Task 2. Discuss the above mentioned tips in small groups. Comment on how you understand each of the practical recommendations.

Module 4

 

Presentations

Warm-up

Task 1. To start a presentation follow the advice:

ü Introduce yourself.

My name’s Katherine Beckett  and I work for Allianz Life. My talk is called “Consultancy skills in the 21st century”

ü Outline what you’re going to talk about: describe the different sections of your talk.

u oVgYDV1KQyFlbDr0Js7CgMTeZxi9SXyOrbSjOXG57+WtUnfSG0f8oTMDPnbYfO0PXkPzY543ym5z l3+82OSedvVui1pfX00P9yASTukchr/5PB0q3lSHA9koeg2LbMEsiY2METiwXM5zEDULajUHWZXy P0L1CwAA//8DAFBLAQItABQABgAIAAAAIQC2gziS/gAAAOEBAAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABb Q29udGVudF9UeXBlc10ueG1sUEsBAi0AFAAGAAgAAAAhADj9If/WAAAAlAEAAAsAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAALwEAAF9yZWxzLy5yZWxzUEsBAi0AFAAGAAgAAAAhAMQbPYSnAgAADQUAAA4AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAALgIAAGRycy9lMm9Eb2MueG1sUEsBAi0AFAAGAAgAAAAhAPXprQLfAAAACgEAAA8AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAQUAAGRycy9kb3ducmV2LnhtbFBLBQYAAAAABAAEAPMAAAANBgAAAAA= " adj="-6194,2753">

There are a few main areas in computer testing I want to talk about today

 

ü

If you have any questions, I’ll be very happy to answer them at the end of the session.

Say whether people should ask questions during the talk, or at the end.

 

Do’s and don’ts:

a Start on time. Don’t wait for latecomers b Plan how long you’re going to spend on each point and keep to these timings. c Don’t labour a particular point (spend too long on something)     d Don’t digress (talk about things that have nothing to do with the subject), unless you have a particular purpose in mind.   e Finish on time. Don’t run over. It looks bad if you don’t have time to finish all your points and answer questions.

Task 4. Read an example of presentation talk. Match the equivalents (a-h) of the words in bold type (1-8). Make a list of new words.

 “OK. 1) To begin, let’s look at the first type of skills that consultants need: technical skills. 2) Of course, related to technical skills is a good general knowledge of management subjects…But 3) I’m digressing: let’s get back to the technical skills themselves…4) That’s all I have time for on technical skills. Let’s move on to the second area: interpersonal skills. 5) As you can see on this transparency, there are two key areas. 6) In relation to interpersonal skills I think… 7) That covers everything on interpersonal skills. 8) Time is moving on, so let’s turn to the third area: people management issues.”

a. По відношенню (відносно)

b. Звичайно

c. Для початку, давайте поглянемо на

d. Я відхожу від сути, давайте повернемся до…

e. Як Ви бачите

f. Це все, що я встигаю сказати о…

g. Вищесказанноє покриває усі аспекти…

h. Час іде, тому давайте перейдемо до…

THE INTRODUCTION

In any presentation the beginning is crucial. Certainly some things are essential in an introduction and others are useful.

Good morning / afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I plan to say a few words about ... I’m going to talk about ... The subject of my talk is ... The theme of my presentation is ... I’d like to give you an overview of ... I’ve divided my talk into (three) parts. First ... Second ... Third ... In the first part ... Then in the second part ... Finally ... My talk will take about ten minutes. The presentation will take about two hours ... but there’ll be a twenty minute break in the middle. We’ll stop for lunch at 12 o’clock. Please interrupt if you have any questions. After my talk there’ll be time for a discussion and any questions.

Exercise 1 . a) Read the beginning of a presentation on the marketing plans for a new telecommunications system produced by Telco and answer two questions.

a) Is it a good introduction?

b) Why? Why not?

Thank you for coming today. As you

PHOTOCOPIABLE

know, I want to talk about the marketing plans. Brand identity is a key issue and what it means is how we are seen by our customers and how our products are recognised and what our consumers think of us as a company. And I should also say, what they think of our products and the name ... what Telco means for them. And advertising is part of it of course, though not something I am going to talk about now except to say that as for brand image, it’s important in that area too.

b) Read the introduction to a presentation about plans to develop a new production plant in India. Think about these points:

a) Is it a good introduction?

b) Why? Why not?

