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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Regional Difference among FilipinosСтр 1 из 7Следующая ⇒
TOMAS D. ANDRES THE AUTHOR
DR. TOMAS QUINTIN DONATO ANDRES is an intercultural consultant who conducts cross-cultural orientation on Philippine culture for expatriates of multinational and international organizations. Having worked as counselor and consultant in several prestigious institutions in Europe, United States, Asia and Philippines, he has advised and given cross-cultural education to thousands of seamen and migrant workers Filipinos, Americans, Indians, Spaniards, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Cubans, Japanese, Nigerians, Iranians, Nepalese, British, Danish, etc. - in their moments of culture shocks in foreign lands. Dr. Andres holds a doctorate degree in educational management from the Far Eastern University, a diplomate in labor and industrial management from the Labor Management College of New York in Buffalo, a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Santo Tomas, and five baccalaureate degrees in Education, Liberal Arts, Oriental Philos-phies, Behavioral Sciences and Industrial Technology from India, Spain and Philippines. He is presently pioneering on a Philippine-based management and training system called MANAGEMENT BY FILIPINOVALDF.S and an internationally-based management and training system called MANAGEMENT BY IIUMOR in his VALUES AND TECHNOLOGIES MANAGF.MHNT CENTRE of which he is president and general manager. He is a professor of the Ateneo de Manila University and is consultant to multinational as well as local companies and organizations. MANAGEMENT BY: HUMOR SYSTEM 3078-B.REPOSO ST.EXT. STA-MESA, MANILA TELEPHONE.NOS. 61-02-14 61-02-19 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people helped shape and complete this work. Authorities in the field of anthropology, sociology, psychology, Philippine culture, ship management and other related disciplines as well as practitioners shared their insights with the writer. In the preparation of this work, the writer wishes to give due recognition to Mr. Stephen G. Treadwell, Denholm Representative of Denklav Maritime Agency, Inc. who strongly encouraged the author to write this book for their seagoing personnels who interact with their thousand Filipino seafarers onboard international ocean-going vessels. The writer's gratitude also goes to the Denholm Management for their financial support for this book. As the saying goes, " There's nothing new under the sun." The writer fully acknowledges that what he had written here has been taken from other sources and experiences and from his lectures, briefings, and personal teaching notes. As much as he can he acknowledges all the references used in the bibliography; however, human frailty dictates that some authors or sources may not have been acknowledged or mentioned explicitly due to inadvertence or lack of documentation. To them the author gives due thanks and acknowledgment. Last but not least, the writer's thanks and gratitude go to his loving children, Thomas Philamer, Pilar Philamcr, Picrreangelo Philamer, Lord Philamer, Patrician Philamer, Bernard Philamer, David Ben Philamer for their cooperation and to his loving wife, Pilar Corazon, for her inspiration. THE AUTHOR
1 UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURE, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO SEAMEN The Philippines is compose of 7, 107 islands with a total area of Jl 296, 912 square kilometers. The country is bounded on the west by the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south by the Celebes Sea. It lies a little above the equator and is 96$ kilometers off the southeast coast of the Asian mainland. The Philippines has for its languages Filipino, English and Spanish; it has 87 different major dialects ranging from Tagalog, Sugbuanon, Hiligaynon, Samarnon, Bikol, Pampango, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranaw to Tausug. English is widely spoken; in fact, this country is the third largest English-speaking nation in the world. The Filipino seamen have a good grasp of the English language and high levels of secondary and tertiary education. The biggest islands of the Philippines are Luzon, Mindanao, Min-doro, Samar, Panay, Cebu, Palawan, Leyte, Bohol and Masbate. Its largest cities are Manila, Quezon City, Davao and Cebu. A big number of Filipino seamen come from Luzon and Visayas. Filipino seamen are a happy blend of several races, basically Malay with Chinese, Spanish, Indian and American admixtures. Their values and ways of life were shaped by several, sometimes conflicting cultures, and the resulting blend is what makes their own uniquely Filipino. In their veins run the rich Christian values of Europe, the pragmatic and democratic values of America, and the spiritual values of Asia. To the predominantly Malay Filipino seaman, frankness is a breach of courtesy, righteousness and eccentricity. Thus, he says nothing negative of anything that he does not approve of. The best man for him is one who is " easy to get along with." He is trusting as a child, naturally tolerant, forbearing and kind but belligerent when provoked. The predominantly Chinese Filipino seaman has the values of patience and perseverance, hardiness and foresight, frugality and thrift. The Chinese ideal of filial piety, the emphasis on man as a social being and " sageness within and Idngliness without" ideal have been carried over into Filipino seaman's life. Relations between parents and children anc lateral relatives is a matter of ethics and honor. Getting along with one';. fellowmen is a fundamental prerequisite to prosperity, happiness and human existence. The predominantly Spanish Filipino seaman, is generous but arrogant. For him, the emphasis is on appearance, reputation, privilege and status. He observes the family rituals of Sunday worship and follows social standards. The predominantly American Filipino seaman is trained to ask two questions: " Does it work" and, " What has he done? " He possesses the modem mechanics and the techniques of Westernized democracy, the Protestant ethics of rationality, of questioning, of indepenent thinking, and of direct communication.
