Birth of Devas, Daityas, Birds and Serpents etc.

Bhishma said:

1. O sire, tell me duly and in detail, about the birth of gods, demons and of the Gandharvas, serpents and goblins.

Pulastya spoke:

2. The creation in ancient times is said to be effected by volition, sight and touch; (but) the creation after Prā cetasa Daksha is effected by coitus.

3-4. Listen, O Kaurava, as to how he created (gods etc.): When he was creating groups of gods, sages and serpents, the world did not grow. So Daksha generated thousands of sons on his young maid-servant.

5-6. Seeing those magnanimous ones (i.e. Daksha's sons), desiring to create various kinds of beings, Nā rada said to Daksha's sons who approached him:

" O you best sages, knowing the entire measure of the earth up and down, you should (proceed to) create with discrimination."

7. Having heard these words, they went in all directions; and even now have not returned as rivers from the sea.

8. When Haryaś vas had disappeared, Daksha Prajā pati again produced a thousand sons on Vī rinī.

9-10. Those (sons) named Ś abalā ś va gathered in the act of creation. To them, who went after (i.e. approached) Nā rada, the sage told as before:

" Having known the entire extent of the earth, and coming back, you will especially undertake the creation."

11. They followed their brothers along the same path. Since then a younger brother does not desire (to follow) the path of the (elder) brother.

12-16. The one who follows, gets into trouble; therefore, one should avoid it. When they too disappeared, Prā cetasa Daksha Prajā pati generated sixty daughters on Vī rinī. He gave (in marriage) ten (daughters) to Dharma, and thirteen to Kaś yapa, twenty-seven to Soma, and four to Aristanemi, two to Bhrigu's son, two to intelligent Krś ā ś va, and gave two to Aiigiras. Hear in detail the names of these mothers of gods and the expanse of mankind from the beginning: Arundhatī, Vasu, Jā mī, Lambā, Bhā nu, Marutvatī, Sań kalpā, Muhū rtā, Sā dehyā, nd the beautiful Viś vā.

17. These are known to be the wives of Dharma. Know from me their sons; Viś vedevas were (the sons) of Viś vā, and Sā dhyā gave birth to Sā dhyas.

18. Marutvā ns were born of Marutvatī, and Vasavas of Vasu; Bhā nus of Bhā nu and Muhū rtajas of Muhū rtā.

19. Those known as Ghosa were born of Lambā and Nā gavī thī s were born of Jā mī. Prthvī tala and Sambhū ta were born of Arundhatl.

20-23. Samkalpas were born of Sariikalpā. Understand (now) the progeny of Vasu. Gods, bright and pervading all quarters, are called Vasus. Hear their names from me: Apa, Dhruva, Soma, Dhara, Anila, Anala, Pratyū sa and Prabhā sa are known as the eight Vasus. Apa had four sons: Ś rā nta, Vaitanda and Ś ā nta and the sage Babhru — (they were) the officers protecting the sacrifice. Kā la was the son of Dhruva, and Varcas was born from Soma.

24-25. Dravina and Havyavā ha — these two are said to be the sons of Dhara. Hari's sons were: Kalpā ntastha and Prā na, Ramana and also Ś iś ira, as well as the charming Dhava and Ś iva. Ś iva obtained a son, having the mind's speed and giving (causing) unknown speed.

26. Anala also obtained sons like Ś ā kha, Viś ā kha — self-existent in (supreme authorities on? ) the Vedas — having mostly the qualities of fire.

27. Then Kā rtikeya was known to be the child of the Krttikā s. Rbhu, Muni and Devala were the sons of Pratyū sa.

28-34. Viś vakarmā Prajā pati was the son of Prabhā sa. He was an architect (skilled) in (fashioning) palaces, houses, gardens, images, ornaments, lakes, parks and wells; he also was the carpenter of gods. Ajaikapā da, Ahirbudhnya, Virū pā ksa, Raivata, Hara, Bahurū pa, Tryambaka the lord of gods, Sā vitra, Jayanta, Pinā kin, and Aparā jita — these eleven, the lords of (Shiva's) attendants, are called Rudra. These mind-born ones and holders of tridents are said to have eightyfour crores of imperishable sons, who, being the principal attendants in all the directions, protect; these are the sons and grandsons born from the womb of Surabhi. I shall name the sons and grandsons of Kaś yapa's wives: Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arista, Surasā, Surabhi, Vinatā, Tā mrā, Krodhavaś ā, Irā, Kadrū, Khasā, and Muni.

35-39. Hear now the (names of the) sons born from them: Those gods who were known as Tusita in the period of Cā ksusa Manu were known as the twelve Ā dityas in the Vaivasvata period. Indra, Dhā tā, Bhaga, Tvastā, Mitra, Varuna, Aryaman, Vivasvā n, Savitā, Pū san, Amś umā n, and Vishnu — these twelve are thousand-rayed Adityas. From Kaś yapa, the son of Marlca, were born the sons of Aditi. The sons of the sage Krś ā ś va are known as Devapraharana. These groups of gods, O dear one, are born and perish in the Manu-periods and in each Kalpa.

40. We have heard that Diti got two sons, Hiranyakaś ipu and Hiranyā ksa, from Kaś yapa.

41. Similarly, four sons were born from Hiranyakaś ipu: Prahlā da, Anuhlā da, Samhlā da, and Uhlā da.

42. The sons of Prahlā da were Ayusmā n, Ś ibi, andBā skali. The fourth son was Virocana by name. He got a son named Bali.