Okay, thanks. I’m here to talk about the design proposals for the production plant in Mumbai. My talk will be in three parts followed by a 30-minute discussion. I’m going to start with the background to each proposal – something about our negotiations with the Indian government – then in the second part I’ll go over the main characteristics of each proposal, Proposal One and Proposal Two. Then in the third part I’ll highlight some key considerations we have to bear in mind. Finally, I’ll end with an invitation to ask questions or make any comments you like. We’ll discuss matters arising from the talk ... Okay? So to begin with, a few words on the history.

THE MAIN BODY.

Now let’s move to the first part of my talk, which is about ... So, first ... To begin with ... There are three things to consider. First ...Second ... Third ... We can see four advantages and two disadvantages. First, advantages. One is ... Another is … Finally ... On the other hand, the two disadvantages. First ... That completes / concludes ... That’s all (I want to say for now) ... Let’s move to (the next part which is) ... So now we come to ... Now I want to describe ... There are two steps involved. The first step is ... At the beginning, later, then, finally ... First the background, then the present situation, and then the prospects for the future.

Example 1

So, I’ve described how the system works. Now, any questions?

Example 2

I think that covers the main points I wanted to tell you about ... thank you for letting me talk about the Storo System. So ... now ... I’d like to invite you to tell me about the needs that you have ... to suggest any specific qualities you need in a warehousing system ... and at the same time, if there is anything you are not clear about, please ask ... if anything needs clarification.

Task 10 . Practice.

Divide into groups of four. Each person should prepare, in about two to three minutes, part of a short presentation on any topic he/she knows well.

Describe just one or two aspects of the topic in some detail for about three to four minutes. Then end what you say with a brief summary and/or conclusion. Finally, move to questions/comments or discussion.

Your colleagues should:

· ask questions;

· ask for more details;

· ask for clarification / repetition;

· paraphrase part(s) of what you said;

· offer more information based on their knowledge and / or experience.

For each contribution, respond appropriately.

Repeat the exercise until everyone in the group has been in the hot seat.

Task 11 . Read the text below and find: a) eight advantages of using visual aids; b). three warnings about using visual aids

The great danger (in using visual aids) is that presenters place the major emphasis on visual aids and relegate themselves to the minor role of narrator or technician. You are central to the presentation. The visual aid needs you, your interpretation, your explanation, your conviction and your justification.

Visual aids can make information more memorable and they help the speaker. However, they must literally support what the speaker says and not simply replace the spoken information. It is also not enough to just read text from a visual aid.

There are many advantages to the correct use of visual aids. They can show information which is not easily expressed in words or they can highlight information. They cause the audience to employ another sense to receive information, they bring variety and therefore increase the audience’s attention. They save time and they clarify complex information.

 

Task 12. Role-play: Presentations. Choose one of the following situations and prepare a presentation to give to the rest of the group.

1. As sales director of an electronics company, you must make a presentation to launch your new range of telephone answer machines to the trade. Your presentation should cover the main features of each product and emphasize their selling points. You may invent any information you wish about the company and its products.

2. Choose or invent a company in one of the following product categories: food, sports goods, fashion, electrical products, mobile phones, microprocessors. As sales manager of that company make a presentation to your sales force on the latest additions to your product range. Your presentation should cover the main features of each new product and emphasize their selling points. You may invent any information you wish.

3. As a member of the human resources department of a large multinational, you visit universities/colleges making presentations to students on your company and the job opportunities it offers graduates. Choose or invent a company to represent. You may invent any information you wish. If you have time, you might like to contact the company’s PR department and ask for a copy of their annual report. This will give you a lot of information about the company’s main areas of business, financial performance, product range, future prospects etc, and provide you with some useful visual aids.

