The Expulsion of the Jews from Madina

17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Isma'il ibn Abi Hakim that he heard 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz say, " One of the last things that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said was, 'May Allah fight the Jews and the Christians! They took the graves of their Prophets as places of prostration. Two deens shall not co-exist in the land of the Arabs.'"

[cf Bukhari 1265; also in Muslim]

18 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Two deens shall not co-exist in the Arabian Peninsula."

Malik said that Ibn Shihab said, " 'Umar ibn al-Khattab searched for information about that until he was absolutely convinced that the Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said, 'Two deens shall not co-exist in the Arabian Peninsula, ' and he therefore expelled the Jews from Khaybar."

[Bukhari and Muslim]

19 Malik said, " 'Umar ibn al-Khattab expelled the Jews from Najran (a Jewish settlement in the Yemen) and Fadak (a Jewish settlement thirty miles from Madina). When the Jews of Khaybar left they had none of the fruit nor the land. The Jews of Fadak had half the fruit and half the land because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had made a settlement with them for that. So 'Umar paid them the value in gold, silver, camels, ropes, and saddlebags of half the fruit and half the land, and handed the value over to them and then expelled them."

Concerning Madina

20 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in view of Uhud and said, " This is a mountain which loves us and we love it."

21 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim that Aslam, the mawla of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, informed him that he had visited 'Abdullah ibn 'Ayyash al-Makhzumi. He saw that he had some nabidh with him which he was taking to Makka at that moment. Aslam said to him, " 'Umar ibn al-Khattab loves this drink." 'Abdullah ibn 'Ayyash therefore carried a large drinking bowl and brought it to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and placed it before him. 'Umar brought it near to him and then raised his head and said, " This drink is good." 'Umar drank some of it and passed it to a man on his left. 'Abdullah turned to go. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab called him and asked, " Are you the person who says that Makka is better than Madina? " 'Abdullah said, " I said that it was the haram of Allah and His place of security and that His House was in it." 'Umar said, " I am not saying anything about the House of Allah or His haram." Then 'Abdullah left.

About the Plague

22 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from 'Abd al-Hamid ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab from 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Nawfal from 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab set out for Syria. When he was at Sargh, near Tabuk, the commanders of the army, Abu 'Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah and his companions, met him and told him that the plague had broken out in Syria. Ibn 'Abbas said that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, " Call the first Muhajirun to me." He assembled them and asked them for advice, informing them that the plague had broken out in Syria. They disagreed about what to do. Some said, " You have set out for something and we do not think that you should abandon it." Others said, " You have the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the rest of the people with you and we do not think that you should send them towards this plague." 'Umar said, " Leave me."

Then he said, " Summon the Ansar to me." They were summoned and he asked them for advice. They behaved as the Muhajirun had and disagreed just as they had disagreed previously. He said, " Leave me." Then he said, " Summon to me whoever is here of the aged men of Quraysh of the Muhajirun of the Conquest." They were summoned and not one of them differed. They said, " We think that you should withdraw the people and not send them towards the plague." 'Umar called out to the people, " I am leaving by camel in the morning, so you should do the same." Abu 'Ubayda said, " Is it flight from the decree of Allah? " 'Umar said, " Better that someone other than you had said it, Abu 'Ubayda. Yes, we flee from the decree of Allah to the decree of Allah. What would you think if these camels had gone down into a valley which had two slopes, one of them fertile and the other barren? If you pastured in the fertile part, wouldn't you pasture them by the decree of Allah? If you pastured them in the barren part, wouldn't you pasture them by the decree of Allah? "

'Abd ar-Rahman, who had been off doing something, arrived and he said, " I have some knowledge of this. I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If you hear about it in a land, do not go forward to it. If it comes upon a land where you are, then do not depart in flight from it.' " 'Umar praised Allah and then set off.

23 Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir and from Salim ibn Abi'n-Nadr, the mawla of 'Umar ibn 'Ubaydullah, that 'Amir ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas heard his father ask Usama ibn Zayd, " Have you heard anything from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about the plague? " Usama said, " The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The plague is a punishment which was sent down on a party of the tribe of Isra'il or whoever was before them. When you hear of it in a land, do not enter it. If it comes upon a land where you are, do not depart in flight from it.' "

Malik said that Abu'n-Nadir said, " That is, do not depart with no intention other than flight."

[cf Bukhari 3286; and in Muslim]

24 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amir ibn Rabi'a that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab set out for Syria. When he reached Sargh, near Tabuk, he heard that the plague had broken out in Syria. 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf told him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If you hear that a land has plague in it, do not advance to it. If it comes upon a land where you are, do not depart in flight from it.' " 'Umar ibn al-Khattab came back from Sargh.

25 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Salim ibn 'Abdullah that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab turned people back at Sargh according to the hadith of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf.

26 Yahya related to me that Malik said, " I heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, 'I prefer a night in Rukba (a valley near Ta'if) to ten nights in Syria.' "

Malik said, " He meant to lengthen and preserve their lives because of the severity of the plague in Syria."

The Decree

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