Social Habits The Filipino is generally friendly, hospitable and helpful He is a peace-loving and sociable fellow. He has a compromising character and is not inclined to confrontation. Filipinos are fond of giving parties. Any event such as a promotion, a birthday, etc. can be an excuse for having a party, or giving a " blow-out" As with any other culture, there are certain customs and traditions the Filipinos'follow in hosting parties: 1. An invitation is intended to confer honor on the guest If the guest is a foreigner, it is a particular honor to be invited not only for the guest, but also for the host Filipinos will invite everyone casually so no one feels left out. The person receiving a casual invitation usually realizes this when the host does not insist on his coming. 2. Filipinos will be very persuasive about an invitation and if the guest must decline, it can be a delicate matter. In order to save the host any embarrassment, the guest should simply say he will let the host know an answer as soon as possible. Then, he should either compose a tactful note in response or ask a third party to act a a go-between. 3. Gifts are usually presented at birthdays, baptisms, and anniversaries. They are almost never opened in front of the giver. Filipinos do not want to embarrass other guests. When a gift is given, it is usually handed over to the hostess with an apology: " Sorry, this is all I could afford." The recipient scolds the giver for taking the trouble to get a gift and sets it aside. 4. Filipinos do not usually send " Thank You" notes. Instead, the recipient waits to reciprocate. 5. It is not considered rude to be late. Filipino hostesses generally plan on an hour of socializing before serving the meal, allowing for latecomers. Though there appears to be no rule of thumb to gauge the proper arrival time, arriving at the exact time of the invitation will embarrass the hostess. It is better to be a little late " about 15 minutes or so. 6. The basic guideline of social behavior for Filipinos is the concept of biya, loss efface. Practically all of the guidelines below are designed to keep things on a smooth, even keel, without risking embarrassment to anyone. The host often apologizes for his house, because it is a status symbol. Do not admire an item in someone's home. The host may feel obligated to give the item to the admirer. It is considered polite to refuse food the first or second time it is offered. The invitation becomes more insistent by the third asking. 7. Quantity is the most important consideration in planning a menu. Not only will aditional guests be arriving, but it is considered a sign of welcome to offer lots of food and drink Rice is always served with a meal, usually in the place of bread. Lechon, a roasted whole pig, is customary for many occasions and ham is regarded as a festive main dish. Seafood is seldom the main course but is usually served as a first course or as an accompanying dish. Other pointers are: A hostess in the Philippines is always prepared to feed more people than were originally invited. Yoyos children's nurses - and drivers often come with the family. Guests often bring family and friends to a gathering as well. Yoyos usually sit at the table to help the children. Drivers generally eat with the household staff. The host and hostess generally do not sit with the other guests. After much coaxing, the guest of honor is seated at the head of the table and the host and hostess hover, insisting guests to have more of this dish or that dish; Guests are expected to eat everything, preferably in large quantities. But a guest should leave something on his plate to show there was more than enough food. A large spoon is often presented as part of the table setting instead of a knife. It is used for pushing the rice into the fork and for cutting food. 8. Filipinos often ask guests to entertain other guests, particularly with speeches or by singing songs. It is considered rude to refuse and hesitant foreigners should remember that few of the other guests will stop talking to listen anyway. 9. Guests always linger-after the meal. Otherwise it looks as if they only came to eat. When it is time to leave, they must tell the host and hostess. This is called " getting permission".