Content

______ Extent of coverage

______ Difficulty level of coverage

______ Clarity of coverage

______ Interesting

 

Organisation

Overall

______ Coherent, good coordination, easy to follow

______ Concise

______ Clear

______ Appropriate

Introduction

______ Gained the audience’s interest and immediate attention

______ Stated purpose clearly

______ Identified the topic and defined the scope of the presentation

Body

______ The main points were supported with details

______ Documented facts where necessary

______ Transitions were made between the main points to enable the listener to follow the development of the presentation

______ Sounded believable

______ Sounded persuasive

______ Informative: something was learnt

Conclusion

______ Signal the ending

______ Summarised main points

______ Closed smoothly

 

Questions & Discussion

______ Responded to questions well

 

Visual aids

______ Suitable number

______ Varied

______ Design: clear and well-made

______ Relevance: used appropriate visual aids

______ Used visual aids effectively

 

Notecards

_____ Used effectively

 

Delivery

______ Appearance

______ Eye contact

______ Facial expression

______ Hand control

______ Body movements

______ Gesturing

______ Voice: Loudness & softness (in general & for special effects)

______ Speed & pacing (in general & appropriacy of pauses)

______ Humor, relaxed, enthusiasm and interest

______ Confidence of presenter

______ Timing

 

Language

______ Complexity

______ Grammar

______ Pronunciation

______ Stress & intonation

______ Vocabulary

______ Fluency

 

Overall

What did you like most about this presentation?

How do you suggest this presentation could be improved?

 

Words to remember:

abstract – резюме, реферат

citation – цитування, цитата

footnote – виноска, примітка

keep abreast – іти в ногу (прям. і перен.)

peer - review – рецензувати (статтю)

preview – попередній розгляд, обстеження

• CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

 

Presenting at conferences is an important part of entering academic society, and grad students are usually encouraged to present their PhD work at least once to a major conference. When a significant research result is achieved in the lab, it is natural to present the work at conferences and to publish the work in a peer-reviewed journal. We attend conferences to keep abreast of the latest trends, transformative results and techniques in our field.

Scientific research articles provide a method for scientists to communicate with other scientists about the results of their research. A standard format is used for these articles, in which the author presents the research in an orderly, logical manner.

Title

1. Make your title specific enough to describe the contents of the paper, but not so technical that only specialists will understand. The title should be appropriate for the intended audience.

2. The title usually describes the subject matter of the article.

3. Sometimes a title that summarizes the results is more effective.

Authors

1. The person who did the work and wrote the paper is generally listed as the first author of a research paper.

2. For published articles, other people who made substantial contributions to the work are also listed as authors. Ask your mentor's permission before including his/her name as co-author.

Abstract

1. An abstract, or summary, is published together with a research article, giving the reader a "preview" of what's to come.

2. Your abstract should be one paragraph, of 100-250 words, which summarizes the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper.

3. Don't use abbreviations or citations in the abstract. It should be able to stand alone without any footnotes.

Introduction

What question did you ask in your experiment? Why is it interesting? The introduction summarizes the relevant literature so that the reader will understand why you were interested in the question you asked. One to four paragraphs should be enough.

Materials and methods

1. How did you answer this question? There should be enough information here to allow another scientist to repeat your experiment.

2. If you had a complicated protocol, it may helpful to include a diagram, table or flowchart to explain the methods you used.

3. Mention relevant ethical considerations. If you used human subjects, did they consent to participate. If you used animals, what measures did you take to minimize pain?

Results

1. This is where you present the results you've gotten. Use graphs and tables if appropriate, but also summarize your main findings in the text. Do not discuss the results or speculate as to why something happened; that goes in the Discussion.

2. 2. You don't necessarily have to include all the data you've gotten during the semester. This isn't a diary.

Tables and graphs

If you present your data in a table or graph, include a title describing what's in the table. For graphs, you should also label the x and y axes.

Discussion

Highlight the most significant results, but don't just repeat what you've written in the Results section. How do these results relate to the original question? Do the data support your hypothesis? Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported? If your results were unexpected, try to explain why. Is there another way to interpret your results? What further research would be necessary to answer the questions raised by your results? How do your results fit into the big picture?

References (literature cited)

There are several possible ways to organize this section. Here is one commonly used way:

1. In the text, cite the literature in the appropriate places.

2. In the References section list citations in the alphabetical order.

Write accurately

1. Scientific writing must be accurate. Although writing instructors may tell you not to use the same word twice in a sentence, it's okay for scientific writing, which must be accurate.

