Pretensions - (often pl) a claim to possess  

Premise - a statement or idea on which reasoning is based.

To abdicate - to give up officially (an official position, esp. that of king or queen);

To propound - to put forth for consideration or discussion; to propose.

To entitle - to give a right to.

To exact (from) - to demand and obtain by force, threats, etc.

Concession - granted rights or privileges.

To thrash out - to produce by much talk and consideration.

To mimic - to copy.

Tenure - term of office.

Legacy (of) - something passed on or left behind by someone or something.

Reluctant, -ly - unwilling, -ly.

Franchise - the right to vote at an election.

b) Use the words from Active Vocabulary to complete the following sentences; translate the sentences:

1) Without some additional principle, majoritarian democracy... the majority to oppress the minority.

2) The format of legal writing is generally as follows: statement, statement, question, or in other words, ... , ... , conclusion (followed by a question mark).

3) Edward VIII succeeded his father George V in January 1936, but ... in the face of opposition to his proposed marriage to Mrs Ernest Simpson, a commoner who had been twice divorced.

4) Medieval monarchs could not ... absolute obedience from their subjects.

5) This argument is ... by many legal philosophers.

6) Universal ... came to be an important step in developing modern democracies.

7) ...-ing a hypothetical question to an expert is necessary before the expert may render an opinion.

8) Designing a … system of ethical accountability is unlikely to be a policy priority for senior ministers or officials, where risks and pitfalls may outweigh any political benefits.

9) In 1674, a Bill to grant judges a measure of independence, by confirming their … and regulating their salaries, was defeated in the Commons “by a number of backbenchers who were normally no friends of the monarchy, but who feared that the judges would evolve into a separate species of political man, accountable to nobody.”

10) Parliament … (and the Government even more …) agrees to amend the HRA to permit courts to quash any part of an Act of Parliament that does not meet the Convention right requirements.

11) "As a literary work the Theodosian Code has a dismal reputation as some quaestors possessed an elegant, powerful, or agreeably ornate style. Against these may be set others with literary … whose prose is ponderous or marred by excessive alliteration, assonance, or fondness for technical terms, or whose compositions are in other ways inept." (Tony Honore, Law in the Crisis of the Empire).

12) The US courts are assured independence through good behavior … and security of compensation, and the judges through judicial review will check the other two branches.

13) At Westminster the semi-reformed House of Lords is much more assertive, defeating the government on average 50 times per year, with many defeats resulting in significant policy … .

14) Senator Thompson … this theory in arguing that ‘‘abuse of power’’ is too narrow a category to encompass all forms of subversion of government that should be grounds for removal.

15) In Harris v. Nelson, 394 U.S. 286 (1969), the Court found statutory authority in the ‘‘All Writs Statute’’ for a habeas corpus court to … interrogatories.

16) Ministers’ public criticism of particular judges and judgments can be traced back to Michael Howard’s … at the Home Office during the mid-1990s, when the Government was subject to a series of defeats in the courts in relation to the lawfulness of policy.

17) After the extension of the … , the principal justification for the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty was Parliament's democratic function of expressing the will of the people.

18) In dissent, Justice Rehnquist … a doctrine which was to obtain majority approval in League of Cities.

19) The UK judiciary have historically been very … to give effect to unincorporated international treaties within domestic law, even the core UN human rights treaties.

20) As late as Williams v. Bruffy, 102 U.S. 248 (1880), the concepts were again … with the refusal of a Virginia court to enforce a mandate of the Supreme Court.

TASK II Match the verbs and the nouns to make up sentences with them:

1) To break

2) To abuse

To propound

4) To design/to work out

5) To avoid     

6) To restore

7) To reach               

8) To dissolve/to summon

9) To preserve  

10) To exercise           

11) To override

12) To lay down

13) To confer

14) To exact

15) To fill

16) To crush

17) To ratify

A) rights

B) concessions

C) the acts

D) support

E) Parliament

F) the vacuum

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