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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Major Historical Figures Discussed ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 5 из 5
Because the chapters are aimed at an interdisciplinary audience and because they treat many figures who are not well known, we offer a brief guide to the main dra- matis personae, asking scholars’ indulgence for including, as well, the obvious. No attempt is made to give full biographies, especially for well-known figures.
Achilles Tatius (active c. 150 c.e.). Greek novelist who lived at Alexandria, author of Leucippe and Cleitophon. Aeschines (c. 397– c. 322 b.c.e.). Athenian orator, whose speech “Against Timarchus” provides important evidence for sexual norms and practices of the period. Aeschylus (c. 525– c. 456 b.c.e.). Athenian tragic poet. Aristophanes (probably b. between 460 and 450, d. c. 386 b.c.e.). Athenian comic poet. Aristotle (384/3–322 b.c.e.). Philosopher, born in Stagira, active both in Athens and in Asia Minor. Catullus, Gaius Valerius (c. 84– c. 54 b.c.e.). Roman lyric poet. Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280–207 b.c.e.). Third head of the Stoa, after Zeno and Cleanthes; he succeeded Cleanthes in 232. Evidently one of the greatest phi- losophers of antiquity, he more or less invented propositional logic and the philosophy of language, and he made important contributions in every area of the subject. Only fragments of his works survive. appendix
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106– 43 b.c.e.). Roman statesman, orator, philoso- pher, and poet (he would hardly have wanted even the briefest summary to omit the last of these occupations). Cleanthes of Assos (c. 331– c. 230 b.c.e.). Second head of the Stoic school, be- ginning in 262/261. Formerly a boxer, he seems to have been less intellectu- ally original than his predecessor, Zeno, and his successor, Chrysippus. We have a long fragment of his Hymn to Zeus. Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens) (c. 150–211/16 c.e.). Convert to Christianity, bishop, leading Christian thinker and writer, strongly influ- enced by Greek philosophy and particularly by Stoicism. Dio Chrysostom (also known as Dio Cocceianus and Dio of Prusa; Chry- sostom, “gold-mouthed,” is an epithet he won from his oratory) (c. 40/50– c. 110 c.e.). Orator and popular philosopher, born at Prusa in Bithynia, ac- tive in Rome, and then (after being banished by Domitian) in Greece, the Balkans, and Asia Minor. Influenced by Stoic (and Cynic) thought, and es- pecially by Musonius Rufus, he addressed ethical and political as well as mythological and literary topics. Diogenes Laertius (probably second to third centuries c.e.). Author of vo- luminous Lives of the Philosophers, summarizing the lives and doctrines of philosophers from Thales to the Greek Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics. Al- though Diogenes is a superficial writer, his work, faute de mieux, is a major source for our knowledge of many ancient thinkers, including the Cynics, Epicurus, and the three great Stoic founders, Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysip- pus. Particularly drawn to Epicurus, he quotes three entire letters of Epicu- rus in his Life, and that is how we have them. Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412/403– c. 324/321 b.c.e.). Itinerant philosopher and practitioner of a type of public self-dramatization, he was nicknamed “the Dog” after his practice of eating in public, and became the founder of the “Cynic” tradition, which exercised considerable influence on both Greek and Roman culture, in part through its influence on Stoicism. Epictetus (c. 55– c. 135 c.e.). Major Stoic philosopher at Rome, a former slave. His lectures (in Greek) were transcribed by his pupil Arrian and are among our major sources for Roman Stoic philosophy. Epicurus (341–270 b.c.e.). Philosopher and founder of one of the leading schools of Hellenistic philosophy, he set up outside Athens in a school called the Garden. Three detailed letters on doctrinal topics and a large (and growing) number of other fragments of his work survive — as well as accounts in followers such as the Roman poet Lucretius. Although his thought was less influential at Rome than was Stoicism, it could claim some important followers, including Cicero’s friend and correspondent Titus Pomponius Atticus (110–32 b.c.e.) and the tyrannicide Gaius major historical figures discussed
Longinus Cassius (d. 42 b.c.e.), killer (with Brutus and others) of Julius Caesar. Euripides (b. 480s b.c.e., d. c. 406 b.c.e.). Athenian tragic playwright; died in Macedon. Heliodorus (active 3d c. c.e.). Greek novelist, author of the Aithiopica. Lucian of Samosata (b. c. 120 c.e.). Witty author and lecturer, strongly influ- enced by philosophy. His comic prose dialogues are a unique blend of pop- ular philosophy and literary cleverness. Musonius Rufus, Gaius (c. 30– c. 101/2 c.e.). Roman eques and Stoic phi- losopher, teacher of Epictetus. Banished by Nero to the island of Gyaros for his alleged role in the conspiracy of Piso (in which Lucan and Seneca lost their lives), he returned after Nero’s death and became a highly influential teacher. A number of his public discourses were recorded and survive. Philo of Alexandria, also known as Philo Judaeus (c. 20 b.c.e.