2. Make sure you say what you mean.

3. Be careful with commonly confused words:

Temperature has an effect on the reaction.

Temperature affects the reaction.

Write clearly

1. Write at a level that's appropriate for your audience.

2. Use the active voice. It's clearer and more concise than the passive voice.

Instead of: The importance of the phenomena was emphasized by Robert Boyle.

Write: Robert Boyle emphasized the importance of the phenomena.

3. Use the first person.

Instead of: It is thought

Write: I think

Instead of: The samples were analysed

Write: I analyzed the samples

Write succinctly

1. Use verbs instead of abstract nouns

Instead of: take into consideration

Write: consider

2. Use strong verbs instead of "to be"

Instead of: The enzyme was found to be the active agent in catalyzing...

Write: The enzyme catalyzed...

3. Use short words.

Instead of:	Write:
possess sufficient utilize demonstrate assistance terminate	have enough use show help end

 

4. Use concise terms.

Instead of:	Write:
prior to due to the fact that in a considerable number of cases the vast majority of during the time that in close proximity to it has long been known that	before because often most when near I'm too lazy to look up the reference

5. Use short sentences. A sentence made of more than 40 words should probably be rewritten as two sentences.

Task 16 . Find a scientific article in the Internet and analyse its parts, and its language. You may analyse your own article.

How to Summarize

A summary is a shorter version of a longer piece of writing. The summary captures all the most important parts of the original, but expresses them in a shorter space. Summarizing involves putting the main ideas into your own words, including only the main points. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

Follow the steps outlined below to write a summary:

1. Read the original carefully in order to understand it completely and accurately.

2. Group the original writing into related paragraphs or sections.

3. Write a one or two sentence summary for each group of related paragraphs. These sentences should reflect the main idea of each section accurately.

4. Write one sentence which gives the main idea of the entire writing.

5. Start with a summary introduction, which includes the name of the article or book, the author and if appropriate the date and name of the journal, magazine or newspaper in which the article appeared. Include in your summary introduction your statement of the overall thesis of the original. Follow this with the sentence you wrote for each group of related paragraphs, keeping them in the order of the original.

6. In your final draft, eliminate repetitions and generally make your summary coherent.

When summarizing, follow the guidelines listed below:

· Include only the main points of the original passage

· Do not worry about following the original order of ideas.

· Keep the length down to no more than half the length of the original.

Here is an example of summarizing provided by the Academic Center, the University of Houston-Victoria:

Original Passage:

Height connotes status in many parts of the world. Executive offices are usually on the top floors; the underlings work below. Even being tall can help a person succeed. Studies have shown that employers are more willing to hire men over 6 feet tall than shorter men with the same credentials. Studies of real-world executives and graduates have shown that taller men make more money. In one study, every extra inch of height brought in an extra $1,300 a year. But being too big can be a disadvantage. A tall, brawny football player complained that people found him intimidating off the field and assumed he "had the brains of a Twinkie."

Let’s first identify the main points in the original passage.

Topic sentence: “Height connotes status in many parts of the world.”

Main point: “Even being tall can help a person succeed.”

Main point: “Executive offices are usually on the top”

Main point: “being too big can be a disadvantage”

Summary:

Though height may connote slowness to some people, in the business world, it is almost universally associated with success. For example, taller men are more likely to be hired and to have greater salaries. Further, those in top positions within a company are more likely to work on the top floors of office buildings.

How to Write Annotations

An annotation is a summary made of information in a book, document, online record, video, software code or other information. Annotated bibliographies give descriptions about how each source is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument. Creating these comments, usually a few sentences long, establishes a summary for and expresses the relevance of each source prior to writing.

As you read, section by section, chapter by chapter, consider doing the following, if useful or necessary:

· At the end of each chapter or section, briefly summarize the material.

· Title each chapter or section as soon as you finish it, especially if the text does not provide headings for chapters or sections.

· Make a list of vocabulary words on a back page or the inside back cover. Possible ideas for lists include the author's special jargon and new, unknown, or otherwise interesting words. Annotating requires you to think critically about a text.

