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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
UNIT 1 FAMILY AND FRIENDSСтр 1 из 6Следующая ⇒
CONTENT
UNIT 2 DAILY ROUTINES 2.1 Study the information. Sleep During the week I usually wake up at 6.30 a.m. I sometimes lie in bed for five minutes but then I have to get up (= get out of bed and get dressed). Most evenings, I go to bed at about 11 30 p.m. I’m usually very tired, so I go to sleep / fall asleep very quickly. Occasionally though I can’t get to sleep (= succeed in sleeping). When that happens, I sometimes manage to fall asleep about 3a.m., then I oversleep (= sleep too long) in the morning. If I have a late night (= go to bed very late), I try to have a nap (= a short sleep, e.g. 20-25 minutes) in the afternoon. The weekends are different. On Saturday and Sunday I have a lie-in. (= stay in bed until later, e.g. 8a.m. or 8.30a.m.) Food In the week I have breakfast at 7.30a.m., lunch at 1.00p.m., and dinner around 7p.m. I also have one or two snacks (= small amounts of food), e.g. cakes, biscuits or fruit, during the day at work. As I live alone / on my own / by myself (= without other people), I also have to make my own breakfast and dinner (= prepare breakfast and dinner for myself), but during the week I don’t bother (= make an effort) to cook very much. I also have to feed (= give food to) my two cats twice a day as well. Keeping clean In the summer I have a shower in the morning, but in the winter I often have a bath instead (= in place of a shower). Sometimes I have a shave at the same time, or I shave when I have a wash and clean / brush my teeth after breakfast. I wash my hair two or three times a week. Work In the morning I leave home about 8.15a.m. and get to work (= arrive at work) by 9a.m. I have a lunch break (= stop work for lunch) from 1-2p.m., and a couple of short breaks during the day. I leave work around 5.30p.m. and get home about 6.15p.m. Evenings During the week I usually stay in (= stay at home) and have a rest (= relax and do nothing). But at the weekend I often go out (= leave the house for social reasons, e.g. go to the cinema or disco with friends), but quite often I also have friends for dinner (= invite friends to my house and cook dinner for them), or friends just come round (= visit me at the house) for a chat (= conversation) or we play cards, e.g. poker or bridge. Housework I do the shopping (= buy the food) on Saturday. Fortunately (= luckily) I have a cleaner (= a person who cleans) and she does most of the housework: she does my washing (= washes the clothes), the washing-up (= washes the dishes) and does most of the ironing. ● There are some expressions with “have + noun”, e.g. have a shower. Can you remember six more?
2.2 Now complete some more word partnerships and expressions by matching the verbs in A with the correct word in B. A B
2.3 Write the correct preposition: in, at or on.
2.4 Answer the questions. A) What time do you: have a snack work on your computer have lunch / dinner go to university do your assignments wash up finish university feed your pet go to bed? B) How often do you: study at the weekends watch TV read novels have an early night go running go to a club? have a late night eat Chinese food cook breakfast play computer games have dinner in MacDonald’s chat on your mobile go to a friend’s house go to the library? ● Use: always, never, sometimes, seldom, usually, often while answering the questions.
Growing up and growing old NOTE: The period between 13 and 17 approximately is called adolescence, and the boy / girl is an adolescent.
Sam was born in Scotland but when he was two, his father got a new job in Los Angeles, and he grew up in California. He went to university at 19 where he met Anthea. He went out with her (= she was his girlfriend; he was her boyfriend) for three years, but towards the end they had lots of rows (= arguments) and finally they split up (= separated/ended their relationship). In his mid-twenties he met Marie. They fell in love and, got married within six months. One year later she got pregnant and they had their first child, a boy. But the marriage was not a success. Sam left two years afterwards and they got divorced (= the marriage ended officially). Four years later, Marie remarried (= got married again), and as you can see in the picture, she is now expecting a second baby (= she’s pregnant).
3.3 What stage of life are these people at? 1 Paul isn’t two yet, so he’s still a …toddler… . 2 Albert was a bus driver for 40 years but stopped work two years ago, so he’s now ………. . 3 Susan is 25, so she is in her ………. . 4 Caroline is 48 this year so she is now in her ………. . 5 Ron is 33 and his wife is 32, so they are both in their ………. . 6 Joan is 75 this year, so she is quite ………. . 7 Jason was born six weeks ago, so he’s a ………. . 8 Leyla is 13 this year, so she’ll soon be a ………. . 9 Ravi is 18 this year, so legally he becomes an ………. . 10 15 is often a difficult age for boys going through ………. .
3.4 Are these sentences true or false about the people? If false, write the correct answer below. 1 Sam was born in Ireland. 2 He grew up in the south of Ireland. 3 He went out with Anthea for two years. 4 They split up because Sam went to live in Japan. 5 Sam fell in love with Marie. 6 They had a baby a year after they got married. 7 Marie is now expecting her third child. 8 Marie left Sam.
