III. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Past Continuous Tense или в Past Indefinite Tens e

III. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Past Continuous Tense или в Past Indefinite Tens e

1. They ... new houses in most of the streets round the center (to build).

2. The football season and our athletes all wanted to be ready for it (to begin).

3. At that time he ... in a school for girls (to teach).

4. She ... a funny picture (to paint).

 

IV. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE ESSENTIAL TRIANGLE

 

Technological and industrial progress depends on the scientist, the engineer and the technologist — an essential triangle. Each makes major contribution to progress. The engineer depends upon the scientist for new knowledge and upon the technologist for specialized assistance in translating engineering plans into operating reality.

The pure scientist can make his contribution to progress through the investigation of the unknown.

The interests of the research engineer are in the area of applied science and research. Scientists work in a world of generalizations and ab­stractions. The technologist, on the other hand, works in the real world of specific things and concrete objects. His problems are practical and they require practical solutions. He is more interested in how to do things. He must understand engineering tables and formulas and apply them in his work. The scientist, the research engineer, the technologist — all play an important role in the modern world.

The principal work of the engineer is design. He has to design products, machines and production systems. Like the research engineer, the engineer asks "why?". Like the technologist, he is also concerned with "how?".

The engineer must combine many of the characteristics of the scientist, research engineer and technologist. He must have a basic knowledge of the sciences, and understanding of the abstract techniques of the research engineer and he should know much of the technology employed by technologists.

Perhaps the most important function of the engineer is to integrate the work of the essential triangle. His interest must be in combining the abstract-theoretical world and the technical-practical world.

 

Вариант 2

 

I. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных:

young, easy, light, clean, small, thin, high, poor, bad, little, comfortable, important.

II. Выберите нужное слово из данных в скобках.

1. I've been to (a little, a few) lectures here and liked them very much.

2. We spent (a little, a few) days in the country and then came back to town because the weather was awful.

3. There weren't many wide streets in this town (a little, a few) years ago.

4. I have (a little, a few) time now and I want to read the text once more.

III. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Present Perfect Tense или Past Indefinite Tense в зависимости от смысла предложения.

1. I ... this exercise over and over, still I don't understand it (to study).

2. I ... not ... my parents since autumn.

3. When the bell rang, Dan ... from his seat and ... out of the room (to 

jump, to run).

4. I ... never ... this book (to read).

II. Заполните пропуски , употребив нужные по смыслу слова (something, anything, everything, nothing).

1. There is ... black on the floor.

2. Don't tell her ... about me.

3. I can see ... there, it is so far

4. ... is all right. You may go home.

III. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Present Perfect Tense или Past Indefinite Tense в зависимости от смысла предложения.

1. Не ... his report at last (to finish).

2. The day before yesterday we ... a bad storm (to have).

3. The rain ... but a cold wind is still blowing (to stop).

4. Ann ... as she was ironing the street (to fall down).

II. Заполните пропуски, употребив нужные по смыслу слова ( somebody , anybody , everybody , nobody ).

1. ... is waiting for you, Mother.

2. Is there ... in the room? No, there is not... in the room.

3. I can see ... there.

4. Is... absent today? No, ... is present.

IV . Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Вариант 8

 

I. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных:

long, short, large, big, fine, straight, old, young, good, much, difficult, interesting.

II. Заполните пропуски местоимениями much , many .

1. ... people were refused admittance to the performance as the house was packed up.

2. ... extra money was needed to equip the shop.

3. We have ... time, don't hurry. We'll make it.

4. She wrote us … letters from abroad.

METAL CUTTING

  Cutting is one of the oldest arts practised in the stone age, but the cutting of metals was not found possible until the 18th century, and its detailed study started about a hundred years ago.

  Now in every machine-shop you may find many machines for working metal parts, these cutting machines are generally called machine-tools and are extensively used in many branches of engineering.     Fundamentally all machine-tools remove metal and can be divided into the following categories:

1. Turning machines (lathes). 4. Milling machines.

2. Drilling machines.           5. Grinding machines.

3. Boring machines.

Machining of large-volume production parts is best accomplished by screw machines. These machines can do turning, threading, facing, boring and many other operations. Machining can produce symmetrical shapes with smooth surfaces and dimensional accuracies not generally attainable by most fabrication methods.

Screw-machined parts are made from bar stock or tubing fed inter­mittently and automatically through rapidly rotating hollow spindles. The cutting tools are held on turrets and tool slides convenient to the cutting locations. Operations are controlled by cams or linkages that position the work, feed the tools, hold them in position for the proper time, and then retract the tools. Finished pieces are automatically separated from the raw stock and dropped into a container.

Bushings, bearings, nuts, bolts, studs, shafts and many other simple and complex shapes are among the thousands of products produced on screw machines. Screw machining is also used to finish shapes produced by other forming and shaping processes.

Most materials and their alloys can be machined — some with ease, others with difficulty. Machinability involves three factors: 1. Ease of chip removal. 2. Ease of obtaining a good surface finish. 3. Ease of obtaining good tool life.

 

 

III. Заполните пропуски глаголами в Past Continuous Tense или в Past Indefinite Tens e

1. They ... new houses in most of the streets round the center (to build).

2. The football season and our athletes all wanted to be ready for it (to begin).

3. At that time he ... in a school for girls (to teach).

4. She ... a funny picture (to paint).

 

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