. were, would get 26. do, please re­mind/would you please remind 27. would have realized 28. had admitted, would not have been 29. had, would grow; would be 30. had known, would have stayed 31. had, would make 32. had told, would/could have gone 33. spend, won't have 34. hadn't been, mightn't have been 35. had, would get 36. would happen, had; would play, (would) miss, would fail, (would) have; would not feed, would get; would catch, (would) die, would have, would keep

48. 1. understood or could understand 2. would not have been 3. will give 4. would have told 5. would have been 6. had

7. would stop 8. needed 9. would have found 10. enjoyed 11. paint 12. were 13. writes 14. would permit or had permitted

15. could spend 16. will accept 17. buys 18. had decided 19. would have written 20. will leak or may leak 21. had studied 22. hears 23. see 24. gets 25. turn 26. were 27. would have called 28. would have talked 29. explained 30. spoke

49. 1. hadn't failed/wouldn't be taking 2. had  remem­bered/we could open 3. hadn't missed/wouldn't be waiting

4. there hadn't been/wouldn't be able 5. had taken/you wouldn't be

50. 1. ... there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people

there 2. It would have been a wonderful day for sailing...... 3. .

I had asked you last week? 4. ... you wouldn't have got into such difficulties 5. ... I'd have thought it over much more carefully 6. . he would never have got the job 7. ... it might have avoided a lot of unpleasantness 8. ... you had known how desperately he needed it 9. ... we had followed your plan rather than mine? 10. ... the damage wouldn't have been nearly so extensive 11. ... she had known him better

51. 1. If only you had acted sensibly ... 2. If my bank man­ager calls ... 3. ... he expects us to believe him ... 4. ... you're not feeling very well? 5. How on earth did you find me ...? 6. If any­thing goes wrong tomorrow ... 7. ... why didn't you write it down? 8. When would we be likely to arrive ...? 9. ... I didn't have to get up and go to work this morning 10. ... were able to write your letters in English

52. (In the affirmative and negative shall and should can be replaced by will and would respectively; and contractions may be used. Should in sentences 1, 7, 11 however does not change.) 1. find/should find 2. shall have 3. will happen 4. had had 5. will you stay 6. would you choose 7. gets/should get 8. comes 9. will sit 10. didn't talk 11. shall/should I do 12. had read 13. had 14. shall go 15. would you do 16. run 17. will not be

18. comes 19. would not have 20. had worn 21. leaves 22. will fall 23. don't change 24. should not have bought 25. hung 26. would be able to/could 27. should have brought 28. would have been 29. would not have printed 30. should not buy 31. want 32. won't be 33. would jump 34. would answer 35. had made 36. had known

54. 1. could I speak 2. speaking 3. could you come and do 4. couldn't 5. could come 6. could you come 7. could get, would 8. wouldn't, would, leave 9. thought you said 10. could get couldn't make 11. having, doesn't like 12. is always trying, cleaning, thinks/says 13. does she want/would she like you to do 14 would like/wants me to work 15. says/thinks it would be 16. worked, would know 17. are you really thinking 18. like, like

19. would get 20. would Wednesday suit 21. would, to come 22. will, let 23. will, won't 24. will, do

58. 1. I wish I could ... 2. I wish I had ... 3. She wishes her parents approved ... 4. I wish I were ... 5. I wish you liked

59. 1. I wish I were rich 2. I wish you'd hurry up 3. It's time we were leaving 4. I wish I knew his opinion 5. I'd rather you kept it a secret ... 6. I wish you weren't going ... 7. I'd rather you didn't smoke ... 8. It's time he found ... 9. My parents would rather we lived ... 10. It's high time the weather improved 11 I wish you'd stop making ...

60. 1. I wouldn't take in this problem unless it grew in im­portance 2. We'll stay in the bar while she is shopping 3. Unless you drive carefully you will have an accident 4. I wouldn't drink this water, if I were you 5. We could buy a TV this year, if you were better paid 6. If he weren't so absent-minded, he wouldn't have taken you for his sister 7. Alice wouldn't have bought the books if she didn't love me 8. If you had taken medicine you would be well now 9. Auntie, I wish I hadn't done it 10. She wished she were free and could go with him 11. We wouldn't have gone to the restaurant if we had known the prices 12. On condition you ate less, you would not get so fat

61. 1. If you come over to my place, I'll show you my shots 2. Mike and his friends would have gone to see the races, if it hadn't rained 3. Your dress would look better as soon as you changed the buttons 4. The cake would have burnt if I hadn't gone to the kitchen 5. She would have called a doctor if she had had a fever 6. He won't come unless his wife gets better 7. If I got rich, I would buy a fur coat 8. Cathy would look more attractive, if she dressed better 9. The dog will bark, if you knock at the door 10. If Helen knew the address, she would have come by now 11. I'll send him a cable, if he doesn't come tomorrow 12. The fire wouldn't have gone out, if we had put more logs in it

62. 1. If the theatre were not so far we could walk there 2. If I were you I should always speak English 3. If she did not love him she would not have gone with him to the North after graduating from the Institute 4. If it had not been for you, I should have never done this work in time 5. If you hadn't been in a hurry you wouldn't have left this book then 6. You ought to have told him the

'' truth. You would have no troubles 7. If we didn't know each other, he would not have invited us to the party 8. If it were raining now I should stay at home 9. If you had written out your mistakes you wouldn't have made them yesterday 10. You wouldn't have missed the train if you had taken a taxi

63. 1. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we'll go to the beach 2. If I see Ann, I will ask her to call you 3. I'll drop i_n later if something new comes up 4. If people drove more care­fully, there would be fewer accidents 5. If you went to bed ear­lier, you would not feel so tired 6. If I had enough time, I would fly to San Francisco 7. If I knew her well, I would call her at home 8. If I had $50,000, I could travel around the world 9. If Boris knew English better, he could get a good job 10. If Boris knew English better, he would get a good job 11. If I were you, I would study computer science 12. If the Smiths had invited me, I would have gone to yesterday's party 13. If I had known your address, I would have written to you 14. If I had got a pay rise, I would not look for another job 15. If it had not rained last night, we would have visited our friends 16. If I had had a car last summer, I would have gone to the beach every Sunday 17. If George had come on time, he could have helped me 18. If you had known it was going to rain, you should have taken an umbrella with you 19. If you had not called Jim, everything would be OK now 20. If I were there, I would help him

21. Were I there, I would help him

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