3.5 Find the logical ending for each of the sentence beginnings on the left and construct Rebecca’s life.
3.6 You will often meet sentences that refer back to important information contained earlier in the text. These reference sentences can help you work out the answers to some of the multiple-choice questions. Reference sentences usually – but not always – contain words like this, that, these, those, etc. 1) Match the sentences (a-d) with the statements they refer back to (1-4). 1 I grew up in a huge family and I helped my mother look after the younger children. It never crossed my mind to complain about having to do this. As kids, we all knew we had to help out. 2 I was an only child and my parents gave me everything. They worried about me all the time and they were very selective about the children they would allow me to play with. 3 When I was a child we lived really well. We had a beautiful house, a maid and expensive foreign holidays. My parents never saved a penny. Then my father lost his job. After that, we were always terribly short of money and I couldn't go to college because I had to go out and get a job. 4 I was very close to my grandparents when I was growing up. They used to take me out and buy me things and tell me all kinds of stories which I loved listening to. a) All that made me a rather nervous and selfish person, if I’m honest. b) This is why I feel it is very important that my children should spend time with my own parents. c) That’s the kind of upbringing which teaches you to get on well with other people and to be unselfish. d) That experience showed me how important it is to look after your money. 2) Read the following paragraphs of a text about a person’s upbringing and answer the multiple-choice questions. I grew up in a small industrial town. My parents both worked in a nearby factory. Few families in the town were well-off but most of us were content with our lives. More than anything, it was the closeness of our families that kept us happy. On Sundays, everyone would put on their best clothes and go out to visit relatives and friends. All of us were brought up to understand the importance of our families to us and we developed a strong sense of belonging to the community we grew up in. Those values have stayed with me throughout my life. ● What do the words those values in the above sentence in italics refer to? A) respecting your family and the people around you B) being happy to work in a factory all your life C) keeping in touch with relatives as well as with friends D) wearing respectable clothes when you go out on Sundays
Although our town was industrial, it was surrounded by beautiful unspoilt country. As a child, I spent hours on end playing with my brothers and sisters, cousins and friends in the woods around the town, catching fish in a nearby river and, in the summer, swimming in the freezing water. We would all rush out of the house after breakfast, appear briefly for our lunch, which we ate as fast as we possibly could, and then we would be off again out of the house to meet our friends. By the evening, we were so tired that we couldn't stay awake and had to be carried to bed by our parents. / often wish my own children could have grown up like that. ● What do the words like that in the above sentence in italics refer to? A) living in an industrial area B) being free to go out and play all day C) having a river nearby D) being tired and ready to go to bed early My parents couldn't afford to send me to college so I had to get a job. Like most of my relatives, I went to work in a local factory. I was assigned to the accounts office where one of my uncles worked. I knew I would have to wait years to get a good position there. Many people, including my parents, told me I was lucky to have got a job in that department because there were a lot of people unemployed. / knew I could never look at life in this way. After just six months in the job, I walked out. ● What does the phrase look at life in this way in the above sentence in italics refer to? A) wanting to work with your relatives B) accepting that you cannot go to college C) wanting to have a high position D) being satisfied with whatever you have got
I moved to a city in the south of the country where, after a lot of hard work, I built up a whole business empire. Today, I am one of the richest people in the country. I have children of my own now, who I send to an expensive private school. I have seen most parts of the world and I own several houses, racehorses and a private collection of classic cars. On the other hand, I often remember how happy I was while I was growing up. Then I wonder if such things are, in the end, all that important. ● What do the words such things in the above sentence in italics refer to? A) moving to another part of the country B) the experiences of your childhood C) living the typical lifestyle of a wealthy person D) being able to give children a private education
3.7 Study the information. Before you read the text answer the following questions: 1 Who do you live with? 2 Do other members of your family live near you, or do you have to travel to see them? MODERN FAMILIES What is a “traditional” family nowadays? With more and more couples choosing not to get married, and with the number of divorces and second marriages increasing, the idea of the “traditional family” (two married parents, an average of two children, grandparents living nearby) is rapidly disappearing in some countries. Here are some personal examples and statistics from the English-speaking world.
3.8 Read the texts and find out how many people Callum, Meera, Ben and Trudi share a house with. ● My name’s Meera, and I live in Wolverhampton, near Birmingham, in England. I live with my parents, my brother and my sister. My grandmother lives next door. My mum was born here in Britain, but my grandmother moved here from India in the 1960s when my dad was a little boy. My dad has two sisters - Auntie Sunita and Auntie Rani. Auntie Sunita lives in the same street as us, and Auntie Rani lives in Birmingham, which is only 15 miles away. They’re both married, and I’ve got five cousins. We see them almost every week. Someone is always visiting our house, or we go to Birmingham to see them. And two years ago we all went to India to see our family there. ● I’m Callum, and I live with my parents in Cambridge, in the east of England. We moved here when I was five because of Dad’s job, but my mum comes from the north of England, and Dad comes from Scotland. I’ve got a grandma in Edinburgh and a granddad in Yorkshire. And I've got two cousins who live near London, because that’s where Dad’s sister and her husband live. We see my cousins about three times a year, and we go up to Edinburgh every New Year, but I can’t remember when I last saw my granddad in Yorkshire. He always sends me presents, though! ● I’m Ben, from Portland, Oregon, and my family is a bit complicated! I’ve got a sister called Ella, but three years ago my parents got divorced and now both of them are re-married. We live with my mom, Julie, and my stepfather, Bob. Bob’s got a daughter called Daisy, but she doesn’t live with us, she lives with her mom. My father’s name is Pete. He and his second wife have just had a baby boy, Charles, so I’ve got a new half-brother! ● My name’s Trudi, and I’ve got a sister called Beth. Our mum and dad are divorced, so we live with just our mum in the o suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. Our dad has an apartment in the centre of town, and we spend a every other weekend there. After school every day we go to our grandma’s house and have a meal there, because our mum doesn’t finish work until six o’clock. She collects us at half past six, except on Wednesday evenings when we go swimming with our dad.