– 45 c.e.), Jewish philosopher who combined elements of the Greek philosophical tradition, particularly Platonism, with the Jewish tradition, believing that Plato’s ideas ultimately derived from those of Moses and that they should be reclaimed for the Jewish tradition. Philo is also strongly influenced by Stoicism, espe- cially in his practice of allegorical interpretation of Scripture. Plato (427–347 b.c.e.). Athenian philosopher, descendant of a prominent wealthy family and founder of one of the most influential schools of philos- ophy in antiquity. Plutarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–125 c.e.). Platonist ethical philosopher and biographer, author of the parallel Lives of Greek and Roman figures, and of many essays on ethical topics, many with a polemical anti-Epicurean and/or anti-Stoic purpose. Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (c. 1– 65 c.e.). Major Roman Stoic philosopher and poet, writing in Latin. He was also active in politics, serving as tutor and ad- viser to the young emperor Nero, and as regent of the empire in the early days of Nero’s reign. His philosophical works include a series of “dialogues” (in which the addressee, however, does not respond) and the fictive philo- sophical correspondence with Lucilius usually known as the Moral Epistles. He also wrote a series of highly influential tragedies and a satirical work, the Apocolocyntosis, ridiculing the recently dead emperor Claudius. He commit- ted suicide, following the manner of Socrates’ death, after being accused of participating in a plot to overthrow Nero. Sophocles (c. 496– 406 b.c.e.). Athenian tragic playwright. Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus) (c. 160– c. 240 c.e.). Christian thinker, essayist, and polemicist, born near Carthage, highly in- fluential in the intellectual life of the church. appendix
Xenophon (c. 430– c. 370 b.c.e.). Athenian politician, general, essayist, and follower of philosophy. Zeno of Citium (335–263 b.c.e.). Founder of Stoicism. Although in general it is very difficult to separate the achievements of Zeno from those of his great successor Chrysippus, Zeno is credited with a strong interest in sexual ethics, and with the plan for an ideal republic in which erotic ties would constitute the bonds of civic unity.
Eva Cantarella is professor of Roman law in the Law School of the University of Milan, Italy, where she also teaches ancient Greek law. Prior to coming to Milan she was professor of Roman and ancient Greek law at the Universities of Camerino, Parma, and Pavia, and she has been a visiting professor at the University of Texas at Austin and New York University. Among her books are L’ ambiguo malanno: Condizione e immagine della donna nell’ antichità greca e romana (Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1981), translated into English as Pandora’s Daughters. The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Balti- more: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Secondo natura: La bisessualità nel mondo antico (3d ed., Milan: Rizzoli, 1995), translated into English as Bisexuality in the Ancient Word (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993); I supplizi capitali in Grecia e a Roma (Milan: Rizzoli, 1991); Passato prossimo: Donne romane da Tacita a Sulpicia (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1996); and Pompei: I volti dell’ amore (Mi- lan: Mondadori 1998).
Sir Kenneth Dover was professor of Greek at the University of St. Andrews from 1955 to 1976 and president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, from 1976 to 1986. He has been a visiting professor at Harvard; the University of Califor- nia, Berkeley; and Cornell.
Christopher A. Faraone is professor of classical languages and litera- tures at the University of Chicago. His most recent publications include (with contributors
T. Carpenter) Masks of Dionysus (1993) and Ancient Greek Love Magic (1999). His main teaching and research interests are ancient Greek poetry, religion, and magic.
Simon Goldhill is reader in Greek literature and culture at Cambridge Uni- versity and a fellow of King’s College, where he is also co-ordinator of research. He has published widely on Greek literature including Reading Greek Tragedy, The Poet’s Voice, and Foucault’s Virginity (all from Cambridge University Press). His forthcoming book is called Who Needs Greek? and will be published by Cambridge University Press in 2002.
Stephen Halliwell is professor of Greek at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. His books include Aristotle’s Poetics (1986), The Poetics of Aristotle: Translation and Commentary (1987), commentaries on Plato Republic 10 (1988) and Plato Republic 5 (1993), Aristophanes: Birds and Other Plays (1996), and The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems (2002). He is currently writing a book entitled The Laughter of Dionysos: Aristophanic Satire in Its Cultural Context.
David M. Halperin is W. H. Auden Collegiate Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and visiting profes- sor of sociology at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. His most re- cent book is How to Do the History of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002). He is currently working on a study of gay men’s cul- tural identifications.
J. Samuel Houser is assistant professor of classics at Franklin and Marshall College. In addition to his work on Dio Chrysostom, his research includes a dissertation on Musonius Rufus and an ongoing research project address- ing conceptions of the past and citations of historical precedent in Roman philosophy.