43. O king, Bali had a hundred sons with Bā na as the eldest; and also Dhrtarā stra, Sū rya, Vivasvā n and Arń ś utā pana.

44. Nikumbha, Nā mā gu, Vaksa, Kuksi, Bhauma, and Bhisana were many other (sons): but the eldest, viz. Bā na was preeminent in virtues.

45-47. Bā na had a thousand arms, and was endowed with excellence (in the use) of all missiles; and in his city the Trident-holder, pleased by his (i.e. Bā na's) penance lived, and his being the destroyer (Mahā kā la) of the world became significant. Hiranyā ksa's son was Andhaka by name. And Bhū tasantā pana, and Mahā nā ga also were (his sons). From these were born seventyseven crores of sons and grandsons.

48. They were very powerful, had gigantic bodies and many forms and were very vigorous. From Kaś yapa, Danu obtained a hundred sons proud of boons.

49-53. Among them Vipracitti, of great power, was the chief. (Others were) Dvirastamū rdhā, Ś akuni, Ś ań kuś irodhara, Ayomukha, Ś ambara, Kapila, Vā mana, Marī ci, Mā gadha, and l l.iri. Gajaś iras, Nidrā dhara, Ketu, Ketuvlrya Taś akratu, IiHlramitragraha, Vrajanā bha, Ekavastra, Mahā bā hu, Vajrā ksa, Tā raka, Asiloman, Puloman, Vikurvā na, Mahā pura, Svar-I bhā nu, and Vrsaparvan — these and others were also Danu's sons. Suprabhā was Svarbhā nu's daughter, and Ś acī was the daughter of Puloman.

54. Maya's daughters were Upadā navī, Mandodarī and Kuhū. Vrsaparvan's daughters were Sarmisthā, Sundari and Candā.

55. Pulomā and Kā lakā were the two daughters of Vaiś -vā nara; Mā rī ca's very spirited wife had many children.

56. From the two, sixty thousand Dā navas were born in olden times; Mā rī ca generated the Paulomas and Kā lakhañ jas.

57. They, living in Hiranyapura, having obtained a boon from Brahma, were incapable of being killed by men, but were killed by Arjuna.

58-60. Vipracitti begot nine sons on Sirhhikā. Hiranyaka-ś ipu's sister's sons were thirteen: Karhsa, Ś arhkha, Rā jendra, Nala, Vā tā pi, Ilvala, Namuci, Khasrma, Añ jana, Naraka, Kā lanā bha, Paramā nu and the well-known Kalpavī rya, who exalted Danu's race.

61-63. In the family of the demon Samhlā da, (were) born the Nivā takavacas, incapable of being killed by all gods, Gandh-arvas, serpents and fiends, (but) who were killed in battle by Arjuna resorting to power. From the semen of Mā rlca, Tā mrā gave birth to six daughters: Ś ukī, Ś yenī, Bhā sī, Sugtdhrī, Grdhrikā and Ś ucī. Ś ukI lawfully gave birth to parrots and owls.

64. Ś yenī gave birth to hawks and Bhā sī to ospreys, Grdhrī to vultures and Sugrdhrī to birds like pigeons.

65-67. Ś ucī gave birth to swans, cranes and ducks. These are said to be the sons of Tā mrā. Listen to (the names of the offspring) ofVinatā: Garuda, the best among birds, and Aruna, the lord of birds, and daughter Saudā minī well-known in the sky. Sampā ti and Jatā yu were the two sons of Aruna; Sampā ti's son was Babhru, who was swift and very well-known.

68. Jatā yu's famous sons were Karnikā ra and Ś atagā min. From them innumerable sons and grandsons of birds were born.

69. A thousand serpents were formerly born on Surasā. Kadrū, of a good vow, obtained a thousand (sons), the Nā gas.

70-74. Of them, O subduer of enemies, twentysix prominent ones are famous: Ś esa, Vā suki, Karkota, Sań kha, Airā vata, Kam-bala, Dhanañ jaya, Mahā nī la, Padma, Aś vatara.Taksaka, Elā patra, Mahā padma, Dhrtarā stra, Balā haka, Ś ań khapā la, Mahā ś ań kha, Puspadamstra, Ś ubhā nana, Ś ań kha, Romā ca, Nahusa, Ramana, Panina, Kapila, Durmukha, and Patañ jali. These had innumerable sons and grandsons, who were mostly burnt in the abode of Janamejaya. Krodhavaś ā gave birth to the well-known group of demons.

75-76. A lakh of these snakes perished at the hands of Bhī masena. From Kaś yapa Surabhi formerly gave birth to snakes, jackals, crows etc. and the triad of buffaloes, cows and excellent ladies. Similarly, Muni gave birth to a group of sages and of the celestial nymphs.

77. In the same, way, Arista gave birth to many Kinnaras and Gandharvas; Irā created all the grass, trees and clumps of creepers.

78. Khasā gave birth to crores of Yaksas and demons. These hundreds and thousands are Kaś yapa's relatives.

79. O Bhī sma, this is known to be the creation in the Manu-period named Svā rocisa. Then, O you, conversant with religious law, Diti gave birth to fortynine Maruts, all dear to gods.

 

CHAPTER SEVEN

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