3.9 Underline the correct alternatives to complete the sentences. 1 Callum’s aunt and uncle / grandparents live near London. 2 Callum often / sometimes sees his cousins. 3 Meera’s aunts both live near / faraway. 4 Meera often / rarely sees her cousins. 5 Daisy is Ben’s half-sister / stepsister. 6 Julie is Pete’s ex-wife / stepmother. 7 Trudi’s mum and dad live in different place s/ together. 8 Trudi never sees her dad / sees her dad regularly.
3.10 ROLE PLAY. Getting to know you STUDENT A Get to know something about Student B by asking him/her questions and filling in the following form. (Student B will also ask you questions.)
STUDENT B Get to know something about Student A by asking him / her questions and filling in the following form. (Student A will also ask you questions.)
● Before starting, work out which questions to ask. For example: What’s your name? Have you got any sisters? When and where were you born? When did you start learning English? ● When, you have finished, use the answers Student A / B gave you to retell about his / her background. THE FAMILY There are many different views on family life. Some people could not do without the support and love of their families. Others say it is the source of most of our problems and anxieties. Whatever the truth is, the family is definitely a powerful symbol. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will see advertisements featuring happy, balanced families. Politicians often try to win votes by standing for “family values”: respect for parental authority, stability in marriage, chastity and care for the elderly. Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together. In industrialized countries, and increasingly in the large cities of developing countries, the nuclear family is regarded as normal. Most people think of it as consisting of two parents and two children. In fact, the number of households containing a nuclear family is shrinking year by year. There are people who say that the family unit in Britain is in crisis and that traditional family life is a thing of the past. This is of great concern to those who think a healthy society is dependent upon a stable family life. They see many indications that the family is in decline, in such things as the acceptance of sex before marriage, the increased number of one-parent families, the current high divorce rate and what they see as a lack of discipline within the family. Some politicians blame social problems, such as drug taking and juvenile crime, on a disintegrating family life. Concern that the family is in a state of crisis is not new in Britain. In the nineteenth century, many legislators and reformers were saying the same. It was also a concern between the two World Wars, and in the 1980s it became a continuous political issue. There is no definition of a “normal” family. Broadly speaking, the family is a group of people related by blood or law, living together or associating with one another fop a common purpose. That purpose is usually to provide shelter arid food, and to bring up children. The nature of the family keeps changing: there are a number of types of family that exist in a society at any one time.
4.2 Match the following word combinations according to their meaning: A B
4.3 Translate the following word combinations and sentences into Russian: a) a man of good family, a man of no family, a family man, nuclear family, cat family, family of language, in a family way, a family tree. b) 1 A much more common name is Jack. 2 The plot behind the house was common property. 3 Her brother is a common Worker. 4 In such matters you must use common sense 5 It's a mistake common to all students. 6 It's common knowledge that his work of art is very valuable. 7 There was hardly any hope of finding common ground with the opposition. 8 They have plenty in common.
4.4 Which is the odd word out? a) live, dwell, lodge, stay, stop, put up; b) begin, commence, start, finish, end, cease, go on, go out, continue; c) expect, wait, hope, believe, think, suppose.
4.5 Answer the following questions: 1 What are some of the views on family life? 2 What are the predictions of the end of the family system based upon in Great Britain and Russia? 3 What relations are customary between Russian young men and girls? 4 What are the basic characteristics of a family? 5 What are the definitions of a family? 6 What is your idea of an “ideal” family? 4.6 Make up sentences of your own with these words: a) assume v 1. take over: assume responsibilities, power 2. suppose: We must assume him to be innocent. 3. pretend: assume ignorance, indifference, an air of concern, etc. assumption n supposition: on the assumption b) care for n anxiety, concern: a mother’s care for her children; take care of oneself / smb / smth = make sure that one / smb / smth is safe and well: My sister is taking care of the children while we are away. care v feel special interest in smb / smth: He cares much for her. not to care = be indifferent: don’t care. careful adj cautious (ant careless, carefree)
4.7 Read the text Those lazy husbands and do the exercises after. THOSE LAZY HUSBANDS Men are lazy in the home, according to an official survey published today. They have about six hours’ a week more free time than wives, but play very little part in cooking, cleaning, washing, and ironing, according to the Social Trends Survey by the Central Statistical Office. Nearly three quarters of married women claimed to do all or most of the housework, and among married men the proportion who admitted that their wives did all or most of the housework was only slightly lower. The survey showed that washing and ironing was the least popular task among men, with only one per cent performing this duty, compared with 89 per cent of women, and 10 per cent sharing equally. Only 5 per cent of men prepare the evening meal, 3 per cent carry out household cleaning duties, 5 per cent household shopping, and 17 per cent wash the evening dishes. But when household gadgets break down, repairs are carried out by 82 per cent of husbands. The survey says that, despite our economic problems, the majority of Britons are substantially better off than a decade ago. We're healthier, too - eating healthier foods and smoking less. The average Briton, not surprisingly, is more widely travelled than a decade ago. More people are going abroad for holidays, with Spain the favourite destination. So here is the way the statisticians see us... Money Most people considered that the gap between high wage earners and those on small incomes was too large. Predictably, people with high incomes were less likely to agree, but even among those with an annual income of at least £15,000, more than half thought the gap was too wide. The majority also disagreed that the rich in this country are over-taxed. Questioned on Government spending, the three most favoured candidates for extra cash were health, education, and help for industry. The least favoured were overseas aid, public transport, roads, police, and prisons. Smoking The number of smokers dropped by around 12 per cent compared with 1972, with more men than women kicking the habit. But drug abuse rocketed. Registered male addicts under 20 doubled between 1982 and 1983. There were 56 million people living in the UK in 1983 – only half a million more than in 1971. But the number of people aged 65 or over had gone up by more than two million since 1961, and represented more than 15 per cent of the population, compared with less than 5 per cent at the turn of the century.