Maarit Kaimio is professor of Greek language and literature at the University of Helsinki. Her books include The Chorus of Greek Drama in the Light of the Number Used (Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1970) and Physical Con- tact in Greek Tragedy: A Study of Stage Conventions (Helsinki: Academia Scien- tiarum Fennica, 1988). Recently she has published several articles about Greek drama, theater performance, and actors. She has also published editions of Greek documentary papyri and is currently working on the carbonized papyri found in Petra, Jordan.
David Konstan is the John Rowe Workman Distinguished Professor of Clas- sics and professor of comparative literature at Brown University. Among his contributors
books are Some Aspects of Epicurean Psychology (1973), Catullus’ Indictment of Rome (1977), Roman Comedy (1983), Sexual Symmetry: Love in the Ancient Novel and Related Genres (1994), Greek Comedy and Ideology (1995), Friendship in the Classical World (1997), and Pity Transformed (2001). He has also translated two volumes of the ancient Greek commentators on Aristotle. In 1999, he was presi- dent of the American Philological Association. Currently, he is preparing a book on the emotions of the ancient Greeks.
David Leitao is an associate professor of classics at San Francisco State Uni- versity. He has published numerous articles on adolescent transition rites in an- cient Greece and on the history of gender and sexuality in the ancient world.
Martha C. Nussbaum is Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, with appointments in the Law School, Philosophy Department, and Divinity School. She is an associate in the Clas- sics Department, an affiliate of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a board member of the Center for Gender Studies. Her most recent book is Up- heavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions (2001).
A. W. Price is reader in philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London. He is the author of Love and Friendship in Plato and Aristotle (1989; expanded 1997), and Mental Conflict (1995).
Juha Sihvola is professor of history at the University of Jyväskylä and also teaches ancient philosophy at the University of Helsinki. He is the author of Decay, Progress, and the Good Life? Hesiod and Protagoras on the Development of Culture (1989), has published articles on Aristotle and Hellenistic philosophy, and edited The Emotions in Hellenistic Philosophy (1990), together with Troels- Engberg-Pedersen, and Ancient Scepticism and the Sceptical Tradition (2000).
Index of Modern Names Abelove, H., 240, 243 Anderson, J., 163n Annas, J., 9
Babut, D., 197n, 322n, 349n Badian, E., 324n Barnes, J., 9, 323n Barrett, W. S., 362 Barsby, J., 371n Bartsch, S., 377 Baudrillard, J., 21–23, 43, 44n Beazley, J., 55 Benabou, M., 322n Bennett, J. M., 260n Berlin, I., 192 Boccaccio, G., 35–39, 51n, 52n, 53n Bostock, D., 194n Boswell, J., 40, 239– 40, 258, 262n, 368– 69, 371n Bourdieu, P., 268n Bowie, A., 137n Bowra, M., 133, 141n Bradley, K., 280n Brandes, S., 421n Brantôme, A., 233–34, 261n Brennan, T. C., 251, 262n, 267n Brooten, B., 17, 223, 226, 235– 60, 261n, 262n, 263n, 264n, 265n, 266n, 267n Bruckner, G. A., 420n Brunt, P. A., 349n Buck, J., 163n Buffière, F., 166n Burkert, W., 119n, 167n Burnett, A. P., 118n Burnyeat, M. F., 9 Burton, J. B., 420n Butler, J., 367 Bychkov, O., 396n
