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Vladimir Dal

Dal's portrait by Vasily Perov
Born	November 10, 1801 Luhansk, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	Moscow, Russian Empire September 22, 1872(1872-09-22) (aged 70)
Fields	Lexicography
Known for	Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language

 

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (alternatively transliterated as Dal; November 10, 1801 – September 22, 1872) was one of the greatest Russian language lexicographers. He was a founding member of the Russian Geographical Society. He knew at least six languages including Turkic and is considered to be one of the early Turkologists. During his lifetime he compiled and documented the oral history of the region that was later published in Russian and became part of modern folklore.

Early life

His father was a Danish physician named Johan Christian von Dal (1764 – October 21, 1821). He was a linguist versed (well-informed) in German, English, French, Russian, Yiddish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages. His mother, Maria Freitag, was of German and French descent (происхождение). She spoke at least five languages and came from a family of scholars (ученый).

The future lexicographer was born in the town of Lugansky Zavod, in Novorossiya under the jurisdiction of Yekaterinoslav Governorate, part of Russian Empire, which is now Luhansk, Ukraine.

Dahl's house and museum in Luhansk, Ukraine.

Novorossiya was part of Russian colonization, where Russian was imposed as a common language in cities, but the Ukrainian remained prevalent (распространенный) in smaller towns, villages, and rural areas outside the immediate control of colonization. On the outskirts, the ethnic composition varied and included such nationalities as Ukrainians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, Tatars, and many others. Dal grew up under the influence of this various ethnic mixture of people and cultures.

Dal served in the Russian Navy (военно-морской флот) from 1814 to 1826, graduating from the St Petersburg Naval Cadet School in 1819. In 1826, he began studying medicine at Dorpat University and took part as a military doctor in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) and the campaign against Poland in 1831–1832. Following disagreement with his superiors (начальники), he resigned (подать в отставку) from the Military Hospital in St. Petersburg and took an administrative position with the Ministry of the Interior (внутренние дела) in Orenburg Governorate (губерния), serving in similar positions in St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod before his retirement in 1859.

Dal was interested in language and folklore from his early years. He started traveling by foot through the countryside, collecting sayings and fairy tales in various Slavic languages from the region. He published his first collection of fairy-tales in 1832 in Russian language. Some others, yet unpublished, were put in verse (в стихах) by his friend Alexander Pushkin, and have become some of the most familiar texts in the Russian language. After Pushkin's fatal duel, Dahl was summoned (позвать) to his deathbed and looked after the great poet during the last hours of his life. In 1838, he was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Lexicographic studies

He continued his lexicographic studies and extensive travels throughout the 1850s and 1860s. Having no time to edit his collection of fairy tales, he asked Alexander Afanasyev to prepare them for publication, which followed in the late 1850s. Joachim T. Baer wrote:

He was interested in the wealth of the Russian language, and he began collecting words while still a student in the Naval Cadet School. Later he collected and recorded fairy tales, folk songs, birch bark woodcuts (гравюры по дереву), and accounts of superstitions, beliefs, and prejudices of the Russian people. His industry in the sphere of collecting was prodigious (удивительный).

His magnum opus (труд всей жизни), Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language, was published in four huge volumes in 1863–1866. The Sayings and Bywords (поговорки) of the Russian people, featuring more than 30,000 entries (записи), followed several years later. Both books have been reprinted innumerable number of times.

His dictionary began to have a strong influence on literature at the beginning of the 20th century; in his 1911 article "Poety russkogo sklada" (Poets of the Russian Mold), Maximilian Voloshin wrote:

The discovery of the verbal riches (богатство) of the Russian language was for the reading public like studying a completely new foreign language. Both old and popular Russian words seemed gems (жемчужины, драгоценности) for which there was absolutely no place in the usual ideological practice of the intelligentsia, in that habitual verbal (словесный) comfort in simplified speech, composed of international elements.

While studying at Cambridge, Vladimir Nabokov bought a copy of Dahl's dictionary and read at least ten pages every evening, "jotting down (записывать) such words and expressions as might especially please me"; Alexander Solzhenitsyn took a volume of Dahl with him as his only book when he was sent to the prison camp at Ekibastuz. The encompassing (окружающая) nature of Dahl's dictionary gives it critical linguistic importance even today, especially because a large proportion of the dialectal vocabulary he collected has since passed out of use. The dictionary served as a base for Vasmer's Etymological dictionary of the Russian language, the most comprehensive Slavic etymological lexicon.

For his great dictionary Dahl was honoured by the Lomonosov Medal and honorary fellowship (товарищество) in the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is interred (хоронить) at the Vagankovskoye Cemetery in Moscow. To mark the 200th anniversary of Vladimir Dahl's birthday, UNESCO declared the year 2000 The International Year of Vladimir Dahl.

Legacy

· In 1986 a museum in Moscow, Russia, was opened in honor of Vladimir Dal.

· In Luhansk, the home of Vladimir Dahl, has been converted into a Literary Museum where the employees managed to collect the lifetime editions of Dahl's complete literary works.

· In 2001, a Luhansk University was named after Vladimir Dahl, the East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University.