4.8 Complete the following sentences, using information from the article above. Model: Women do more work in the house than men do. a) Women __________ free time __________ men. b) Men __________ housework. c) __________ do any washing or ironing. d) Only one man in twenty __________. e) __________ wash the dishes in the evening. f) __________ repairs in the household __________ by men. g) Britons __________ more money __________ ten years ago. h) Britons __________ cigarettes, and are eating __________. i) Spain __________ place to go on holiday. j) There were _________ as many divorces among _________ as among professional classes. k) Fewer than two in five divorced women __________. l) __________ marriages in 1983 __________ 1982.
4.9 Ask and answer 10 questions on the text.
4.10 Speak on the Social Trends Survey by the Central Statistical Office.
4.11 Do you agree with these statements? 1 Father should feed children and change their nappies. 2 Men should do more work about the house. 3 Mothers with young children should not work.
4.12 What are the results of the Social Trend Survey in Russia? 1 Have you get any information on this problem? 2 Tell your friends what you’ve read or heard about it.
4.13 Read the text My Family understand it using the vocabulary after it and then find the English equivalents. MY FAMILY Hi! My name is Thomas (though my friends call me Tom). I’m fifteen. I’ve got a Mum, a Dad, a brother and two sisters, three aunts and uncles and two grandmothers who live in New Zealand. I’m the youngest. It is pretty dire*(1) at times when my elder sisters and brother try to boss me around, but sometimes it’s OK because I get away with*(2) doing things with them – like going off*(3) up to London for the day, staying up*(4) really late to watch videos and going off to the pub for a drink (cola, of course, because I’m not 18 yet). I think there are some advantages*(5) of being the youngest. I can learn from my sisters’ and brother’s mistakes, and they’ve fought some of the battles with my parents for freedom. My eldest brother Mark is 20 and is studying at the university in York. My sister Laura is 18 and in her last year at school. She is doing Biology, Chemistry, Maths and Further Maths*(6) “A” levels. She wants to become a doctor. Liz is my other sister. She is 16. My sister Liz was born lucky. She has a beautiful smile. When she does something bad, she smiles and my parents are not angry with*(7) her. She eats a lot and does not get fat*(8). Her favourite meal is a double cheeseburger with French fries*(9), a milkshake*(10), and an ice cream sundae*(11). She does not study hard but always gets good marks. After school she does her homework in five minutes while she watches television at the same time. I’m close to*(12) all three but possibly closest to Liz. She sometimes comes to me for advice and I sometimes go to her. But I would have liked to have a younger brother. I’d have liked to have someone to have a laugh with, someone to take out to football with me. My sisters and Mark don’t always share*(13) my sense of humour. My Dad is a civil servant*(14) and works in central London. Mum is a teacher and works in Croydon, a town on the outskirts*(15) of London. If I go out, my parents like to know where I’m going, who I’m with and what time I’m coming home, but that’s fair*(16) enough. Of all my relatives best of all I like my Granny Dotty. She loves adventure. On her sixtieth birthday she went mountain climbing*(17) in the Alps. On her seventieth birthday she went on a trip to the North Pole. When she was eighty she drove, alone, across the United States. She loves to eat chocolate. We all wonder what, she will do when she is ninety. Vocabulary : *1 pretty dire – довольно неприятно *2 to get away with – провернуть какое-либо дельце *3 to go off – уезжать, сбегать *4 to stay up – не ложиться спать *5 advantages – преимущества *6 Further Maths – высшая математика *7 be angry (with) – сердиться (на) *8 get flat – поправляться, становиться толстым *9 French fries – картофель фри *10 milkshake – молочный коктейль *11 ice cream sundae – пломбир с сиропом, орехами, фруктами *12 be close (to) – быть в близких отношениях *13 share – делить, разделять *14 civil servant – служащий *15 outskirts – пригород *16 fair – справедливый *17 mountain climbing – альпинизм ● Find the English equivalents: Мои друзья называют меня Томом; временами довольно неприятно; пытаться командовать; провернуть какое-либо дельце; поездки в Лондон; на день; допоздна не ложиться спать; смотреть видео; вылазки в бар; некоторые преимущества; ошибки сестер и брата; битвы с родителями; битвы за свободу; последний год в школе; она занимается биологией; моя вторая сестра; родилась счастливой; любимая еда; молочный коктейль; пломбир; всегда получает хорошие отметки; делает домашнее задание и смотрит телевизор одновременно; я близок со всеми тремя; она приходит ко мне за советом; младший брат; кто-то, с кем можно посмеяться; кто-то, с кем можно пойти на футбол; не всегда понимают мой юмор; служащий; достаточно справедливо; из всех своих родственников; больше всех; в свои шестьдесят (70, 80); через Соединенные Штаты; всем нам хотелось бы знать.