Cairns, D. L., 350n Cameron, A., 232, 261n, 264n, 420n Cantarella, E., 17, 113–14n, 269– 82, 326n, 421n Carrier, J. M., 371n Carson, A., 421n Cartledge, P., 163n, 168n Castle, T., 268n Clark, D., 371n Cohen, D., 422n Collard, C., 118n Cooper, J. M., 219n, 220n, 420n Corbett, P. E., 305– 6 Cornwall, A., 423n Craik, E., 108, 109, 110, 118n Crary, J., 397n Csapo, E., 136n
Dale, A. M., 109, 118n Davidson, A. I., 46n, 246, 263n Davidson, J., 137n, 140n de Laurentis, T., 267n, 395n de Man, P., 54n de Ste. Croix, G. E. M., 284, 308, 320n, 321n de Vries, G. J., 193n Dickie, M., 380 DiGangi, M., 263n Dodds, E. R., 360 Donoghue, E., 261n Dorcey, P. F., 261n Dover, K. J., 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 45n, 56, 88n, 89n, 90n, 91n, 92n, 139n, 141n, 152, 165n, 166n, 187, 192n, 219n, 222–28, 252, 266n, 350n, 351n, 360, 363, 419n, 420n index
Dubin, S., 395n Düring, I., 219n
Easterling, P. E., 105 Edelman, L., 54n Edwards, C., 350n, 369n Elsner, J., 396n Ernoult, N., 264n
Fantham, E., 420n, 421n Faraone, C., 12, 19, 369n, 400– 426 Ferguson, J., 166n Ferrari, G. R. F., 90n Festugière, A. J., 321n Fisher, N. R. E., 350n Flaubert, G., 43 Flory, M., 281n Forster, E. M., 3 Foucault, M., 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 20, 21–34, 39– 44, 45– 46n, 47n, 48n, 50–51n, 53n, 54n, 57–58, 59, 86, 220n, 246, 252, 263n, 284, 308, 321n, 348n, 350n, 359– 60, 369n, 419n Foxhall, L., 423n Fraschetti, A., 281n Freccero, C., 247, 264n Frede, M., 194n, 195n Freedberg, D., 395n Freud, S., 39 Friedman, S. S., 371n Frye, M., 265n Fuss, D., 371n
Gallop, J., 394 Garland, R., 138n Giorgiadou, A., 165n Gleason, M. W., 31–34, 49n, 266n, 343, 350n, 371n, 419n, 422n Goldhill, S., 18–19, 97, 322n, 323n, 374–99, 420n Gordon, H., 280n Griffin, J., 170 Griffin, M., 9 Griffiths, F. T., 420n Griswold, C., 66, 68, 89n, 90n Guthrie, W. K. C., 219–20n
Hackforth, R., 65– 66, 68 Haggerty, G., 262n Halliwell, S., 14, 15, 20, 120– 42, 219n, 322n, 325n Halperin, D., 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21–54, 89n, 138n, 140n, 168n, 219n, 220n, 221n, 226, 229– 68, 327, 328, 335, 343, 345, 348n, 356–58, 369, 419n Hammond, N., 165n Hanson, V., 165n Harper, V. L., 326n Hartley, L. P., 280 Heise, L. L., 268n Henderson, J., 107, 137n, 139n, 141n, 423n Henry, M. M., 420n Highet, G., 328, 343 Hindley, C., 166n Hirzel, R., 321n Hourani, G. F., 322n Houser, J. S., 12, 18, 327–53 Hubbard, T. K., 263n, 369–70n Huxley, A., 230
Inwood, B., 88n, 92n, 93n, 195n Irwin, T., 322n
Jagger, M., 374 Jameson, M., 101, 114n, 115n Janson, W., 420n Janko, R., 117n Joly, R., 419n Jones, C. P., 330, 342, 350n, 352n, 353n Jordan, M. D., 44n, 262n Juffras, D. M., 119n
Kahn, C. H., 137n, 165n, 167n Kaimio, M., 14, 15, 19, 20, 95–119, 205, 220n Kampen, N. B., 262n Kannicht, R., 118n, 119n Kant, I., 307 Kappeler, S., 374 Karras, R. M., 47n, 247, 264n Kazhdam, A., 425n Kelly, D., 166n Kendrick, W., 395n Keuls, E., 420n Kieckhefer, 419n, 420n Kilmer, M., 140– 41n King, W., 234 index
Konstan, D., 18, 20, 97, 109–10, 141n, 349n, 354–73, 418n Kotansky, R., 419n Kugelmeier, C., 141n
Labé, L., 364– 65 Lacan, J., 395n Laqueur, T., 323n Lancaster, R. N., 371n Lansner, S. S., 268n Last, H., 305 Lefkowitz, M., 326n Leitao, D., 12, 15, 143– 69 Lindheim, S., 371n Lloyd, G. E. R., 9 Loizos, P., 420n Long, A. A., 80, 283 Loraux, N., 102, 115n, 369n Lutz, C., 283– 84, 321n, 351n, 352n
MacDowell, D. M., 141n, 350n Macey, D., 44n MacKinnon, C., 259n, 267– 68n MacMullen, R., 263n Manning, C. E., 322n, 324n Mapplethorpe, R., 374 Maynard, F., 234 McDonnell, M., 281n Millar, F., 321n Miller, P. A., 371n Moles, J. L., 108 Monsacré, H., 370n Morales, H., 377 Musurus, M., 256