 

How to Write an Abstract

The purpose of an abstract is to serve as a link between the title of a scientific article (research study) which may be only a few words long and the full article which may be 8-10 or more pages long. The abstract is a useful summary of the article that provides justification for the research. The abstract allows the reader to conclude whether the full article is worth reading.

The abstract should outline the objectives of the research study and its rationale. The materials and methods of the study should be stated with the statistical methods used. The results of the research should be concisely stated. A brief interpretation with the supporting statistics should be provided and a conclusion briefly stated.

There are two main types of abstracts: informative and descriptive ones.

 

An informative abstract summarizes the entire paper, including the key themes and purpose of the paper, major facts bearing on the conclusion, and a summary of key findings. It is short – from a paragraph to a page or two, depending upon the length of the original work being abstracted. Usually informative abstracts are 10% or less of the length of the original piece. This is the most common type of abstract.

 

A descriptive abstract, on the other hand, concentrates on identifying the purpose of the paper, and describing the major areas to be covered in the report, is always very short, usually under 100 words. It would be appropriate, for instance, in a review paper reporting on a survey of literature in a particular field. The descriptive abstract doesn’t say something like this – Problem: Based on and exhaustive review of currently available products, this report concludes that none of the available grammar-checking software products provides any useful functions to writers, (This is the style of summarizing you find in the informative abstract.) Instead, the descriptive abstract says something like this – Revision: this report provides conclusions and recommendations on the grammar-checking software that is currently available.

 

Annotation plan

1. The title of the article.	§ The article is headlined… § The headline of the article I have read is… § As the title implies the article describes ...
2. The author of the article, where and when the article was published.	§ The author of the article is… § The author’s name is ... § Unfortunately the author’s name is not mentioned ... § The article is written by… § It was published in … (on the Internet). § It is a newspaper (scientific) article (published on March 10, 2012 / in 2010).
3. The main idea of the article.	§ The main idea of the article is… § The article is about… § The article is devoted to… § The article deals (is concerned) with… § The article touches upon the issue of… § The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on… § The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some material on…
4. The contents of the article. Some facts, names, figures.	§ The author starts by telling (the reader) that… § The author (of the article) writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to... § Much attention is given to… § According to the article… § The article goes on to say that… § It is reported (shown, stressed) that … § It is spoken in detail about… § From what the author says it becomes clear that… § The fact that … is stressed. § The article gives a detailed analysis of… § Further the author reports (writes, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to... § In conclusion the author writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to... § The author comes to the conclusion that… § The following conclusions are drawn: …
5. Your opinion.	§ I found the article (rather) interesting (important, useful) as / because… § I think / In my opinion the article is (rather) interesting (important, useful) as / because… § I found the article too hard to understand/ rather boring as / because…

Note: Not all of these points are necessary for every annotation, and they certainly do not have to be noted in the order listed here, but they at least ought to be kept in mind when writing an annotation.

 

Task 20 . Discuss the successful presentation paying attention to the main stages – preparation the talk in advance, rehearse the presentation, speech processing and methods for catching attention. Single out additional steps if necessary.

Task 21 . To be a more effective presenter, it is useful to evaluate your own presentation skills. The following self-evaluation form can help you identify areas you should try to improve. Please read each item below and rank yourself from 1 to 5 based on how frequently you believe you adhere to the item (1=never and 5=always). Then concentrate on the points that you have ranked with low numbers when you are trying to improve your oral presentation skills.

Question	Rank
1) I determine some basic objectives before planning a presentation.
2) I analyze the values, needs and constraints of my audience.
3) I write down some main ideas first, in order to build a presentation around them.
4) I incorporate both a preview and review of the main ideas as my presentation is organized.
5) I develop an introduction that will catch the attention of my audience and still provide the necessary background information.
6) My conclusion refers back to the introduction and, if appropriate, contains a call-to-action statement.
7) The visual aids I use are carefully prepared, simple, easy to read, and have impact.
8) The number of visual aids will enhance, not detract, from my presentation.
9) If my presentation is persuasive, arguments are used that are logical and that support my assertions.
10) I use anxiety to fuel the enthusiasm of my presentation, not hold me back.
11) I ensure the benefits suggested to my audience are clear and compelling.
12) I communicate ideas with enthusiasm.
13) I rehearse so there is a minimum focus on notes and maximum attention paid to my audience.
14) My notes contain only "key words" so I avoid read up from a manuscript or technical paper.
15) My presentations are rehearsed standing up and using visual aids.
16) I prepare answers to anticipated questions, and practice responding to them.
17) I arrange seating (if appropriate) and check audio-visual equipment in advance of the presentation.
18) I maintain good eye contact with the audience at all times.
19) My gestures are natural and not constrained by anxiety.
20) My voice is strong and clear and is not a monotone.

