Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian and comment on the words in bold type. Стр 1 из 2Следующая ⇒ MAY PERMISSION
We use may for permission (more formal than can).     Might is very polite and formal. N.B.:   We do not usually use may/might to talk about permission which has already been given or refused, or about rules and laws.    However, may and might can be used in indirect speech to report the giving of permission.   When may is grammatically impossible, use to be allowed.	You may begin. Ви можете починати . ‘ May I come in and wait? ’ ‘No, I’m afraid you may not.’ « Можна я зайду і почекаю?» «Ні, не можна». Might I use your phone?Не міг би я подзвонити по вашому телефону? I could/was allowed to read what I liked when I was a child. У дитинстві мені дозволяли читати все, що я хочу. Can you/Are you allowed to park on both sides of the road here? Тут дозволено паркуватися по обидві сторони дороги? The manager says that we may leave our coats downstairs. Менеджер каже, що ми можемо залишити пальто внизу. The manager said that we might leave our coats downstairs. Менеджер сказав, що ми можемо залишити пальто внизу. I want to be allowed to go to the party. Я хочу, щоб мені дозволили піти на вечірку.
OFFERS
We use may/might to offer to do things for people.	May I show you to the conference hall ? Я можу вас провести до зали засідань? Might I be of some assistance? Чи не міг би я вам чимось допомогти?
REQUESTS
We use may to ask people to do things.	May I trouble you for the salt?Можна мені передати с іль?
SUGGESTIONS
We use might to suggest ideas, plans.	You might call John and turn him for advice. Ти міг би подзвонити Джону і звернутись до нього за порадою.
CRITICISM
We use might+ simple/continuous infinitive to criticise people in the present time.   We use might + perfect infinitive to criticise people in the past time.	You might ask before you borrow my car. Ти міг би питати дозволу перш ніж брати мою машину.   She might have told me she was going to stay out all night. Вона могла б сказати, що  збиралась гуляти усю ніч.
WISHES AND HOPES
May is used in formal expressions of wishes and hopes.	May the New Year bring you all your heart desires ! Бажа ємо здійснення усіх мрій у Новому році! May God be with you! Бережи вас Бог!

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian and comment on the words in bold type.

1.‘Please may I use your laptop?’ ‘Feel free.’ 2. Tony wants to be allowed to stay up to watch a film. 3. He might have had the decency (ввічливість) to apologize. 4. May I open the window? 5. May I do that for you? 6. May I see your license and registration, ma’am? 7. Mummy, we want to be allowed to have a pajama party. 8. May the New Year bring you love and happiness! 9. ‘May I go?’ ‘No, you may not.’ 10. You can ’ t park here  – it’s private property. 11. I think you might at least offer to help! 12. You may start. 13. He says we m ay come in and look around. 14. Might I be of any assistance? 15. Hello, may I speak to Ken Griffey, please? 16. She might at least have called to explain. 17. We couldn’t eat in the classrooms. 18. The teacher said we might come in. 19. Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? 20. You might give me a lift home. 21. It is a fine tradition and long may it continue! 22. Might I borrow your pen? 23.We might have a walk before dinner. 24. Might I come in? 25. We might open a bank account to save enough to buy a small house.

FIXED EXPRESSIONS

MAY/MIGHT AS WELL

May/might as well can be used to suggest that someone should do something, because there is no good reason to do anything else.   Might as well is also used to compare one unpleasant situation with another. There’s nobody interesting to talk to. We may as well go home. Тут нема з ким поспілкуватися. Краще ми підемо додому.   You never listen. I might as well talk to a brick wall. Ти ніколи не слухаєш. З таким же успіхом я можу розмовляти з цегляною стіною.

AFTER ‘SO THAT’ OR ‘IN ORDER THAT’

We use may used after ‘so that’ or ‘in order that’ to say that someone does something in order to make something else possible. The hero sacrifices his life so that his friend may live. Герой жертвує своїм життям заради свого друга.

MAY/MIGHT… BUT

This expression is used to say that even though something is perhaps true, something different or opposite is also true. You may not like her, but you have to admit that she ’ s good at her job. Може вона тобі і не подобається, але ти мусиш визнати, що обов’язки вона свої виконує добре. The vacuum cleaner might be cheap, but it’s of poor quality. Може пилосос і недорогий, але він поганої якості.

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

An expression written at the beginning of a formal letter when you do not know the name of the person you want to communicate with or used, for example, at the beginning of a public notice or of a job reference about sb’s character and ability. To whom it may concern, I have been a devoted customer of your company for years. I am writing to complain about the unsatisfactory service that I received last week. Усім зацікавленим особам, Я вже багато років є постійним клієнтом вашої компанії. Я пишу, щоб поскаржитись на незадовільну послугу, яку мені надали минулого тижня.

PRESENT POSSIBILITY

MEANING/ FORM EXAMPLE/TRANSLATION   We use may in formal (academic, scientific) English to describe things which are generally possible in the present.   We use may/might to describe specific possibilities (the meaning is similar to ‘perhaps’ or ‘maybe’).   We use might in direct questions (rather formal). Over - prescribing of antibiotics may lead to complications . Приписування великої кількості антибіотиків може привести до ускладнень. Try his home number – he might just be there. Спробуй подзвонити йому додому, можливо, він там. Police believe that the man may be armed. B ut that may not be true. Поліція вважає, що чоловік може бути озброєний. Але це може бути неправдою. Might he be persuaded to come with us? Чи можливо його переконати піти з нами?  