Nagy, G., 421n Nussbaum, M. C., 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 20, 55–94, 163n, 178– 81, 192n, 193n, 194n, 207, 219n, 220n, 221n, 283–326
Ogden, D., 163n Olson, S. D., 141n Owen, G. E. L., 5
Parker, H., 165n Parker, L. P. E., 141n Pauw, D., 165n Petropoulos, J. C. B., 421n, 422n Pomeroy, S., 114n, 115n Price, A. W., 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 170–99, 207, 219n, 220n, 221n, 349n Proust, M., 192
Radista, L., 325n Reckford, K., 137n Reydams – Schils, G., 323n, 324n Richlin, A., 49–51n, 257, 263n, 267n, 348n, 371n, 419n Richter, G. M. A., 114n, 115n Rist, J. M., 349n Rosivach, V. J., 141n Rowe, C., 66, 68, 90n Roy, J., 139n, 193n Ruggiero, G., 420n Rubin, G., 58, 258–59, 267n Runia, D. T., 396n Russell, D. A., 328, 333, 334, 345, 346, 353n
Said, S., 142n Salkever, S., 221n Saller, R., 272, 280n Schaps, D., 420n Schofield, M., 9, 88n, 92n, 93n, 161, 165n, 167n, 168n, 183– 85, 192n, 193n, 195n, 196n, 322n, 323n, 324n, 325n, 348n, 349n Seaford, R., 423n Sedgwick, E. K., 48n, 54n Sedley, D., 9, 283 Segal, C. P., 117n Sergent, B., 166n Shipley, D. G. J., 260n Shrimpton, G., 164 Sibelius, J., 119n Sihvola, J., 11, 16, 19, 20, 200–21 Silk, M., 136n Simon, G., 395n Sissa, G., 46n, 263n Skinner, M. B., 371n Sokolowski, F., 167n Solomon– Godeau, A., 370n Sommerstein, A. H., 138n, 139n, 141n Sorabji, R., 9, 195n Sordi, M., 165n, 166n Sourvinou–Inwood, C., 421n, 423n Steiner, W., 394, 395n index
Stinton, T. C. W., 105 Stowers, S., 351n Striker, G., 194n, 219n Stone, L. M., 137n Summers, D., 397n Swain, S., 328–29, 330, 333, 334, 343– 44, 346, 348n, 352n
Taaffe, L. K., 137n Taillardat, J., 107, 136n, 140n Taylor, C. C. W., 189 Thomas, Y., 279, 282n Traub, V., 248, 259, 261n, 263n, 264n, 267n, 268n Treggiari, S., 272, 285, 305, 308, 324n Tress, D. M., 219n Uosukainen, R., 95 Van Geytenbeek, A. C., 321n, 322n, 325n, 351n Vlastos, G., 5, 170 Vout, C., 395n
Wagner, R., 119n Wahl, E. S., 261n Walters, J., 35–36, 51n, 52n Welles, C. B., 342– 43 Wender, D., 116n West, M. L., 119n Westlake, H., 164n White, S. A., 220n Whitehead, D., 136n Williams, C. A., 8, 33–34, 48n, 52n, 242, 246, 253, 254, 263n, 264n, 265n, 266n Winkler, J. J., 8, 12, 19, 29–31, 32, 33, 48n, 88n, 219n, 226, 246, 263n, 327– 29, 335, 336, 343, 345, 347n, 349n, 400, 401, 418, 419n, 422n, 423n Winnington–Ingram, R. P., 89n Wiseman, T. P., 371n Wittgenstein, L., 182 Wolff, C., 119n Wright, D. F., 349n
Zeitlin, F. I., 421n, 422n Index of Subjects abortion, 278, 309 active or “masculine” roles, 236–37, 303– 4, 343– 44, 355–59, 363, 368, 419n; fulfilled by women, 245– 49, 251–57; parodied, 408. See also homosexuality; misogyny; passive roles adoption, 279. See also surrogate mother- hood adultery, 35–36, 97–99, 106–7, 110–12, 121–23, 129, 139n, 214–15, 242, 250; committed with the eyes, 383– 84, 387; double standard regarding, 107, 287– 88, 304– 6, 308–11, 319–20, 324n; induced by magic, 408–9. See also marriage age, of the beloved, 76– 80, 186–90 AIDS, 21–22 ambivalence, about er o ¯ s , 61, 64, 104, 201–2 aphrodisia, 327– 47. See also pleasure; self – indulgence appetite, 57–58, 208–10, 212–13, 299; sexual, 2, 58–59, 177, 303, 367 astrology, 245– 46 awe, inspired by love, 72, 84
beauty: of body, 69, 70–71, 128, 172–73, 177, 211–13; of soul, 71, 73, 172–73, 184, 186– 88, 212–13
censorship, of the sexual, 3– 4, 26–28, 95, 374. See also ethics, sexual; norms, social character, 79, 87, 171–72, 202, 213, 292. See also virtue Christianity: early sexual discourses within, 235–36, 375–76; moral prohibitions of, 10, 26, 57–58, 86, 381– 89, 392–93 classics, Greek and Roman, recent study of, 4–5 comedy, 120–36, 191, 227, 409 cunnilingus, 242. See also sexual practices Cynicism, 73–75, 191, 285, 296, 303, 310, 329, 334–38, 347