Evaluate your score:

• If you scored between 80-100, you are an accomplished speaker who simply needs to maintain basic skills through practice.
• If your total score was between 60-80, you have the potential to become a highly effective presenter.
• If your score was between 40 and 60, this resource can help you significantly.
• If you scored between 30 and 40, you should show dramatic improvement with practice.
• If your total was below 30, roll up your sleeves and dig in. It may not be easy - but you can make excellent progress if you try.

At the end of the course, take this evaluation again and compare your scores. You should be pleased with the progress you have made.

 

Module 4

 

Presentations

Warm-up

Task 1. To start a presentation follow the advice:

ü Introduce yourself.

My name’s Katherine Beckett  and I work for Allianz Life. My talk is called “Consultancy skills in the 21st century”

ü Outline what you’re going to talk about: describe the different sections of your talk.

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There are a few main areas in computer testing I want to talk about today

 

ü

If you have any questions, I’ll be very happy to answer them at the end of the session.

Say whether people should ask questions during the talk, or at the end.

 

Do’s and don’ts:

a Start on time. Don’t wait for latecomers b Plan how long you’re going to spend on each point and keep to these timings. c Don’t labour a particular point (spend too long on something)     d Don’t digress (talk about things that have nothing to do with the subject), unless you have a particular purpose in mind.   e Finish on time. Don’t run over. It looks bad if you don’t have time to finish all your points and answer questions.

Task 2. Discuss the above mentioned tips in small groups. Comment on how you understand each of the practical recommendations.

Task 3. The text below contains several recommendations of a sales specialist for giving effective presentations. Match the seven points to the right paragraph (a-g).

1. Choose visuals to support the presentation.

2. Have a simple, clear structure.

3. Show enthusiasm.

4. Use Power Point.

5. Making informal presentations.

6. Dealing with nerves.

7. Considering the purpose and the audience.

a) The key to a successful oral presentation is to keep things simple. I try to stick to three points. I give an overview of the points, present them to the audience, and summarize them at the end.

b) My purpose or desired outcome, the type of audience, and the message dictate the formality of the presentation, the kind of visuals, the number of anecdotes, and the jokes or examples that I use. Most of my presentations are designed to sell, to explain, or to motivate. When I plan the presentation, I think about the audience. Are they professionals or nonprofessionals? Purchasers or sellers? Providers or users? Internal or external? My purpose and the audience mix determine the tone and focus of the presentation.

с) When I make a presentation, I use the visuals as the outline. I will not use notes. I like to select the kind of visual that not only best supports the message but also best fits the audience and the physical location. PowerPoint, slides, overhead transparencies, and flip charts are the four main kinds of visuals I use.

d) PowerPoint and slide presentations work well when I am selling a product or an idea to large groups (15 people or more). In this format, I like to use examples and graphs and tables to support my message in a general way.

e) In small presentations, including one-on-ones and presentations where the audience is part of the actual process, I like transparencies or flip charts. They allow me to be more informal.

f) I get very, very nervous when I speak in public. I handle my nervousness by just trying to look as if, instead of talking to so many people, I’m walking in and talking to a single person. I don’t like to speak behind lecterns. Instead, I like to get out and just be open and portray that openness: “I’m here to tell you a story.”

g) I try very hard for people to enjoy my presentations by showing enthusiasm on the subject and by being sincere. I try not to use a hard sell – I just try to report or to explain - and I think that comes across. In addition, it helps that I am speaking about something that I very strongly believe in and something that I really, really enjoy doing.

 

What advice do you think is the most important? What are the key considerations involved in preparing a presentation?

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