Give the definitions and the Russian equivalents of the following architectural terms.

Unit VI

The Roman Architecture

1. Remember the following words and expressions:

adapt, v. приспосабливать, адаптировать; e.g.to adapt the design to future needs. Many methods of adapting architecture to the natural environment are usually provided by man. Adaptation, n. адаптация, приспособление, переделка; e.g. adaptation of buildings for other uses. Adaptation means the process of adjustment and alteration of a building to meet new requirements.

adopt , v. принимать, усваивать, перенимать; e.g. to adopt a decision, to adopt the attitude towards smth., to adopt smb’s methods, adopted project. This approach has been adopted by many architects.

advantage, n. преимущество, выгода, польза; e.g. great/definite advantage over smb., to turn smth. to one's advantage, to take advantage, in order to best exploit the advantages. Many features of the architectural design of these houses reflect the significance of the environment and indicate the need to take advantage of the traditional architecture in modern architecture.

axis , n . ось, осевая линия; e.g. The new master plan attempts to alleviate this by organizing a series of public spaces about an axis connecting Lancer Barracks and St John’s Church.

establish, v. устанавливать, основывать, создавать, учреждать; e.g. to establish contact / relationship, to establish control of smb/ smth., to establish level, established price. Beatrice, a former director of a landscape design company, had just established her own firm.

expand, v. растягивать(ся), увеличивать(ся), расширять(ся); e.g. to expand activities, to expand production, to expand cultural exchanges, to expand into a new market. Postmodern architecture exploited and expanded the technical innovations of modernism.

face , v . облицовывать, наносить покрытие; e.g. The external basement walls were faced with granite slabs.

limestone, n. известняк; e.g. The plant was a forty-year-old industrial facility built on a rich limestone seam.

magnificent, adj. великолепный, прекрасный, внушительный; e.g. magnificent palace. The magnificent Great Temple at Karnak was devoted to Amon as the universal god of Egypt.

range, n. 1) ряд, цепь, серия; 2) круг, диапазон; e.g. range of interests, a range of buildings, a wide range of apartment sizes, range of colours,

render , v . 1) представлять, изображать, интерпретировать; 2) оказывать услугу, помощь; 3) штукатурить; e.g. to render aid/service, to render in marble. External walls will be rendered and tiled.

resemble, v. походить, иметь сходство, напоминать; e.g. superficially resemble. The zigzag light fittings on the ceiling resemble street barriers.

site, n. площадь, место(для строительства); e.g. site preparation , site work, greenfield site, views from the site, the proposed site of a hydroelectric dam. Reconstruction is accomplished at the site avoiding disassembling the structures.

straggling , adj . беспорядочный, разбросанный; e.g. straggling village, a straggling line of houses. Behind the wall is a hedge; behind the hedge are seen the tops of trees in rather straggling order.

strength, n. сила, интенсивность, мощность; e.g. great strength, physical strength, on the strength of, of equal strength, a tower of strength, design strength of the structure, calculation of strength. The intersections make additional strength possible with less foundational support.

substitute, v. заменять, замещать; e.g. What material can substitute steel in reinforced concrete? 2) n. заместитель, заменитель; e.g. poor substitute, substitute for stone. Substitute materials should be used only on a limited basis and only when they will match the appearance and general properties of the historic material and will not damage the historic resource.

Give the definitions and the Russian equivalents of the following architectural terms.