What are my legal rights?

Under the Equality Act 2010 it's unlawful for an employer to discriminate against you because of your sex. Sex discrimination law covers almost all workers (men and women) and all types of organisations in the UK. It covers:

• Recruitment
• Employment terms and conditions
• Pay and benefits
• Training
• Promotion and transfer opportunities
• Redundancy
• Dismissal

The Employment Act 2002 promoted flexible working. Parents of children under five have the right to ask for flexible working and their employer must consider such requests seriously, although they do not have to be granted.

To enforce the laws against discrimination, complainants must take their cases to Employment Tribunals. Anyone considering making a claim needs to gain advice and representation from bodies such as the Equality and Human Rights Commission, Citizens Advice Bureaux, trades unions and law centres..

17) The concept of social security.

 Social security is a concept enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states, Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignityand the free development of his personality. In simple terms, the signatories agree that society in which a person lives should help them to develop and to make the most of all the advantages (culture, work, social welfare) which are offered to them in the country.^[1]

Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children, the elderly, the sick and the unemployed. Services providing social security are often called social services.

Terminology in this area in the United States is somewhat different to that in the rest of the English-speaking world. The general term for an action program in support of the well being of the population in the United States is welfare program and the general term for all such programs is simply welfare. In American society, the term welfare arguably has negative connotations. The term Social Security, in the United States, refers to a specific social insurance program for the retired and the disabled.

Social security may refer to:

• social insurance, where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program. These services typically include provision for retirementpensions, disability insurance, survivor benefits and unemployment insurance.
• services provided by government or designated agencies responsible for social security provision. In different countries, that may include medical care, financial support during unemployment, sickness, or retirement, health and safety at work, aspects of social work and even industrial relations.
• basic security irrespective of participation in specific insurance programs where eligibility may otherwise be an issue. For instance assistance given to newly arrived refugees for basic necessities such as food, clothing, housing, education, money, and medical care.

18) The making, modification and termination of employment relations.

The basic subject matter of labour law can be considered under nine broad heads: employment; individual employment relationships; wages and remuneration; conditions of work; health, safety, and welfare; social security; trade unions and industrial relations; the administration of labour law; and special provisions for particular occupational or

other groups.

Employment considered as a basic concept and category of labour law is a relatively recent development. Prior to the Great Depression and World War II the emphasis was upon the prevention or reduction of excessive unemployment rather than upon long-term employment policy as part of a comprehensive scheme to promote economic stability and growth. The new approach, arising from changes in political outlook and contemporary economic thought, has increasingly found expression in legal provisions that establish the creation of employment opportunities as a general objective of policy. To this end, legislation has established the necessary legal framework for the forecasting of manpower needs and availability and the provision of employment services including placement, recruitment, vocational training, and apprenticeship. Freedom from forced labour, equality of treatment in employment and occupation, and unemployment benefits may, in a broad sense, be regarded as part of the same general subject.

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