Текст I A Few Facts From the History of Big Cities

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Текст I A Few Facts From the History of Big Cities

Learn to read the new words

 Julius Caesar                - Юлий Цезарь

The English Channel   - Ла-Манш

The Thames                 - Темза

B.C. (Before Christ)    - до Рождества Христова, до нашей эры

A.D. (Anno-Domim, lat) - после Рождества Христова, нашей эры

The Romans                 - римляне

Muscovite                     - москвич

to invade                       - вторгаться в, напасть на

to settle                             - (зд.) поселяться

site                                - (зд.) площадка, место

to surround                    - окружить

resident                          - постоянный житель

to replace                       - заменить

brick                               - кирпич, кирпичный

to establish                     - основать, учредить

preliminary                     - предварительный

construction                    - строительство

purpose                           - цель

to take over                     - (зд.) отвоевать

outlet                               - (зд.) выход

to require                         - требовать

effort                                - усилие

to be in existence             - существовать

  1.2 Read and translate the sentences with new words

1 ) I’m happy to say that the college founded a few years ago has grown into an important research center.

2) The hotel serves meals to residents only.

3) The old equipment was gradually replaced by the most up-to-date.

4) This is only a preliminary plan.

5) Most people learn foreign languages for practical purposes.

6) The reconstruction will require a lot of money and a great effort too.

7) Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established a long time ago.

8) The construction of the hospital will be financed by the state.

9) The site is surrounded by a thick forest.

1.3 Give the equivalents to the underlined words

1) The reconstruction of the factory takes a lot of money.

2) We’ll do out best to fulfill your order soon.

3) What ‘s the aim of your visit? Why are you bothering me?

4) The creation of the palace lasted several years.

5) The first trade contacts were set up between their corporations last year.

6) The town was built on a place which was famous for its location.

 1.4 Read the text, pay attention to the following words

 

[ ]                       [ ]                        [ ]                        [ ]

 

 inside                           land                   swampy                         shore

 similar                         abbey                forest                              forming

 exist                             magnificent   

 existence                      establish

                                      gradual

                                      similarity  

Find English equivalents in the text

в середине первого века до нашей эры;

подобно многим другим очень старым городам;

со временем, с течением времени;

деловой центр страны;

то, что известно сейчас, как…;

к середине первого века нашей эры;

примерно в то же самое время;

выбрал это место за его красоту и удобное расположение;

когда были установлены первые торговые связи;

произносим названия по-своему;

без предварительного плана;

с этой целью;

выход к морям;

в рекордные сроки;

это потребовало больших усилий;

славится замечательной планировкой;

Answer the questions

1)When did Julius Caesar invade the British Isles?

2)Were any people already living there at that time?

3)Did the Romans find any human settlement on the Thames?

4)Was London built according to an architectural plan?

5)Did it grow around only one center like most cities?

6)Do you think the Thames played an important part in its development?

7)Which city is older, London or Moscow?

8)How long had London been in existence when Moscow was founded?

9)Who was Moscow founded by?

10)How can you describe the place chosen for the construction of Moscow?

11)When were the first trade and diplomatic contact established between Russia and England?

12)What was built inside the wall and outside?

13)Why did Peter the Great want a new capital for Russia?

14)Why did the construction of St. Petersburg require enormous effort?

15)What can you say about the location of St. Petersburg?

16)What is St. Petersburg famous for?

17)Have you ever been there?

 1.8 Find the beginnings in the text

1)… people had already settled there and were living on both sides of the river.

2)… the abbey is now known as Westminster Abbey.

3)… on the bank of the river called the Moskva.

4)… which had been surrounded by a wooden wall by the first residents.

5)… is St. Petersburg, founded by Peter the Great.

6)… that could give Russia an outlet to the seas and other countries.

 1.9 Ask your friend

- if he has been to London;

- whether London grew around two centers;

- if Muscovite is a person living in Moscow;

- if the center of Moscow had been surrounded by a brick wall;

- whether St. Petersburg was built without a preliminary plan;

- whether Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg;

  2 Conversational Exercises

 2.1 Read and dramatize the dialogues

A.: According to the map, the museum isn’t very far from here.

B.: Let me have a look. Well, it’s most definitely somewhere down this road, but it may be a long walk. Look! There’s a policeman, let’s ask him.

A.: Excuse me, officer, can you tell us the way to the Museum of Modern Art?

P.: Certainly. Walk down this road to the third traffic light, cross the museum. It’s opposite the City Bank.

A.: Thank you very much. Is it a very long walk? Would it be a better idea to take the bus?

P.: Well. I don’t think so. It isn’t very far.

A.: Thanks again.

P.: Not at all.

 2.2 Read and dramatize the dialogues

A.: Excuse me, how do I get to Albert Road?

B.: Albert Road? Let me see… take the 24^th bus. The stop is over there across the road. The 24^th will take you as far as the New City Library. Get off there, and change to the 15^th bus, it will take you to Albert Road.