desire(s), 55, 69, 77, 170–92, 249, 386– 88, 400–10. See also objects of desire; subjects of desire index
deviant sexuality. See under specific practices discrimination: against gays and lesbians, 10, 26, 86, 239– 40, 328–29, 340– 44; against women, 20, 91n, 259, 284, 304– 6, 312 divorce, 276–78, 281n, 304. See also marriage
economy, sexual, 22, 66– 69, 128 education, 171–72, 286–92, 297–98, 314–16. See also character; virtue emotion, 7, 145, 206–7, 391. See also passion Epicureanism, 73–76, 201, 206, 387 er o ¯ s , 12–16, 19, 55– 87, 92n, 159– 61, 171– 72, 183– 87, 190–92, 196n, 200–19, 327– 47, 354– 69, 400–10; as benign, 55–56, 60– 61, 62– 63, 65, 72, 146, 151, 167– 68n, 178, 183– 84, 191, 198n, 200–202; as dangerous, 55–56, 60– 61, 64, 67, 74, 80, 96, 176, 183– 84, 198n, 202, 274, 310, 336, 402, 406–7; incom- patible with philia, 369, 418n; induced by magic, 400– 406, 410–12, 414, 416. See also love ethics, sexual, 2– 4, 58, 86– 87, 210, 223– 24, 271, 334, 347, 375; communist, 126–27; study of, 6–7
fantasy. See imagination fellatio, 132, 141n, 224, 231, 241. See also sexual practices female sexuality. See women: sexuality of feminism, 283–313; and differential treat- ment, 290–92, 300–303, 308–310. See also discrimination; misogyny; women “feminine” roles. See passive roles friendship, 3, 5, 75–79, 84, 144– 46, 187– 88, 197n, 207, 213–14, 364. See also philia
gay and lesbian studies. See queer theory gaze, the erotic, 374–94 gender. See sexual identities
Hellenistic thought, recent study of, 8–9 heterosexual love, 51n, 207, 231, 250, 320, 329, 340 homosexuality, 17, 23, 24, 27, 43, 86, 226, 229– 60; ancient conceptions of, 56, 236, 239– 42, 246, 258, 300; condem- nation of, 10, 86, 216, 312–13, 328–29, 340– 46, 348n; modern definitions of, 39, 229, 239– 44, 246, 258. See also same – sex relations
imagination, 43– 44, 130, 181 incest, 215–16 intercrural intercourse, 193n, 202. See also sexual practices interdisciplinary studies, 8–9, 11
jealousy, 82, 84, 310, 367, 405. See also er o ¯ s : as dangerous joy, Stoic, 85– 86. See also Stoicism justice, 87, 179, 287. See also legal prac- tices; norms, social
kinaidos, 29–34, 38, 48n, 50n, 51n, 252– 54. See also passive roles; sexual identi- ties kissing, 84, 106, 364– 66
law. See legal practices legal practices, 26–27, 86– 87, 122–23, 273–74, 304– 6, 324n. See also norms, social lesbianism, 23, 222–27, 229–30, 233– 48, 251–58. See also same – sex relations logical positivism, 3, 59 love, 3, 5, 133, 144, 171, 173, 192, 218, 313, 403; idolatrous, 71–72, 176, 381– 83, 390; prudential, 66– 69. Se e als o er o ¯ s love potions, 405. See also magic
madness, 70, 75, 175, 178, 196n, 202 magic, 400–18. See also love potions; spells marriage, 14, 17, 35–36, 68, 75, 121, 214–15, 243, 284– 85, 318–19, 338– 40; affection within, 60– 61, 204–5, 214, 298, 369n, 401– 6, 414; in Greek culture, 95–113, 141n, 205– 6, 215, 311–13; in Roman culture, 83, 269– 80, 296–98, 304– 6, 308–11 medical discourses, 28, 32, 40, 243, 254, 297, 414. See also norms, social; sexual identities index
military forces: composed of lovers, 143– 62, 329; as microcosm of the city, 156, 159 misandry, 401, 417, 422n misogyny, 96, 103, 259, 296, 302–3, 313, 413–17, 422n. See also discrimination; norms, social morality, 3– 4, 6–7, 86– 87, 103, 207, 271, 292, 386. See also ethics, sexual; norms, social music, 119n
