И.Э. КОРОТАЕВА, Л.А.РОГОЖИНА, Н.И. ХРИСТОФОРОВА, О.В. ЧУКСИНА

 

Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса авиационных вузов

 

 

Москва

Издательство МАИ

 

 

Рецензенты:

 

кафедра иностранных языков

(зав. кафедрой )

 

кандидат филологических наук

 

И.Э. Коротаева, Рогожина Л.А., Н.И. Христофорова, Чуксина О.В.

LEARN ABOUT MODERN AIRLINERS IN ENGLISH: Узнаем о современных авиалайнерах на уроках английского языка. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса авиационных вузов. – М.: Изд-во МАИ, 2014. – 96 с.

 

Предназначено для студентов 1-го курса факультетов авиационных вузов.

Коротаева Ирина Эдуардовна

Рогожина Лада Александровна

Христофорова Наталья Игоревна

Чуксина Оксана Владимировна

Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса авиационных вузов

 

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Издательство МАИ

«МАИ», Волоколамское ш., д.4, Москва, А-80, ГСП-3 125993

Типография Издательства МАИ

«МАИ», Волоколамское ш., д.4, Москва, А-80, ГСП-3 125993

 

© Московский авиационный институт

(национальный исследовательский университет), 2014

 

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса авиационных вузов. Цель учебного пособия – подготовить студентов к самостоятельному чтению, пониманию и обсуждению технической литературы на английском языке.

Упражнения направлены на развитие различных видов речевой деятельности (перевод, чтение, говорение и письмо). В пособии представлены разнообразные лексические упражнения, упражнения на проверку понимания текстового материала. Пособие представляет собой сборник текстов и упражнений к ним и состоит из десяти разделов:

1. Полет на современном авиалайнере

2. Авиакомпания Боинг
3. Британские авиалинии
4. Аэробус
5. Сверхзвуковой транспорт: Конкорд
6. Система управления воздушным движением
7. Преимущества стандартизированной коммуникации
8. Этапы полета воздушного судна
9. Посадка в самолет
10.Авиасалоны

Каждый раздел включает несколько оригинальных (неадаптированных, но сокращенных) текстов на дан­ную тему. При их отборе авторы стремились к тому, чтобы каждый текст носил научно-популярный характер, представлял интерес для обсуждения и был насыщен лекси­кой, связанной с авиационной тематикой.

В приложении представлены дополнительные чтения для чтения и перевода.

 

CONTENTS

Unit 1 p.5	Flying a modern airliner
Unit 2 p.10	Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Unit 3 p.16	British Airways
Unit 4 p.22	Airbus
Unit 5 p.30	Supersonic transport: Concorde
Unit 6 p.40	Air traffic control system
Unit 7 p.47	Benefits of Standardized Communication
Unit 8 p.52	Landing, Takeoff, and En Route Procedures
Unit 9 p.57	Boarding procedures
Unit 10 p.62	Air shows

Appendix 1 S upplementary reading ……………………………………….…p.74

Unit 1 FLYING A MODERN AIRLINER

A modern jet is typically flown by a flight deck crew of two – the pilot, and a co-pilot who acts as navigator and flight engineer. The number of aircrew has been reduced through the use of computers and improvements in instrumentation and navigational equipment.

In the latest airliners, colour screens have mostly superseded dials for the display of data on altitude, airspeed, position and other essentials. Navigation has achieved a high degree of accuracy. It still partly relies on radio beacons that provide waypoint markers along airways, although these now operate on VHF. The copilot tunes in a radio compass to each successive beacon along the marked route. On-board inertial navigation systems (INS) will plot the aircraft’s movements to within about a mile tolerance on a long-haul flight, if its position is set correctly at the start of the journey.

Sophisticated airports have VOR (VHF omnidirectional range transmitters) with DME (distance measuring equipment), allowing the aircrew to track their position relative to their destination. In recent years, GPS satellite positioning has been added to the array of navigational improvements. Satellites also provide superb weather forecasting, a major contribution to safety and comfort.

For most of a flight, the pilot’s main task is to supervise the work of the autopilot and other onboard computers. ILS (instrument landing systems) are now of high quality at many airports. Responding to signals from a transmitter on the runway, on-board ILS tells the pilot if he is too high or too low, to the left or right of the correct approach path. ILS linked to an autopilot can deliver automatic landing in poor visibility. But safety still depends on pilots’ judgment and flying skill.

Tourism also grew into a dominant economic activity in the world’s major cities: the centres of London, Paris, and New York became as much destinations to visit as places to work or live in. Meanwhile freight carried in jet transports altered patterns of consumption. Soon no one was surprised to find fresh fish from an African lake in a British supermarket or fresh flowers from Mauritius decorating a restaurant table in Chicago.

While airliners carried on changing the world, after 1970 the world of airliners changed comparatively little. The last 30 years of the 20th century brought no further revolution in speed or size. But progress in engine design made aircraft quieter and more fuel efficient, and increased operating range – the Boeing 747- 400 could fly almost 11, 000km (7, 000 miles) with more than 400 passengers on board.