A.: Thank you ever so.

B.: That’s all right.

 2.3 К вам на улице подошел иностранец и попытался задать вам вопрос, пользуясь русско-английским разговорником. Узнав, что вы говорите по-английски, он попросил объяснить ему, как пройти к одной из достопримечательностей вашего города.

 2.4 Вы находитесь в Лондоне. Вам необходимо попасть из Лондонского Тауэра /5O/ в Сент-Джеймский парк /6G/. Пользуясь картой Лондона (см. Приложение), опишите свой маршрут.

  2.5 Из Лондонского Зоопарка /1Е/ доберитесь до Трафальгарской площади /5I/.

 2.6 Опишите один из возможных маршрутов от Музея Шерлока Холмса /2D/ до Вестминстерского Аббатства /7I/.

Taking a Taxi

London taxis carry meters indicating the fare to be paid. Drivers must charge the metered fare for the all journeys, within the London police districts, regardless of duration and distance, and including journeys to and from London airport Heathrow. Taxi drivers expect to be tipped for all journeys.

       2.8 Dramatize the dialogues

A.: West London Air Terminal, please. I have to be there by 11¹⁰.

B.: I can’t promise, but I’ll do my best. You’re just in time 70 p., please.

A.: Thanks a lot. Here’s 80 p. You can keep the change.

 

2.9A: Do you think you can get me to Victoria by half past?

B.: We should be OK if the lights are with us. You’ve still got five minutes to spare. 70 p., please.

A.: Thanks very much indeed. Here’s a pound, give me 20 p., please.

2.10 A: Picadilly, please. I have an appointment at 10³⁰.

B.: I think we can make it if we get a move on. Here we are, sir. 80 p. Please.

A.: Many thanks. Let’s call it a pound.

  2.11 A.: Paddington, please. I want to catch the 11¹⁵.

B.: We’ll be all right if there are no hold ups. This is it, sir. 70 p., please.

A.: Thank you. Here’s fare, and this is for you.

Перед Вами центр Вашингтона (см. Приложение). Найдите на карте достопримечательности, упоминаемые в тексте

Text V The Growth of London

  6.1 Learn the new words

evidence – свидетельство

principal – главный

nucleus – центр

to refer to – относиться к …

to be adjoined – примыкающий

expansion – распространение

to accelerate – ускорять

to relieve – облегчать

density – плотность

shortage – недостаток

to restrict – ограничить

“sprawl green belt” – зеленый пояс

  Read the text and ask your questions

                                         The growth of London

Archeological evidence that London was an active center in Roman times. By the Middle Ages when London became the political and commercial capital of England, it was one of the principal cities in Europe. The original commercial nucleus of the City of London (only a mile square – 2.6 sq km – referred to simply as “the City”) was adjoined by the City of Westminster, where the political centre established by the monarchy was supplemented by the administrative offices of Parliament and Whitehall (originally a royal palace).

London’s expansion accelerated during the Industrial Revolution of the late – eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, by the end of which it had developed into the largest city in the world. During the twentieth century, population growth has been concentrated in the outer suburbs, in the surrounding areas known as the “home counties” and in 12 new towns around London. These new towns, out of a total of 32 in Britain as a whole, were created after 1945 within a radius of 129 km of London to relieve the density of population and the capital’s housing shortage. To restrict the sprawl of built – up areas, London pioneered the concept of a “green belt” around the city where the land is left open and free from further large – scale building development.

Text VIII

8.1 Read the text “Sign Language”

Man has long dreamed of an international language, but attempts to create one have always failed because no country wants to leave its traditional language. Now a new means of international expression is beginning to catch on: the language of graphic symbols.

Symbols can help to break down the culture barriers raised by the world’s 5.800 languages and dialects. Sings are more effective than words because they take up less space and because their meaning can be understood more quickly.

Who, for example, can fail to understand such symbols as these widely used warnings against thin ice and fallings stones and such sings as plus and minus in mathematics. Packages can be sent in any languages, too. These symbols instruct Dockers to handle them – “keep frozen” and “keep dry”.

Equally clear are labels that show a glass (“fragile”), a crossed out hook (“use no hooks”) and a package separated from the sun by a heavy diagonal line (“protect from heat”).

People as well as packages can travel without knowing any foreign languages. For example, a foreign in airports or railway stations can find an information desk or a pick-up point for lost children, if he looks around for these signs.

“I got off the plane in Moscow some years ago”, a visitor to Russia remembers, “and I was able to find my way to my luggage, the bank at the airport, a taxi and the hotel, and I don’t speak a word of Russian – all by signs”.

Describe the future town using pictures B.1 and Г.1 ( см. Приложение В и Г)

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ А

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Б

 

Приложение В

 

 

 

Приложение Г

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Текст I A Few Facts From the History of Big Cities

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