nature, appeals to, 327–28, 352n, 401, 413–16 norms, social, 8, 12–13, 27, 56–59, 69, 86– 87, 123–36, 154– 60, 240– 48, 327–28; differences between Greek and Roman, 269– 80, 283– 84, 297–303, 312–13, 354–59, 363– 68
objects of desire, 35–36, 39, 45n, 69, 125, 170–92, 210 organization, social. See norms, social orientation, sexual. See sexual identities
passion, 3, 56, 69–70, 76, 82, 183– 84, 274, 333. See also emotion passive roles, 29–34, 216–17, 226, 236– 37, 256–57, 343– 46, 352n, 356–57, 363, 368, 419n. See also active roles; homosexuality; kinaidos; pederasty pathologizing, of homosexuality. See medi- cal discourses pederasty, 144– 45, 153–56, 170–73, 204, 300, 333, 363. See also homosexuality; sexual practices; sodomy perception, theories of, 15–16, 19, 177– 80, 181– 82, 379– 82. See also Stoicism phallocentrism, 256, 265n. See also mi- sogyny phallus, personified, 120–23, 135 phenomenology, erotic, 174–75, 412. See also subjects of desire philia, 16–19, 68, 72, 80, 92n, 160– 62, 171–72, 200–201, 218, 330–33, 349n; incompatible with ero¯s, 369, 418n; in- duced by magic, 400– 403, 406, 410– 12, 414–15. See also friendship philosophy: and marriage, 312–13, 320; as art of life, 287, 295–297, 323n; narrow conceptions of, 3, 8, 59 physiognomy. See medical practices pleasure, 13–14, 22, 31, 57, 99, 124, 208, 386– 87. See also aphrodisia; desire; sex- ual practices power, 29, 42, 58, 304, 376, 389. See also legal practices; norms, social pregnancy, 275–276, 278, 286. See also procreation procreation: as aim of marriage, 276–78, 310–13; as aim of sexual activity, 328, 338 prostitution, 127–32, 138n, 215, 263n, 327–28, 333–38, 345– 47, 408–11; male, 246, 409–10 psychology, 38–39, 51n, 53n, 200–201, 248. See also ero¯s; subjects of desire queer theory, 23, 42 rape, 60, 121, 242 rationality, 2, 10, 83, 177, 182, 213, 293, 316 reciprocity, 13, 20, 82, 217–18, 357, 364, 369, 403. See also discrimination; friend- ship; love; misogyny religious sense of love, 63– 65, 72–75, 165n, 381– 83, 410
same – sex relations, 3, 18, 59– 60, 68, 216–17, 236–37; between men, 29, 65, 310, 312–13, 328, 330, 342– 45; be- tween women, 16–17, 222–27, 231–34, 260, 412 self – control (so¯phrosune¯), 151–53, 287, 299, 308, 359, 362, 384 self – discipline (ask e ¯ sis), 79– 80, 125, 135, 183– 85, 219, 295, 360 self – indulgence (aphrodisia), 333–38, 347 self – mastery (enkrateia), 18, 20, 57, 360 sexual identities: construction of, 23–26, 53n, 232–34, 240– 44, 356, 363, 368, 401; varieties of, 33– 43, 47n, 49n, 226, 232–34, 244– 48, 343– 45, 410–11. See also active or “masculine” roles; objects of desire; passive roles; subjects of desire index
sexual imagery: in literature, 97–109, 114n, 118n, 220n, 222–24; on vases, 55–56, 137n, 141n, 226, 231, 360 sexuality, history of, 21– 44 sexual practices, 24, 38, 43, 53n, 77–78, 248, 344; Greek, 101, 154, 231–34, 345; Roman, 269– 80, 304– 6. See also specific practices shame, 64, 102, 123–24, 135–36, 137n, 153–59, 251, 288, 311–17, 327, 416. See also norms, social; ugliness slavery, 121–22, 263n, 308, 319–20 sodomy, 24, 26–27, 38, 43, 47n. See also homosexuality; pederasty; sexual prac- tices spells, types of, 402. See also magic Stoicism, 13, 19, 76– 86, 147, 170–72, 181–92, 201, 206, 271, 275, 285–300, 329, 330– 40, 345– 47; and passion, 56, 76, 78, 82, 85– 86, 183– 85, 190, 219, 295; and perception, 15–16, 181– 83, 190, 377, 383– 88, 396n subjects of desire, 35–36, 39, 45n, 125, 363, 368, 386– 88, 394, 411, 416 surrogate motherhood, 270– 80
theory, critique of, 41– 43 tragedy, 95–113, 219, 362
ugliness, 68, 124–25, 127–28, 130, 137n, 185 utopias, political, 159, 161– 62, 170–71, 327