4.14 Answer the following questions about yourself: 1 What’s your name? How old are you? What group are you in? 2 Do you have a big family? 3 What members of the family do you have? Do you live together? 4 How many children are there in your family? Who is the youngest? 5 Do other children try to boss the youngest one around? Is it OK? Would you like to be the youngest? The eldest? 6 Do you think there are some advantages or disadvantages in being the youngest or the eldest? What are they? 7 What are your brothers’ and sisters’ names? What are they doing? How old are they? 8 What do your parents do? Are they busy with their work? 9 Do they spend much time with you? 10 Are your parents strict with you? 11 Are you close to all members of your family? Who are you closest to? 12 Who do you think was born lucky in your family? Why do you think so? 13 Can you tell anything interesting about your relatives?
LEISURE USA QUESTIONNAIRE 5.2 How often do you do these activities? Write often, sometimes or never. ● Aerobics ● Going to the movies ● Swimming ● Computer activities ● Reading ● Dancing ● Cooking ● Shopping ● Watching TV ● Cycling ● Walking
5.3 Now number the activities that you do in order, with number 1 as your favourite.
5.4 Which other activities do you do in your free time that aren’t listed above?
5.5 Read the text Hobbies and do the exercises after it. Hobbies A hundreds years ago there was no problem of what working people could do with their spare time. Their hours of work were so long that they had hardly any leisure. Nowadays it’s even hard to name all the activities, entertainments and hobbies run by people in their free time. A growing number of people prefer watching films, performances, sporting events on TV to attending them. There exists quite a different sort of leisure activities, betting and gambling for example, which give thousands of people hope for a huge prize, and a sense of excitement and expectation. There are various pursuits that people choose to pass away their free time. Nowadays people spend ours watching different informational, educational or environment programs. Other popular occupations are listening to the radio, reading books, painting and so on. Many people prefer to go in for different kinds of sports and lead an active way of life. Sometimes they participate in competitions or contests and have a very good pastime. There are people that prefer calm way of spending their free time. They are fond of quite rambles or walks in parks or gardens. More serious people prefer to visit museums, art galleries or theaters. Aerobics and shopping are two of the most popular pursuits for women. Cooking is also very widespread activity among them. But nothing can be compared with the feeling of those who take got really interested in some field of activity, which has become something favorite and admired. A “hobby” is a special interest or activity that you do in you free time off. Some people have animals as hobbies. They keep rabbits or go fishing. They train dogs to do tricks or keep pageants to race and carry messages. Some are crazy about plants. They try to grow cacti or rare tropical flowers in their kitchens and sitting rooms. Others are mad about their cars or their motorbikes. They spend their Saturdays and Sundays washing them, painting them or buying new bits and pieces to make them go even faster. Children and teenagers are great collectors. They collect stamps or postcards or pictures of a favourite football or pop star. Many people make things as a hobby. I have several hobbies which occupy me after university, both in and out of the house. Sometimes I wonder how I fit them all into my schedule because I have a lot homework. Everyday I have not much time to relax. In that period I usually rest after hard university day, listen to music, watch TV and videos, read books and magazines. Computer is one of my main hobbies and interests. Every weekend I spend a lot of time in World Wide Web. I use Internet for educational process, for finding special literature in different subjects and of cause for fun. I have a great number of web friends and we like to spend a lot of time talking to one another. Moreover I have big collection of CDs and records. They include reggae, pop, classical, jazz, easy listening. My mum always telling me off for putting my hi-fi on too loud. Whenever I get spare time, I go in different sport clubs and complexes and play different team and single games such as tennis, football, volleyball, and basketball. It keeps me fit and happy. I can say with confidence that reading is my favourite hobby. Thanks to books we learn to express our thoughts and feelings more exactly and of cause books is the richest source of information. Sometimes my friends and I exchange opinions about books, speak about them, exchange books. Among my favorite gainers are fantasy, philosophy and technical literature. I think that hobbies and interests are an important factor of life. They help to form person, to relax and forget problems for a short while.
5.6 Kinds of hobbies. What hobbies are your favourite ones?
5.7 Write down: 1 three things that people often play 2 three things that people often collect 3 five outdoor hobbies which include some physical exercise
5.8 Here are some people talking about their hobbies. Can you guess what the hobby is in each case? 1 I usually use colour, but sometimes you get a better effect with black and white. It really depends on the subject. 2 I really enjoy going round the shops and markets looking for a bargain. 3 I try to practise every day, but sometimes it’s difficult because I don’t like to disturb my neighbours too much. And one neighbour gets very angry if I play the same thing over and over again. 4 The great thing is you can do it when you like. I usually do it three or four times a week -either early in the morning, or after school. I only go for about 25 minutes but it really keeps me fit. 5 Obviously it saves me a lot of money; and in any case, I hate buying things in boutiques because so many things are badly made. 6 I joined a club because I wanted to get better, and I now play twice a week in the evenings. It has helped me a lot and I have a much better memory for all the different moves and strategies. 7 I think this is a very common hobby for people like me, who have a house but don't have much money. That’s why I started, but now I think I do a better job than many professionals.