Conduct and Discipline Stern discipline should only be imposed at the right time, and if possible, within the confines and privacy of a cabin. Calling crew's attention with harsh words where others can hear will only cause embarrassment and a feeling of resentment toward the superior. A ship is an isolated community, far from families and friends. Officers should, therefore, organize Filipino seamen, and activities on board in such a way that living conditions become more bearable in -spite of the hard work. If an officer is held in esteem and loved by his Filipino subordinates, they will think twice before committing any infraction on the ship such as pilferages, quarrels, or acts or insubordination. Personalism (person-to-person relationship) carries a premium in managing Filipino seamen. Authority may make the Filipino seaman work, but it won't make him work to his fullest capacity. A personalistic management style stimulates productivity, good conduct and discipline in Filipino seamen. He works and works hard for the officer whom he can consider not only his superior but also his friend. Thus, Filipino seamen are likely to be motivated more by gestures of personal concern and attention from their officers than by raising of voice or swearing. Deep rooted values should be understood more clearly by Westerners who manage Filipino seamen. Work to most Filipino seamen is only a means to an end. Their ultimate achievement imagery is knowing that their respective families are enjoying some luxuries while they work on board and they look forward to a changed social status one day. The social value of " utang na-loob" (loosely translated as " debts of gratitude" ) is very much in operation in the Filipino seamen. They work hard for an officer to whom they have " utang-na-loob" but they also expect him to continue feeding their feelings of self-worth. The officer's gestures of personal concern and attention will be more valued and repayed with productivity, and loyalty. Pats on their backs and one or two drinks are some ways of repaying the Filipino seamen after doing a good job. Should the necessity arise for a Filipino seaman to be reprimanded, the officer should give him feedback about both his desirable and undesirable behaviors. The officer should do it in private, avoiding doing so in the presence of other people or else the Filipino will very likely feel that he has been publicly humiliated. An officer's hasty action, nasty remark, public reprimand, loss of temper, etc. will provoke the Pilipino to belligerence.
Gambling Filipinos have a penchant for gambling even at a very early age. They have the tendency to play or gamble anytime and anywhere. Family celebrations and funeral wakes are never complete without mabjong or poker or bingo sessions. The rich and earning Filipinos have pusoy, pekwa, casinos, horse racing, etc. Elderly Filipinos have their sakia, jueteng, and sabong or cockfighting. This fondness for gambling is carried over to sea by Filipino seamen. Gambling can have relaxational and recreational purposes for Filipinos, if properly regulated and managed. They should gamble only with their excess money; thus the bets should not be large. The officers should fix and delimit the site or area and time wherein mahjong and various card games may be played. Troubles arising through gambling must be prevented by the officers by their proper supervision of it.
Filipino Humor Laughter spices the life of the Filipino. Without it, life for him becomes a mere routine and brings about sheer boredom. Laughter or giggling is commonly used to relieve tension in embarrassing or emotion-charge situations. Westerners find this mannerism disturbing. It seems inappropriate for a Filipino seaman to laughingly announce that he has an accident, yet it does happen. Such behavior does not mean that accident is being treated lightly, and in fact, it means quite the opposite. Laughing or giggling is acceptable behavior for a Filipino in tension-filled situations. Besides laughing when they are happy, Filipinos also laugh when they feel shy or are embarrassed. Laughter, to the Filipino, can be kind of psychological therapy in time of difficulties, problems and untoward incidents. Filipinos are said to be one rare breed of people who can laugh even at themselves. Laughing at himself is one of the more important coping mechanisms of, the Filipino. Sometimes playful, sometimes cynical, he manages to laugh even at times when the Westerner would consider laughter inappropriate.