value, 3, 7, 85, 180– 81, 206, 295; of exter- nal goods, 76, 82, 91n, 219. See also mo- rality; norms, social; objects of desire virginity, 109 virtue, 76–79, 83– 85, 159, 184– 85, 196n, 197n, 207–9, 213, 288– 89, 295–97, 301–3, 315–17, 322n, 333. See also character; education; morality
wisdom, practical, 73, 181– 82, 213, 287, 307. See also morality; rationality; virtue women: absence of ancient testimony from, 20, 311–13; moral equality of, 283, 286–92, 295, 302, 306– 8, 312, 314–16; philosophical competence of, 18, 293–98, 306– 8, 316–18; sexuality of, 81, 95–113, 125, 135, 222–27, 233– 34, 286, 361, 411
Index Locorum ACHILLES TATIUS 1.9.4 376 5 376 5.13 386– 87 AELIAN NA 4.1 146, 164n. 11 9.48 421n. 60 15.19 411–12 VH 4.1 163n. 9 AESCHINES 1.15 136n. 6 1.40 138n. 22 1.74 138n. 20, 140n. 32 1.120 138n. 20 1.133 166n. 42 1.141–50 166n. 42 1.155–57 164n. 14 2.177 138n. 21 In Tim. 136 63, 89n. 23 142 89n. 19 (61) AESCHYLUS Agamemnon 1389ff. 117n. 44 1447 99 Danaids 20–21 108 Persae 543 114n. 14 [Prometheus Bound] 849 89n. 14 1389–92 108 Supp. 559 118n. 54 1067 89n. 14 (60) 1068– 69 89n. 14 TGF 44 117n. 43 44.3– 4 116n. 35
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DEMOSTHENES (continued) 4.109–15 350n. 37
DIO CASSIUS 48.44.2 281n. 18 48.44.3 276 80.16.1–5 48n. 23 163n. 3, 164n. 17, 165n. 32, 348n. 9 28.2 353n. 66
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HIERONYMUS OF RHODES fr. 34 (Wehrli) 147, 157, 164n. 17, 165n. 23, 167n. 57 HIPPOCRATES Mul. 145.13 114n. 12 177.4 114n. 12 [Regimen] 1 421n. 59 HIPPONAX GLP 3a 121 HOMER Iliad 3.39– 40 361 3.43– 45 361 3.52–55 361 3.441– 42 361 3.445 98 6.326 223 10.56 163n. 2 14.197–210 403– 4 14.346–51 117n. 42 (107– 8) 22.25–32 421n. 54 24.681 163n. 2 Odyssey 4.221 421n. 48 (411) 4.787– 88 101 6 370n. 9 10.347 98 17.101ff. 101 19.594ff. 101 23.219 98 23.226 101 23.232ff. 108 23.254–55 108 23.295–96 108 24.81 163n. 2 HOMERIC HYMNS Dem. 2.202–3 119n. 67 Hermes 290 136n. 2 436 136n. 2 HORACE Epistles 5.41 420n. 43 (410) Epodes 3.7– 8 420n. 43 Odes 2.13.24–25 232 IBYCUS 286.9–10 116n. 35 286.10–11 116n. 35 ILS (INSCRIPTIONES LATINAE SELECTAE) 8393 279 INSCRIPTIONES CRETICAE 1.19.1 164n. 16 2.5.24 164n. 16 ISAEUS 6.19 138n. 20, 138n. 22, 140n. 32 JEROME Adv. Iovinian. 1.42 326n. 67 2.48 352n. 49 JUSTINIAN Digesta 23.2.2 273 23.11 273 23.11e 273 JUVENAL 2.17 49n. 23 2.50 49n. 23 LUCAN Pharsalia 2.326–53 279 LUCIAN Dialogues of the Courtesans 4.1 407 5.2 232 Dialogues of the Gods 6 354 Philopseudes 13–15 423n. 76 LUCRETIUS 4.1053 74, 91n. 56 4.1065– 66 92n. 64 4.1191 75 4.1192–1207 75 4.1278– 87 75 LYSIAS 1.9ff. 115n. 22 1.9–12 114n. 18 index
LYSIAS (continued) 10.19 140n. 35 MARCUS AURELIUS Meditations 3.2 195n. 23 MARTIAL 1.90 245 2.49 50–51n. 39 7.67 245 7.70 245 MAXIMUS OF TYRE 18 146– 47 18.1 167n. 57 18.2 157, 163n. 3, 165n. 32, 167n. 57 20.8 166n. 44 39.5 166n. 44 MENANDER fr. 272 223–24 MUSONIUS RUFUS By Musonius 322n. 20 (287) On Sexual Intercourse 298–99, 303, 319–20, 339, 341, 352n. 47, 352n. 48 Should Daughters Get the Same Education as Sons? F 297 What Is the Appropriate Livelihood for a Philosopher? pp. 57– 63 (Hense) 322n. 14 What Is the Goal of Marriage? 309, 318–19 Whether Marriage Is an Impediment to Doing Philosophy 299–300, 320, 340 ONASANDER 24 167n. 52 ORIGEN Contra Celsum 4.45 76 ORPHIC HYMNS 52 119n. 67 OVID Heroides 4.71–72 370n. 8 4.73– 86 370n. 8 15.15–19 232 Metamorphoses 10.282– 86 396n. 24 Tristia 2.365 232 PAUSANIAS 9.31.3 167n. 66 9.40.7 165n. 31 PGM (PAPYRI GRAECAE MAGICAE)
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