5.9 Complete these sentences with a suitable verb. 1 How often do you ……… jogging? 2 She ….. hiking because she wanted to get more exercise. Unfortunately, she didn’t like it and she …….. it …….. about six months later. 3 She has always .... her own clothes; it’s much cheaper than buying them. 4 He …….. old coins. 5 I …….. quite a lot of rock climbing when I’m on holiday. 6 I learnt to …….. the piano when I was at school. 7 I wanted to improve my chess, so I …….. a chess club. 8 I don’t really …….. anything in my spare time.
5.10 Study some adjectives to describe free time and leisure pursuits
● Now fill the gaps with a suitable adjective from the table in activity 5.10. 1 I find writing poetry very …….. . It helps me to get a truer under of myself and gives me a good feeling inside. 2 I enjoy selling the pictures I paint, but it’s not very ……... I only made £100 last year. 3 Gardening is very ……...It reduces stress levels and calms you down. 4 I’ve had a …….. partnership with Jane for several years: she plays the piano and I play the violin. It’s been very good for both of us. 5 Doing unpaid work at the hospital has been a …….. experience for me. 6 I would like to be on the club committee, but I’ve heard it’s very …….. and I don’t have a lot of free time. 7 I enjoyed being secretary or the sports club but it was very …….. . I had to give up two evenings a week to do it. 8 The conservation work I do is very …….. . I feel I’m doing something good and useful. 9 Photography has been a …….. pursuit for her. She often sells her pictures to magazines. 10 Painting is such a …….. activity. It makes me feel good, and teaches me patience.
5.11 Study some informal words describing the way people spend their leisure. Bob’s a real culture vulture; he goes to every theatre and art gallery he can find, (big fan of anything cultural) I am a bit of a couch potato: I spend hours every day just watching TV. (physically very inactive person) Mary’s a bit of a dabbler: she does a pastime for a couple of weeks, then she gets bored and starts something different, (person who never keeps doing one activity for long) Francis is a real doer. He never sits round for long and always has some project or other (person who believes in acting and doing things, not just thinking) Laura’s a shopaholic. She buys all sorts of things she doesn’t need, (person addicted to shopping; compare alcoholic: addicted to alcohol) ● Solve these riddles, based on the words above. 1 I am a vegetable that sits where humans sit. What am I? 2 I seldom sit and talk, I always act. What am I? 3 I am a bird that eats the flesh of art. What am I? 4 I do some of this and some of that, but never all of this or all or that. What am I?
5.12 Answer these questions. 1 What kind of obsessions or addictions do you personally have? 2 What was the word in activity 5.11 that meant ‘a person who is obsesses with going out and buying things’? 3 Using the same construction as in question 2 above, what could you call a person who is obsessed with, or addicted to, the following? a) working all the time b) sport c) eating chocolate 4 What are you? Invent a word for your obsession(s).
5.13 Read the text and say what group your own hobby belongs to: Numerous hobbies can be subdivided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball. Gardening is one of the oldest man’s hobbies, especially in some countries (Britain, for example). A relatively new hobby which is becoming more popular is computer games. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, and handicrafts. Some hobbyists write music. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches, etc. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so the others might take pleasure in seeing them. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding to what he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.
5.14 Read this newspaper article, then find the answers to the following questions. 1 The most popular sporting activity in Britain is …… . 2 The second most popular sporting activity in Britain is …… . 3 Over the past 20 years, 1.300 private …… have been built in Britain. 4 Over the past 20 years ... public leisure centres have been built in Britain. FITNESS OR FUN? ■ We British as a nation do all kinds of things in our spare time: we go shopping or jogging, we play darts or football, we collect records or stamps, we go to church or to the pub. The average working person has 40 hours of free time a week, sleeps for 49 hours, spends 45 hours at work or travelling to and from work. The remaining hours are spent on ‘essential activities’ (food shopping, housework, child care, cooking, etc.). Of course, some of our free time activities, like visiting relatives or taking driving lessons, may not be fun. but whatever we do, the way we spend our free time is probably providing other people with work. Leisure is our fastest growing industry. ■ According to the latest figures, during the past year, the most popular activity of all was walking: 35 million British people regularly walked two miles or more. More energetically, ten million people went to keep fit classes or took part in aerobics or yoga and half as many did some kind of weight training in a gym. Not only did nine million people go cycling but four million went jogging and the same number played football and played golf. Other popular sports were bowling (6mln), badminton (5mln), tennis (4mln) and squash (3mln). Less actively, twelve million people played snooker or pool, seven million played darts and three million went fishing. ■ Watching other people playing is also a popular leisure activity: the favourite sports among TV viewers are football, horse-racing, snooker, cricket and tennis. But although millions watch the matches on TV, not so many regularly go to watch football matches. ‘New’ television sports like American football, basketball and even darts are attracting loyal armchair experts. ■ The fitness boom of the eighties led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports. To cater for this boom and provide the up-to-date facilities people want, over 1,500 private health and fitness clubs and the same number of public leisure centres have been built during the past twenty years. These modern centres, with their swimming pools (22 million people went swimming last year), squash courts, gyms and indoor courts for tennis and other sports, are competing with clubs, pubs and cinemas as places for people to go to spend their leisure time - and their money. Now practically every town has a leisure pool, often with a wave machine, water slides and tropical plants. Families can even spend their holidays at huge indoor water parks, where they can play or relax all day long in warmth and comfort without worrying about the weather outside. But this may not be helping us to get fitter: we may be becoming a nation of splashers, but not a nation of swimmers. The big question fitness experts are asking is: should sport be taken seriously or should it just be fun?
