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B. Adjectives ending in ly



Kinds of adverbs

Manner: (how) bravely, fast, happily, hard, quickly, well                                                                                                            Place: (where) by, down, here, near, there, up                                                                                                                       Time: now, soon, still, then, today, yet                                                                                                                                  Frequency ('how often'): always, never, occasionally, often, twice                                                                                         Sentence (It says something about the situation described in the sentence.): certainly, definitely, luckily, surely                                                                                                                                                                           Degree (makes the meaning weaker or stronger.): hardly, rather, quite, too, very                                                                                                                     Interrogative: when? where? why?                                                                                                                                     Relative: when, where, why

Form and use

The formation of adverbs with ly

A. Many adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives: final- finally, immediate- immediately, slow- slowly                                                                     

Spelling notes

(a) a final y changes to i: happy- happily, easy - easily

(b) a final e is retained before ly: extreme-extremely.
Exceptions: true, due, whole become truly, duly, wholly.

(c) adjectives ending in a consonant + le drop the e and add y: gentle- gently, simple- simply (comfortably, probably, reasonably, sensibly, terribly, etc.)

(d) ic -  ically, e.g. dramatic - dramatically (automatically, scientifically, etc. Exception: publicly )

 

Note good/well.

Good is an adjective. The adverb is well. The opposites are bad and badly.

· Your English is good.             But     You speak English well.

· Mary is a good pianist.           But      Mary plays the piano well.

· I had a bad night.                     But      I slept badly last night.

 

We use well (not “good) with past participles ( dressed/known etc)

e.g. Well-dressed, well-known, well-paid, well-educated

But well is also an adjective with the meaning ‘in good health’

‘How are you today? ’ ‘I’m very well, thanks’ (not ‘I’m very good’)

Good and well

I. Complete the conversation. Put in good, well (x2),  bad, badly and  ill.

Rachel:   How did you and Daniel get on in your tennis match?

Matthew: We lost. I'm afraid we didn't play very (► ) well. Daniel made some (1)………………..mistakes.

It wasn't a very (2)……………………..day for us. We played really (3)………………………….

Andrew: I heard Daniel's in bed at the moment because he isn't very (4)………………………
Matthew:  Yes, I'm afraid he's been (5)…………............................ for several days, but he's better now.



II. Put in good or well.

1. I play tennis but I’m not very good.                                         2. Your exams results were very ……………..                                         3. You did very …………. in your exams.                                          4. The weather was very ………………. while we were on holiday. 5. I didn’t sleep very …………..last night.                                               6. How are you? Are you ……………………?                                                                                                                      7. George speaks German very ……………..          8. George’s German is very…………………               9. Our new business is going very ………….at the moment.                                                              10. I like your jacket. It looks …………..on you. 11. I’ve met her a few times but I don’t know her very ………………….    

Keys. I.  1 bad 2 good 3 badly 4 well 5 ill II.  2. good. 3. well. 4. good. 5. well. 6. well. 7. well. 8. good. 9. well 10. good. 11. well.

                                                              

B. Adjectives ending in ly

 

daily, weekly, monthly etc., kindly and sometimes leisurely (не спеша; на досуге) can be adjectives or adverbs, but most other adjectives ending in ly, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely etc., cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb form. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase:

likely (adjective)    probably (adverb)

friendly (adjective)  in a friendly way (adverb phrase)                                                                                                 

 

C. Some adverbs have a narrower meaning than their corresponding adjectives or differ from them.

coldly, coolly, hotly, warmly are used mainly of feelings:

We received them coldly. (in an unfriendly way). They denied the accusation hotly. (indignantly – негодующе)

She welcomed us warmly. (in a friendly way). But warmly dressed = wearing warm clothes.

presently = soon: He'll be here presently

Keys.

1 in a friendly way 2. direct 3. rightly 4. lately 5. easily 6. straight 7. freely 8. high 9. deep 10. close 11. hardly 12. real 13. fast  

 

1 Adverbs

This is part of a story about a spy called X. Put in adverbs formed from these adjectives: bright, careful, fluent, immediate, patient, punctual, quiet, safe, secret, slow

The journey took a long time because the train travelled so (► ) slowly. It was hot, and the sun shone
(1) …………………………from a clear sky. X could only wait (2)………………………..for the journey to

end. When the train finally arrived, he had no time to spare, so he (3)………………………….took a taxi

to the hotel. Y was on time. She arrived (4)……………………….. at three. No one else knew about the

meeting - it was important to meet (5)............ ……………….. 'I had a terrible journey, ' said Y.

'But luckily the pilot managed to land (6).................. …………...' Her English was good,

and she spoke very (7) …………………........ X was listening (8)………………………..      to every word.

They were speaking very (9)................................  in case the room was bugged.

2 The ly ending

Look at the information in brackets and put in the adverbs. Be careful with the spelling.

►            (Emma's toothache was terrible.) Emma's tooth ached terribly.