The Filipino English The average Filipino speaks English well, sometimes even sounding like an American. At times, however, Filipinos speak English with distinct regional accents - Tagalog, Ilocano, Pampango, Visayan " depending on what part of the country he comes from. Within the English languages are numerous accents and there will be a certain amount of time require for familiarization of the way English is pronounced by Senior officers. Don't be too particular about the pronounces " he" or " she" or diction in general. Some dialect's alphabet does not have an " F", and so Filipinos tend to pronounce it as " P". Filipino seamen sometimes misuse their she's and he's because in Filipirio language there is no such distinction in gender. Filipino English is slightly different from American English or British English. It is based upon the American dialect, but with strong influences of the indigenous languages. Grammar and pronunciation are noticeably affected. Additionally, some words have restricted, specific meanings. Following are a few commonly-used words and their meanings: " Blowout" - a treat or celebration " Brownout - an electrical power failure " Colgate" - toothpaste " Comfort Room" - restroom " Dear" - expensive, " Dirty Kitchen" - second kitchen, usually the maid's kitchen " Frigidaire - refrigerator " Xerox" - copier machine, photocopying " Kodak" - film " Polaroid" - instant photography " IBM" - computers " San Miguel" - beer " to pass" - to pick up, to stop for, to go by, to pass by " to get down" - to get out " to go down" - to get off " to sleep late" - to stay up late " dressed for his funeral" - dressed to kill " to have oiled his officer" - to have buttered his officer up. " his watch is dead" - his watch has stopped " open the light" - put on the light " homely" - to be very much dedicated to one's family.
Friendly Phrases Learning and using a few Filipino words while with Filipino seamen is a very powerful way of saying " I like you." Common greetings such as " Kumusta kayo? " (How are you? ); Magandang umaga" (Good morning); " Magandang gabi" (Good Evening); " Mabuhay" (long Live); etc. will help develop a very deep kind of rapport with them. The following are some friendly and survival phrases which is good for officers dealing with Filipinos to learn:
TOMAS D. ANDRES THE AUTHOR
DR. TOMAS QUINTIN DONATO ANDRES is an intercultural consultant who conducts cross-cultural orientation on Philippine culture for expatriates of multinational and international organizations. Having worked as counselor and consultant in several prestigious institutions in Europe, United States, Asia and Philippines, he has advised and given cross-cultural education to thousands of seamen and migrant workers Filipinos, Americans, Indians, Spaniards, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Cubans, Japanese, Nigerians, Iranians, Nepalese, British, Danish, etc. - in their moments of culture shocks in foreign lands. Dr. Andres holds a doctorate degree in educational management from the Far Eastern University, a diplomate in labor and industrial management from the Labor Management College of New York in Buffalo, a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Santo Tomas, and five baccalaureate degrees in Education, Liberal Arts, Oriental Philos-phies, Behavioral Sciences and Industrial Technology from India, Spain and Philippines. He is presently pioneering on a Philippine-based management and training system called MANAGEMENT BY FILIPINOVALDF.S and an internationally-based management and training system called MANAGEMENT BY IIUMOR in his VALUES AND TECHNOLOGIES MANAGF.MHNT CENTRE of which he is president and general manager. He is a professor of the Ateneo de Manila University and is consultant to multinational as well as local companies and organizations. MANAGEMENT BY: HUMOR SYSTEM 3078-B.REPOSO ST.EXT. STA-MESA, MANILA TELEPHONE.NOS. 61-02-14 61-02-19 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people helped shape and complete this work. Authorities in the field of anthropology, sociology, psychology, Philippine culture, ship management and other related disciplines as well as practitioners shared their insights with the writer. In the preparation of this work, the writer wishes to give due recognition to Mr. Stephen G. Treadwell, Denholm Representative of Denklav Maritime Agency, Inc. who strongly encouraged the author to write this book for their seagoing personnels who interact with their thousand Filipino seafarers onboard international ocean-going vessels. The writer's gratitude also goes to the Denholm Management for their financial support for this book. As the saying goes, " There's nothing new under the sun." The writer fully acknowledges that what he had written here has been taken from other sources and experiences and from his lectures, briefings, and personal teaching notes. As much as he can he acknowledges all the references used in the bibliography; however, human frailty dictates that some authors or sources may not have been acknowledged or mentioned explicitly due to inadvertence or lack of documentation. To them the author gives due thanks and acknowledgment. Last but not least, the writer's thanks and gratitude go to his loving children, Thomas Philamer, Pilar Philamcr, Picrreangelo Philamer, Lord Philamer, Patrician Philamer, Bernard Philamer, David Ben Philamer for their cooperation and to his loving wife, Pilar Corazon, for her inspiration. THE AUTHOR