5.15 Fill the gaps in this chart with information from the article above. Number of people who took part in sports and leisure activities in the last year:
5.16 Answer these questions. 1 What is hobby? What kinds of hobbies do you know? 2 Have you got a hobby? If so, what is it? 3 Does your life become more interesting if you have a hobby? 4 How long have you had this hobby? 5 Is it an expensive hobby and why do you like it? 6 How much time do you spend on your hobby? 7 Will your hobby help you in your future life? 8 Is it a common hobby in your country? 9 Are you fond of playing computer games? 10 It is a matter of taste. How do you understand this proverb? 11 Have you chosen a hobby according to your character and taste? 12 What do you know about gardening? 13 What is the most popular hobby among Englishmen? 14 Are you fond of making things? 15 Do you know any hobbies of the famous people? 16 What can be collected? Have you ever collected anything? 17 Do you know of any private collections that were given to museum or art galleries? 18 Do you agree that learning can be the most exactly aspect of a hobby? Why? 19 You like cooking, don't you? What do you like to cook? 20 What do you want to be? 21 Name three other common hobbies in your country. ● Ask another person these questions.
5.17 Read and discuss the hobbies of famous people. 1. Michael Jackson was crazy about animals. Many of them travelled with Michael during his concert tours. He was also fond of travelling and Walt Disney films. He was a good rollerskater and excellent dancer. 2. Linda McCartney goes in for riding. She says; “If I’m lucky during the day I go for a ride on my stallion called Lucky Spot. He’s got a lovely temperament. Horse riding is a marvellous form of exercise, both physically and spiritually. One interest we share closely is football. We rarely get to see matches but we always watch it on television. Paul is a great Liverpool fan, so we support Liverpool. If I’m working or going out I have a woman in to do the cleaning. But I always do the cooking because I enjoy it. I cook for six every day.” 3. A classic example is Mikhail Lomonosov, an outstanding Russian scientist who made a great contribution to science, literature and art. A talented physicist and poet he made a mosaic panel depicting the Poltava Battle. 4. Dmitriy Mendeleyev, a great chemist, was a skilful bookbinder and also took pleasure in making suitcases. Once, when he came to a shop, the shopkeeper was asked “Who is that?” “Why, don’t you know? Everybody knows Mr. Mendeleyev, the famous suitcase-maker!” answered the shopkeeper. (bookbinder – переплетчик; suitcase – чемодан; skilful – искусный) 5. Nikolai Lobachevsky, a great mathematician, was Rector of Kazan University. He considered his main calling in life to keep and protect the University library. He personally selected and bought books for it and started a systematic catalogue, in 1842 there was a fire in Kazan in which over 1,300 buildings were burnt down. Lobachevsky was responsible for protecting the University building and saved the library books, while his flat was set on fire. (calling – призвание; fire – пожар; to burn (burnt) down – сгорать; responsible – ответственный). 6. Academician Alexander Arbuzov, a chemist, was also remarkably versatile. An expert glass-blower, he produced many of the devices used in experiments. The so-called Arbuzov’s bulb is now made at a factory near Kazan. When free of scientific work he was fond of playing the violin. (versatile – многосторонний; bulb – колба, лампа; violin – скрипка)
5.18 It’s interesting to read. UNUSUAL HOBBIES Tea Bag Covers I’m Geert Vinck, 29 years old and I live in Belgium. Since 5 years I collect teabags and now my collection exceeds 12000 teabags. Perhaps you think it’s strange to collect teabags, but if you take a look around, then you’ll see there are a lot of people collecting teabags. In Belgium and The Netherlands there are more then 200 people who share this hobby. I also exchange teabags with people from France, Germany, The Czech Republic, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Danemar, Sweden, Iceland, The United States of America, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Israël, etc. If you are also collecting teabags, and we haven’t exchanged yet, please let me know. I’m always looking for some new contacts. Of course I do something else then only collecting teabags. A lot of time I spend at the Red Cross community. I’m an active member of a team of nurses and ambulance people in the Antwerp region who will help people on big and / or risky events in the province Antwerp. We also give medical support to persons who are a victim of a disaster. To earn some money, I work as a nurse on an Intensive Care unit, something I really like to do. Elongated Coins Elongated coins (so-called because of their shape after they are rolled) are part of what's known as “exonumia” - that is, they fall outside the usual numismatic interests. But rest assured, if you have a few, a few hundred, or a few thousand of them, you are not alone! Founded in 1966 as a non-profit organization, The Elongated Collectors (TEC) now has over 650 members in several countries. Our purpose is to 1. encourage the study, acquisition, and exhibition of elongates and related items, 2. research and publish articles in TEC News and elsewhere, 3. assist new collectors, especially youth, and 4. promote the realistic and consistent valuation of elongates. Basically, we care for and foster interest in these marvelous souvenirs from every source and every era! If you love elongates, then TEC is the club for you! We gather for our annual meeting at the American Numismatic Association’s World of Money convention. In addition, many of our members gather throughout the year at ‘mini-meets’ in various parts of the country to visit with one another, compare collections, trade duplicates, and go on ‘squishin’ missions. And many of us also participate in various internet discussion groups, sharing our latest discoveries and helping each other out in any way we can. More information is available all over our