PAST POSSIBILITY

We use might  in formal (academic, scientific) English to describe things which were generally possible in the past.     We use may/might + perfect infinitive to describe specific past possibilities.   We can use might + perfect continuous infinitive to talk about possible situations that went on over a period of past time.   We can use may/might + perfect continuous infinitive to focus on the present result.     We use might + perfect infinitive to describe unrealised specific past possibilities. May/might+ perfect infinitive can refer to the present (like present perfect).   Wealthy Victorian families might keep as many as a dozen indoor servants. Заможні родини часів королеви Вікторії могли утримувати до десятка чоловік домашньої прислуги. Well, I may have been wrong. Ну, можливо, я помилялась. I think I might have forgotten the tickets. Думаю, що я могла забути квитки.   David didn’t know where the ball was, but he thought his sister might have been playing with it before she left for school. Девід не знав де був м’яч, але він подумав, що його сестра могла ним гратися перед тим, як піти до школи. ‘How long have they been writing the test?’ ‘I’m not sure. They may have been writing it for an hour and a half.’ «Скільки часу вони пишуть тест?» «Я точно не знаю. Може вони його пишуть вже півтори години». You were stupid to climb the hills . You might have injured yourself. Було безглуздо з твого боку збиратися на гори. Ти міг поранитися.   I’ll try phoning him, but he may have gone to work by now. Я спробую йому подзвонити, але він може вже пішов на роботу.  

FUTURE POSSIBILITY

We use may/might for future possibilities.     We use might in direct questions. May/might+ perfect infinitive can refer to the future (like future perfect tenses).   It might snow this afternoon. Може сьогодні вдень буде сніг. My parents may come tomorrow. Можливо, завтра приїдуть мої батьки. Carrie might not want to go with us. Може Керрі не захоче до нас приєднатися. Might they finish the work tomorrow? Можуть вони закінчать роботу завтра? Call me next Tuesday. I might have finished the project by then. Подзвони мені у вівторок. Я може закінчу роботу над проектом до того часу.  

MAY

PERMISSION

We use may for permission (more formal than can).     Might is very polite and formal. N.B.:   We do not usually use may/might to talk about permission which has already been given or refused, or about rules and laws.    However, may and might can be used in indirect speech to report the giving of permission.   When may is grammatically impossible, use to be allowed. You may begin. Ви можете починати . ‘ May I come in and wait? ’ ‘No, I’m afraid you may not.’ « Можна я зайду і почекаю?» «Ні, не можна». Might I use your phone?Не міг би я подзвонити по вашому телефону? I could/was allowed to read what I liked when I was a child. У дитинстві мені дозволяли читати все, що я хочу. Can you/Are you allowed to park on both sides of the road here? Тут дозволено паркуватися по обидві сторони дороги? The manager says that we may leave our coats downstairs. Менеджер каже, що ми можемо залишити пальто внизу. The manager said that we might leave our coats downstairs. Менеджер сказав, що ми можемо залишити пальто внизу. I want to be allowed to go to the party. Я хочу, щоб мені дозволили піти на вечірку.

OFFERS

We use may/might to offer to do things for people. May I show you to the conference hall ? Я можу вас провести до зали засідань? Might I be of some assistance? Чи не міг би я вам чимось допомогти?

REQUESTS

We use may to ask people to do things. May I trouble you for the salt?Можна мені передати с іль?

SUGGESTIONS

We use might to suggest ideas, plans. You might call John and turn him for advice. Ти міг би подзвонити Джону і звернутись до нього за порадою.

CRITICISM

We use might+ simple/continuous infinitive to criticise people in the present time.   We use might + perfect infinitive to criticise people in the past time. You might ask before you borrow my car. Ти міг би питати дозволу перш ніж брати мою машину.   She might have told me she was going to stay out all night. Вона могла б сказати, що  збиралась гуляти усю ніч.

WISHES AND HOPES

May is used in formal expressions of wishes and hopes. May the New Year bring you all your heart desires ! Бажа ємо здійснення усіх мрій у Новому році! May God be with you! Бережи вас Бог!

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian and comment on the words in bold type.

1.‘Please may I use your laptop?’ ‘Feel free.’ 2. Tony wants to be allowed to stay up to watch a film. 3. He might have had the decency (ввічливість) to apologize. 4. May I open the window? 5. May I do that for you? 6. May I see your license and registration, ma’am? 7. Mummy, we want to be allowed to have a pajama party. 8. May the New Year bring you love and happiness! 9. ‘May I go?’ ‘No, you may not.’ 10. You can ’ t park here  – it’s private property. 11. I think you might at least offer to help! 12. You may start. 13. He says we m ay come in and look around. 14. Might I be of any assistance? 15. Hello, may I speak to Ken Griffey, please? 16. She might at least have called to explain. 17. We couldn’t eat in the classrooms. 18. The teacher said we might come in. 19. Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? 20. You might give me a lift home. 21. It is a fine tradition and long may it continue! 22. Might I borrow your pen? 23.We might have a walk before dinner. 24. Might I come in? 25. We might open a bank account to save enough to buy a small house.

12Следующая ⇒

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