Bartering Food for Food with No Increase between Them

50 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sulayman ibn Yasar said, " The fodder of the donkeys of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ran out and so he told his slave to take some of the family's wheat and buy barley with it, and to only take a like quantity."

51 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that Sulayman ibn Yasar told him that one time the fodder of the animals of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Aswad ibn 'Abd Yaghuth was finished so he said to his slave, " Take some of your family's wheat as food and buy barley with it, and take only a like quantity."

52 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the same as that from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ibn Mu'ayqib ad-Dawsi.

Malik said, " This is the way of doing things among us."

Malik said, " The generally agreed-on way of doing things among us is that wheat is not sold for wheat, dates for dates, wheat for dates, dates for raisins, wheat for raisins, nor any kind of food sold for food at all, except from hand to hand. If there is any sort of delayed terms in the transaction, it is not good. It is haram. Condiments are not bartered except from hand to hand."

Malik said, " Food and condiments are not bartered when they are the same type, two of one kind for one of the other. A mudd of wheat is not sold for two mudds of wheat, nor a mudd of dates for two mudds of dates, nor a mudd of raisins for two mudds of raisins, nor is anything of that sort done with grains and condiments when they are of one kind, even if it is hand to hand.

" This is the same position as with silver for silver and gold for gold. No increase is halal in the transaction, and only like for like, from hand to hand, is halal."

Malik said, " If there is a clear difference in food-stuffs which are measured and weighed, there is no harm in taking two of one kind for one of another, hand to hand. There is no harm in taking a sa' of dates for two sa's of raisins, and a sa' of wheat for two sa' sof ghee. If the two sorts in the transaction are different, there is no harm in two for one or more than that from hand to hand. If delayed terms enter into the sale, it is not halal."

Malik said, " It is not halal to trade a heap of wheat for a heap of wheat. There is no harm in a heap of wheat for a heap of dates, from hand to hand. That is because there is no harm in buying wheat with dates without precise measurement."

Malik said, " With kinds of foods and condiments that differ from each other, and the difference is clear, there is no harm in bartering one kind for another, without precise measurement from hand to hand. If delayed terms enter into the sale, there is no good in it. Bartering such things without precise measurement is like buying it with gold and silver without measuring precisely."

Malik said, " That is because you buy wheat with silver without measuring precisely, and dates with gold without measuring precisely, and it is halal. There is no harm in it."

Malik said, " It is not good for someone to make a heap of food knowing its measure and then to sell it as if it had not been measured precisely, concealing its measure from the buyer. If the buyer wants to return such food to the seller, he can, because he concealed its measure and it is an uncertain transaction. This is done with any kind of food or other goods whose measure and number the seller knows, and which he then sells without measurement and the buyer does not know that. If the buyer wants to return that to the seller, he can return it. The people of knowledge still forbid such a transaction."

Malik said, " There is no good in selling one round loaf of bread for two round loaves, nor large for small when some of them are bigger than others. When care is taken that they are like for like, there is no harm in the sale, even if they are not weighed."

Malik said, " It is not good to sell a mudd of butter and a mudd of milk for two mudds of butter. This is like what we described of selling dates when two sa's of kabis and a sa' of poor quality dates were sold for three sa's of 'ajwa dates after the buyer had said to the seller, 'Two sa's of kabis dates for three sa's of 'ajwa dates is not good, ' and then he did that to make the transaction possible. The owner of the milk puts the milk with his butter so that he can use the superiority of his butter over the butter of the other party to include his milk along with it."

Malik said, " Flour for wheat is like for like, and there is no harm in that. That is if he does not mix up anything with the flour and sell it for wheat, like for like. Had he put half a mudd of flour and half of wheat, and then sold that for a mudd of wheat, it would be like what we have described previously, and it would not be good because he would want to use the superiority of his good wheat to put flour along with it. Such a transaction is not good."

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