1 UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURE, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO SEAMEN The Philippines is compose of 7, 107 islands with a total area of Jl 296, 912 square kilometers. The country is bounded on the west by the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south by the Celebes Sea. It lies a little above the equator and is 96$ kilometers off the southeast coast of the Asian mainland. The Philippines has for its languages Filipino, English and Spanish; it has 87 different major dialects ranging from Tagalog, Sugbuanon, Hiligaynon, Samarnon, Bikol, Pampango, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranaw to Tausug. English is widely spoken; in fact, this country is the third largest English-speaking nation in the world. The Filipino seamen have a good grasp of the English language and high levels of secondary and tertiary education. The biggest islands of the Philippines are Luzon, Mindanao, Min-doro, Samar, Panay, Cebu, Palawan, Leyte, Bohol and Masbate. Its largest cities are Manila, Quezon City, Davao and Cebu. A big number of Filipino seamen come from Luzon and Visayas. Filipino seamen are a happy blend of several races, basically Malay with Chinese, Spanish, Indian and American admixtures. Their values and ways of life were shaped by several, sometimes conflicting cultures, and the resulting blend is what makes their own uniquely Filipino. In their veins run the rich Christian values of Europe, the pragmatic and democratic values of America, and the spiritual values of Asia. To the predominantly Malay Filipino seaman, frankness is a breach of courtesy, righteousness and eccentricity. Thus, he says nothing negative of anything that he does not approve of. The best man for him is one who is " easy to get along with." He is trusting as a child, naturally tolerant, forbearing and kind but belligerent when provoked. The predominantly Chinese Filipino seaman has the values of patience and perseverance, hardiness and foresight, frugality and thrift. The Chinese ideal of filial piety, the emphasis on man as a social being and " sageness within and Idngliness without" ideal have been carried over into Filipino seaman's life. Relations between parents and children anc lateral relatives is a matter of ethics and honor. Getting along with one';. fellowmen is a fundamental prerequisite to prosperity, happiness and human existence. The predominantly Spanish Filipino seaman, is generous but arrogant. For him, the emphasis is on appearance, reputation, privilege and status. He observes the family rituals of Sunday worship and follows social standards. The predominantly American Filipino seaman is trained to ask two questions: " Does it work" and, " What has he done? " He possesses the modem mechanics and the techniques of Westernized democracy, the Protestant ethics of rationality, of questioning, of indepenent thinking, and of direct communication.
Regional Difference among Filipinos There are 111 linguistic, cultural and racial groups in the Philippines. The major linquistic groups are the following: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, Pangasinan and Maranao. The Filipino seaman is known to be a spendthrift if he comes from the Tagalog region, the Visayas or Pampanga, but an incorrigible tightwad if he comes from the Northern provinces. Filipino seamen from the sugar area in Visayas and Luzon are generally loose with their money, whereas the Ilocanos are generally industrious and thrifty with their hard earned money. Ilocanos, Pangalatocs, Cagayanos, and Igorots, are God-fearing, hardworking, enduring, humble, self-disciplined, and frugal. They are serious in their jobs and are aware that it is the source of livelihood for them and their loved ones. Being frugal, they have few vices, if any. Their lives are kept simple and basic. As they accumulate honest-savings, they invest in something worthwhile such a house and lot, education, productive machines before spending for luxuries. Being God-fearing, they are humble, honest, loyal, and just. In their work, they can be relied upon. They put their best efforts and talents. The Tagalogs and Pampangos are also God-fearing people, intelligent and well-informed, possessing the same virtues as the Ilocanos. They likewise have a high sense of honor but are at times tempted by material gains. The Bicolanos and Visayans are likewise God-fearing, have a sense of clannish pride, adventurous, and very gregarious. They take a challenge, reasonable or otherwise. The Moslems are brave warriors and are adventurous in a different way. They are proud of their Malay heritage and conscious of their noble blood. They believe and profess faith in the oneness of God or Allah and the Prophethood of Mohammed. |
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