There was also great progress in avionics and navigation systems. In the late 1980s the Airbus A320 introduced digital fly-by-wire controls to civil aviation, as well as the so-called “glass cockpit”. The Boeing 777, introduced into service in 1995, was the first American fly-by-wire airliner.

The accepted wisdom was that revisiting the notion of supersonic flight was unlikely to prove the way forwards, but that a further leap in aircraft size might make economic sense. From the mid-1990s, Airbus had the idea of a super-jumbo, the A3XX, which would be capable of carrying 600 to 800 people.

The events of 11 September 2001 underlined how precarious commercial aviation was as a business. It appeared that many airlines, both in Europe and North America, were just not in a fit state to survive even a temporary downturn in business. It also emphasized how many flights were unnecessary – tourists could stay at home, business people could make a conference call instead of a transatlantic flight. But this did not mean that any question mark hung over the future of mass air travel. A triumph of technology and organization, it had given human beings an undreamed-of mobility, and it was here to stay.

 

 

Exercises

1. Find in the texts the English equivalents for the following expressions:

(1) navigational equipment, (2) a long-haul flight, (3) more fuel efficient, (4) increased operating range, (5) transatlantic flight, (6) progress in avionics and navigation systems, (7) digital fly-by-wire controls, (8) to supervise the work of the autopilot and other onboard computers, (9) provide weather forecasting, (10) a major contribution to safety and comfort, (11) to plot the aircraft’s movements, (12) to provide waypoint markers along airways, (13) the display of data on altitude, airspeed, position and other essential, (14) a high degree of accuracy, (15) a flight deck crew.

 

2. Rearrange the words to make sentences

1. The/ uses /composite/ and/ design/ advanced/ reduces/ materials/ noise.

2. The/ of/ and /stronger/ safer/ future/ be/ airplane/ the/ will/ smarter.

3. With/ flight/ flying /may/ as/ driving/ someday/ new/ controls / be /easy/ as.

4. The/ efficiency/ advanced /of/ the /787/ increase/ operation/ features/ simplify.

5. All/ planes/ on/ environment/ less/ electric/ have/ impact/ will/ negative/ our.

6. Companies/ produce/ from /will /fiberglass/ parts/ lightweight.

7. Structural/ and/ are/ concepts/ rapidly/ evolving/ materials/ design.

 

Match the sentence halves.

1. Although the aircraft configuration looks similar, reductions in cost have been achieved through	a) while low cost small turbine engines may well revolutionize small aircraft design in the next 20 years.
2. The design also uses other technologies to reduce noise and drag,	b) to achieve maximum noise shielding.
3. The four Rolls Royce engines are embedded in the upper surface of the wing	c) improvements in aerodynamics, structures and materials, control systems and propulsion technology.
4. NASA researchers are working to develop ideas for future airplanes	d) that dramatically reduce noise, emissions and fuel consumption.
5. Unbelievably large turbines are continuing to evolve	e) and long-span wings to improve fuel efficiency.

4. Complete the text with the words from the box

windows	flights	safety
passenger	noise	airliners
in-flight	services	fuel

Filling the demands of passengers has always been a challenge for (1).

The general airline (2) wants to save money, airliners use various methods to provide cheaper alternatives to their competition so long as (3) is not compromised. Other airlines attempt to save money by fitting more passengers into the same aircraft, bringing down the cost per head. A major convenience for passengers lies with conducting (4) in a single leg, the use of aircraft such as the 777LR or ER, and the airbus A340-500 removes the necessity of stopping for (5). All passengers want comfort, some are willing to pay extra for those (6) hence our use of first class and so on. But regardless of the class of seat passengers deserve to receive a level of comfort whether it is minor items such as an (7)service, food, or entertainment. There is many aircraft providing general items of comfort to passenger ranging from larger (8) to holistic solutions to lighting, (9) reduction and airsickness abatement, air filtration and many other items, in order to make the passengers feel comfortable on the aircraft.

5. Answer the following questions.

1) Who does the flight deck crew consist of?

2) What do the abbreviations INS, DME, ILS stand for?

3) What does the safety in flight depend on?

4) How did jet transports alter patterns of consumption?

5) How did progress in engine design change aircraft?

6) Does a further leap in aircraft size might make economic sense?

7) Why did the events of 11 September 2001 lead to a temporary downturn in aviation business?

6. Translate the following sentences into English:

Какими будут самолеты будущего? НАСА попросило главных авиаинженеров мира решить самую трудную проблему гражданской авиации: как сделать авиаперелеты чище, тише и дешевле. Современные пассажирские самолеты потребляют довольно много топлива, например, Boeing 747 берет до 10 литров топлива на каждый километр полета, и с постоянной тенденцией роста цен на топливо, соответственно растет цена на авиабилеты. Благодаря использованию легких материалов и особенностям конструкции крыльев отношение подъемной силы к лобовому сопротивлению будет на 16 процентов выше, что позволит этим самолетам летать на большие расстояния и потреблять меньше топлива.

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