website. We welcome any and all questions you have! Carving Egg Shells Egg art is one of the earliest forms of art. There is something fascinating about the shape of the egg, and the idea of making this into art. Many early civilizations regarded the egg as a fertility symbol and decorated it as part of their fertility rites. But modern man still values egg art, possibly because it has become ingrained in our nature, or because we are amazed that art can be made from something as fragile as an empty eggshell. Whatever the reason, there are many artists throughout the world that paint, decorate, and even carve shapes into eggshells. In a previous article, I discussed how to empty an eggshell and paint the surface. These tips are necessary because they make sure you are working with a surface that is free from diseases which are carried by birds. But after cleaning the egg and painting it, you may want to decorate it in other ways. Here are some tips that will help you learn to decorate your own egg art for Easter and other occasions. First, your eggshell will be much easier to work with if you lightly sand a small spot where the beads will be applied. Eggshells have a naturally smooth surface, and they need to be made rough so the glue can cling. Also, you will have much more luck with a two-part epoxy or superglue than normal craft glue. For things such as ribbon, fabric, or anything else where you would be able to see an epoxy behind the fabric, use a hot glue gun very lightly. These can be peeled off an eggshell, but using the sandpaper to rough up the edge will make it stick better. Another trick is to use a toothpick to pick up the beads and flatback crystals. Place the crystals with the right side facing down. Apply the glue to the back and then lightly touch the toothpick to the glue. Flip it over and transfer it to the eggshell. If you need to apply two-part epoxy, this can still be difficult, and you may need to use some large tweezers or needlenose pliers to hold the crystal still while you are applying the epoxy. Noodling For those of you not familiar, noodling is basically fishing with your hands. A noodler feels around the snake infested water with his hands and feet for a large hole. Then usually goes underwater to ram their fist down a catfish’s throat. The catfish (the largest of which can be 50-70lbs.), will latch on to the fisherman’s hand, trying to protect it’s comfy home. The noodler then has the task of dragging their catch (still latched onto their arm) out of the water and either onto shore, or into a boat. On the plus side, if they manage do all of this before they run out of air, and then retrieve their arm from the grip of the catfish’s many teeth… well, they’ve got dinner for a week. ● Do you know any unusual hobbies? What are they?
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 McCarthy Michael, O’Dell Felicity. English Vocabulary in Use. Upper-intermediate. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 2 Redman Stuart. English Vocabulary in Use. Pre-intermediate and Intermediate. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 3 Greenall S. Reward (Pre-intermediate) Student’s Book and Practice Book. Heineman, 2000. 4 Sharman Elizabeth. Across Cultures. Longman. 2004. 5 Латфуллина И.Д., Мельникова Л.В. Практикум по формированию навыков чтения и устной речи для студентов I-II курсов неязыковых факультетов. Часть II. Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 1998. 6 http://www.enhome.ru 7 http://www.ramnek.ru/index.html CONTENT
UNIT 1 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 1.1 Study the information and do the exercises after. Relatives (= members of your family) Your parents’ parents grandfather(s) / grandmother (s) Your parents’ brother and sister uncle(s) / aunt(s) Your aunt’s / uncle’s children cousin(s) The father and mother of the person you marry father-in-law / mother-in-law The brother and sister of the person you marry brother-in- law / sister-in-law Your brother’s / sister’s children nephew(s) / niece(s) If the person you marry dies, you are a ...widower / widow If your mother or father remarries, you have a ..stepfather / stepmother Talking about family and friends I’ve got two brothers and a sister. My brothers are twins (= two children born to one mother at the same time), and they are three years younger than me. I’m the oldest and take after my father (= I am similar to him in appearance and/or character). My sister takes after my father in some ways, but she looks like my mother (= her appearance is similar to my mother’s). We’re a close family (= we have a good relationship/see each other a lot). My best friend Pete is an only child (= without brothers or sisters); he spends a lot of time with us and he’s almost one of the family. Family names Your parents give you a first name, e.g. James and Sarah are common first names in Britain. Your family name, usually called your surname, is the one that all the family have, e.g. Smith and Jones. Your full name is all the names you have, e.g. Sarah Jane Smith. Changing times In some parts of the world, couples may live together but do not get married. In this relationship they often call each other their partner. Where the child or children live(s) with just one parent, especially after the parents have separated (= they don't live together any more), these are sometimes called single-parent families. Friends an old friend (= someone you have known for a long time) a close friend (= a good friend/someone you like and trust) your best friend (= the one friend you feel closest to) classmates (= other people in your class) flatmates (= people you share a house / flat with, who are not your family) colleagues (= people you work with; they may or may not be friends) We use Ex-for a relationship that we had in the past but do not have now: The children stay with my ex-husband at the weekend. I saw an ex-girlfriend of mine at the disco last night. 1.2 Look at the family tree and complete the sentences below. Albert + Mary Dodds
John + Susan Jill + Paul (died 2000) Barry + Sheila
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