1 (Henry was angry.) Henry shouted.............................................................................. at the waiter.

2 (I'm happy sitting here.) I can sit here......................................................................for hours.

3 (The switch is automatic.) The machine switches itself off.......................... …………………….

4 (The debate should be public.) We need to debate the matter................. ………………………..

5 (Everyone was enthusiastic.) Everyone discussed the idea ………………………………………

6 (We should be reasonable.) Can't we discuss the problem................ ……………………………...?

7 (The building has to be secure.) Did you lock all the doors.................. ……………………………..?

3 Adverb or adjective?

Decide what you need to say. End your sentence with an adverb ending in ly.

► Tell the police that you can't remember the accident. It isn't very clear in your mind.
I can’t remember the accident very clearly.

1 Tell your friend that United won the game. It was an easy win.

2 Tell your boss that you've checked the figures. You've been careful.

3 Tell your neighbour that his dog barked at you. It was very fierce.

4 You are phoning your friend. Tell him about the rain where you are. It's quite heavy.

4 Adverb or adjective?

Vicky is telling Rachel about a dream she had. Choose the correct forms.

l had a (► )strange/strangely dream last night. I was in a garden. It was getting (1) dark/darkly, and it was (2) terrible/terribly cold. My head was aching (3) bad/badly. I was walking out of the garden when (4) sudden/suddenly I saw a man. He was sitting (5) quiet/quietly on a seat. He seemed very(6) unhappy/unhappily. He looked up and smiled (7) sad/sadly at me. I don't know why, but I felt(8) curious/curiously about him. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn't think what to say. I just stood there (9) foolish/foolishly.

1 brightly    6 safely 2 patiently 7 fluently 3 immediately 8 carefully 4 punctually 9 quietly 5 secretly 1 angrily 5 enthusiastically 2 happily         6 reasonably 3 automatically    7 securely 4 publicly 1 United won the game easily. 2 I've/I have checked the figures carefully. 3 Your dog barked at me very fiercely. 4 It's/It is raining quite heavily (here). 1 dark     6 unhappy 2 terribly 7 sadly 3 badly      8 curious 4 suddenly 9 foolishly 5 quietly

Наречия deep и deeply:

Deep может выступать как в роли прилагательного, так и в роли наречия. Deeply – только наречие. Существует очевидная смысловая разница между наречиями deep и deeply. В двух словах разница – в следующем: Разберемся несколько подробнее.

Deep в качестве наречия может иметь следующие способы перевода: глубоко to breathe deep – глубоко дышать

He dug deep into the ground. – Он копал глубоко.

серьезно, сильно to growl deep – сильно рычать

The sword's blade hit his neck hard and deep. – Лезвие меча серьезно поранило его шею.

Deeply имеет следующее значение

очень, весьма глубоко (в переносном значении)

deeply concerned– весьма обеспокоен deeply involved – глубоко вовлечен

 That scientist was deeply respected. – Это был весьма уважаемый ученый.

Обратите внимание на следующие выражения с deeply: move deeply брать за сердце feel deeply прочувствовать             hurt deeply разобидеть drink deeply пить запоем bow deeply низко кланяться 



Вставьте deep или deeply.

1.The death of his friend affected him _________. 2.To find water, they had to dig ____________ into the ground. 3.The bullet penetrated ____________ inside Greg’s chest. 4.Fred was ____________ embarrassed. 5.Hannah was ____________ offended by what Rick said. 6.There is a lot more to Greg than one would think: still waters run ____________, as they say. 7. If the submarine went too ________, she could be cracked like an eggshell. 8.Wiping the tears from her face he looked _______ into her eyes. 9.Jamin bowed _________. 10. Bob was ________ interested in African gold shares

Наречия сlose и closely:

 Close может выступать как в роли прилагательного, так и в роли наречия. Closely – только наречие. Существует смысловая разница между наречиями close и closely.

Close в качестве наречия имеет следующие значения:

близко, под рукой, рядом close-set eyes – близко посаженные глаза

close to me – рядом со мной   Stay close to me. – Оставайся ближе ко мне.

He was following close behind. – Он следовал сразу за мной.

приблизительно, почти close to $3 million – почти 3 миллиона долларов

close to the edge – почти у края    

E-mail use by teenagers is close to 100 percent. – Почти все подростки пользуются электронной почтой.

коротко (о стрижке) to be cut close – быть коротко постриженным

Frank saw a thick man with a close beard. – Фрэнк увидел плотного мужчину с короткой бородой.

The comparison of adverbs

Put in the comparative form of these adverbs: carefully, early, easily, high, long, loud, often, smartly

? I was too nervous to go higher than halfway up the tower.

? We could have found the place more easily with a map.

 

1 Do you have to wear those old jeans, Mike? Can't you dress                                                   ……………………....?