 

OUR UNIVERSITY

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

to be successful – быть успешным

an integral part of success – неотъемлемая часть успеха

to influence – влиять

to change ones views – менять взгляды

competitive – конкурентоспособный

a qualified specialist – квалифицированный специалист

a skilful professional – умелый профессионал

explanatory dictionary

higher educational establishment

Great Patriotic War – Великая Отечественная Война

to provide training for foreign students – предоставлять обучение иностранным студентам

department – отделение

to get Bachelor’s degree – получить степень бакалавра

Master’s degree - степень магистра

full-time department – дневное отделение

correspondence department – заочное отделение

teaching staff- преподавательский состав

experienced – опытный

inspiration – вдохновение  

to create an atmosphere – создать атмосферу

to feel successful – чувствовать себя успешным

term of instruction – срок обучения

a post-graduate course – аспирантура

to do research work – заниматься исследовательской работой

research activity – исследовательская деятельность

to take an active part in – принимать активное участие

to be awarded – быть награжденным

higher education system – система высшего образования

Grand Prix – гран-при

facilities for studying – средства для обучения

moral qualities – нравственные качества

communicative skills – навыки общения

creativity – творчество

emotional empowerment – эмоциональное раскрепощение

artistic imagination – артистическое воображение

excellent opportunity – превосходная возможность

playacting skills - актерские способности 

stage manager skills – режиссерские способности

physical education – физическое воспитание

team – команда

to glorify – прославлять

to improve language skills - улучшать языковые навыки

to obtain a valuable insight into foreign culture – получить ценную информацию об иностранной культуре

intercultural understanding – межкультурное понимание

flexible – гибкий, уступчивый

responsible – ответственный

creative – творческий

confident – уверенный

well-organized – хорошо организованный

reliable – надежный

university degreе – диплом о высшем образовании

computer skills – компьютерные навыки

to be fluent in - свободно владеть

hard-working - трудолюбивый

goal-oriented – целенаправленный

sound knowledge – прочные знания

to be genuinely interested in – искренне интересоваться

a real challenge to your character – настоящий вызов характеру

softball – софтбол, командная игра с мячом б разновидность бейсбола.

wrestling – борьба (вольная борьба и элементы дзюдо)

empowerment – доверенность, полномочие

 

To begin with we can hardly imagine our life without education. It plays an important role in the life of society. It helps people to be successful in their life: in their families, in their careers. Education is an integral part of success. It is so pleasant to enjoy the taste of it. Education influences the way people look at the world and makes them change their views. The job market is getting more and more competitive. In order to be successful you should be a qualified specialist, a skilful professional in your sphere.

Now I am a first-year student at Lugansk National University named after V. Dal. This university is one of the most prestigious educational institutions of our country. It was founded in 1920, and in 2001 it was named after Vladimir Dal, the greatest Russian language lexicographer, the author of Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language. The University was the first higher educational establishment in which specialists in machine-building were trained. During the Great Patriotic War the institute was evacuated to Omsk (Russia). There it became the basis for the foundation of Omsk State Technical University.

Nowadays the University has IV level accreditation with such faculties as Philology and Mass Communication, Electrotechnical Systems, Computer Systems and Information Technology, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, the Faculty of Jurisprudence and International Law, the Institute of Economics and Finances, Philosophy and Sociopolitical Sciences, Transport and Logistics, the Institute of Technology and Engineering Mechanics etc.

The University provides training for foreign students. Students of the departments can get Bachelor’s degree, become specialists or receive Master’s and Doctor’s degrees at different departments.

The teaching staff includes doctors and candidates of science, professors and many experienced and highly qualified instructors. They are a great inspiration for students. They are not only authority figures, but also friends to their students. They try to create the atmosphere where students will enjoy learning and feel successful. The rector of the University is … .

The term of instruction is four or five years. Graduates become specialists and get Bachelor or Master Degree according to the chosen course. There is a post-graduate course for the students who do some research work.

The University takes an active part in student exchange programs, various research activities, scientific studies and international conferences. Dal university was awarded an honorary title “The Leader of Modern Education” for innovative pedagogical activities in modernization of education (2010). Our University was awarded a gold medal for the activities in improving the quality of preparing specialists. It was awarded a diploma for the active work in modernization of higher education system. For scientific developments the university was awarded a Grand Prix of the International Salon “Archimed”.

Our students have all the facilities for studying: lecture halls, labs, computer centers, a library and reading halls. Students take part in scientific conferences, do research work, do experiments, and work in the design bureau.

The University provides all necessary equipment for improving physical and sport culture. The students successfully form their professionalism due to physical education. There are 17 kinds of sports activities in students’ sports club. More than 950 students are the members of 7 university national teams, practice in sports sections. Our students glorify their Alma Mater in softball competitions, chess, basketball, baseball, football, swimming, weightlifting, tennis, arm wrestling, powerelifting, aerobics, etc. 26 students won sports awards in 2017.

The effective way to develop moral qualities and communicative skills, to make the atmosphere of creativity, emotional empowerment and artistic imagination is a student theatre at the university. The students have an excellent opportunity to demonstrate their playacting and stage manager skills.

There is a museum at our University. The museum was founded in 1999 to tell about the history of Dal University to students, schoolchildren, university staff and guests of the city.

The scientific library of Dal University is a modern dynamic center. It is the information base for scientific research work. It is the guarantor of preserving a culture heritage and forming the information culture of students.

Our students may take part in the programme "Work and Travel". It’s an excellent opportunity for students to improve their foreign language skills for social purposes, for business and studying, to communicate with people, to obtain a valuable insight into foreign culture and working practices, to learn traditions, customs of foreign country as we feel that intercultural understanding is extremely important nowadays, and, of course, to enrich their inner world.

 Well, what qualities are extremely important for our future profession? So, today companies require and appreciate people who are flexible, responsible, creative, confident, well-organized, reliable. You should have university degree, excellent communication and computer skills, be fluent  in foreign languages. Companies need highly qualified, energetic, creative, hard-working, goal-oriented and experienced people with business sense. Excellent verbal and written communication skills, business writing skills are an absolute requirement. You should be a real professional with sound knowledge, experience and competence in your field. You must be genuinely interested in what you are doing. It is not easy and a real challenge to your character, abilities and talent.

 

 

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