2 You needn't go yet. You can stay a bit.........................................................

3 There are lots of break-ins. They happen......... ………………………….nowadays.

4 If you do it again.........................................................., you won't make so many mistakes.

5 The film starts at eight, but we should get to the cinema a few minutes………………………….

6 We can't hear. Could you speak a bit.................................... ………..?

Irregular forms

Matthew and Emma are walking in the country. Put in further, furthest, better, best, worse and worst.

Emma:   I'm not used to country walks. How much (► ) further is it?

Matthew: Not far. And it gets better. We've done the (1)                        …………………part. Look, the path gets

easier. It goes downhill from here. I hope you're feeling (2)………………………now, Emma.

Emma:   I feel dreadful, actually, (3) ………………………than before.

Matthew: Oh, dear. Do you want to have a rest?
Emma:   No, the (4) ……………………….thing would be to get home as soon as we can. I'm not very fit,

you know. This is the (5) ………………………I've walked for a long time.


Comparing quantities

Put in more, most, less (x2) and least.

 

Laura: Our new car is smaller, so it uses (► ) less petrol. They tested some small cars, and this one costs

the (1)……………………     to run of all the cars in the test. It's very economical, so Trevor likes

it. He wants to spend (2)........................................... on motoring.

Harriet: Can you get three people in the back?

Laura: Not very easily. We had (3)………………………... room in our old car. (4)……………………..

cars take five people, but not this one.

Kinds of adverbs

Manner: (how) bravely, fast, happily, hard, quickly, well                                                                                                            Place: (where) by, down, here, near, there, up                                                                                                                       Time: now, soon, still, then, today, yet                                                                                                                                  Frequency ('how often'): always, never, occasionally, often, twice                                                                                         Sentence (It says something about the situation described in the sentence.): certainly, definitely, luckily, surely                                                                                                                                                                           Degree (makes the meaning weaker or stronger.): hardly, rather, quite, too, very                                                                                                                     Interrogative: when? where? why?                                                                                                                                     Relative: when, where, why

Form and use

The formation of adverbs with ly

A. Many adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives: final- finally, immediate- immediately, slow- slowly                                                                     

Spelling notes

(a) a final y changes to i: happy- happily, easy - easily

(b) a final e is retained before ly: extreme-extremely.
Exceptions: true, due, whole become truly, duly, wholly.

(c) adjectives ending in a consonant + le drop the e and add y: gentle- gently, simple- simply (comfortably, probably, reasonably, sensibly, terribly, etc.)

(d) ic -  ically, e.g. dramatic - dramatically (automatically, scientifically, etc. Exception: publicly )

 

Note good/well.

Good is an adjective. The adverb is well. The opposites are bad and badly.

· Your English is good.             But     You speak English well.

· Mary is a good pianist.           But      Mary plays the piano well.

· I had a bad night.                     But      I slept badly last night.

 

We use well (not “good) with past participles ( dressed/known etc)

e.g. Well-dressed, well-known, well-paid, well-educated

But well is also an adjective with the meaning ‘in good health’

‘How are you today? ’ ‘I’m very well, thanks’ (not ‘I’m very good’)

Good and well

I. Complete the conversation. Put in good, well (x2),  bad, badly and  ill.

Rachel:   How did you and Daniel get on in your tennis match?

Matthew: We lost. I'm afraid we didn't play very (► ) well. Daniel made some (1)………………..mistakes.

It wasn't a very (2)……………………..day for us. We played really (3)………………………….

Andrew: I heard Daniel's in bed at the moment because he isn't very (4)………………………
Matthew:  Yes, I'm afraid he's been (5)…………............................ for several days, but he's better now.



II. Put in good or well.

1. I play tennis but I’m not very good.                                         2. Your exams results were very ……………..                                         3. You did very …………. in your exams.                                          4. The weather was very ………………. while we were on holiday. 5. I didn’t sleep very …………..last night.                                               6. How are you? Are you ……………………?                                                                                                                      7. George speaks German very ……………..          8. George’s German is very…………………               9. Our new business is going very ………….at the moment.                                                              10. I like your jacket. It looks …………..on you. 11. I’ve met her a few times but I don’t know her very ………………….    

Keys. I.  1 bad 2 good 3 badly 4 well 5 ill II.  2. good. 3. well. 4. good. 5. well. 6. well. 7. well. 8. good. 9. well 10. good. 11. well.

                                                              

B. Adjectives ending in ly

 

daily, weekly, monthly etc., kindly and sometimes leisurely (не спеша; на досуге) can be adjectives or adverbs, but most other adjectives ending in ly, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely etc., cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb form. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase:

likely (adjective)    probably (adverb)

friendly (adjective)  in a friendly way (adverb phrase)                                                                                                 

 

C. Some adverbs have a narrower meaning than their corresponding adjectives or differ from them.

coldly, coolly, hotly, warmly are used mainly of feelings:

We received them coldly. (in an unfriendly way). They denied the accusation hotly. (indignantly – негодующе)

She welcomed us warmly. (in a friendly way). But warmly dressed = wearing warm clothes.

presently = soon: He'll be here presently


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