John STEINBECK from ON MEN AND MICE

Lennie spoke craftily, " Tell me—like you done before."

" Tell you what? "

" About the rabbits."

George snapped, " You ain't gonna put nothing over on me."

Lennie pleaded, " Come on, George. Tell me. Please, George. Like you done before."

" You get a kick outta that, don't you? Awright, I'll tell you, and then we'll eat our supper...."

{{{ George's voice became deeper. He repeated his words rhythmically as though he had said them many times before. " Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don't belong no place. They come to a ranch an' work up a stake and then they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they're poundin' their tail on some other ranch. They ain't got nothing to look ahead to."

Lennie was delighted. " That's it—that's it. Now tell how it is with us."

George went on. " With us it ain't like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We don't have to sit in no bar room blowin' our jack jus' because we got no place else to go. If them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us." }}}

Lennie broke in. " But not us! An' why? Because....because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that's why." He laughed delightedly. " Go on now, George! "

" You got it by heart. You can do it yourself."

" No, you. I forget some a' the things. Tell about how it's gonna be."

" O.K. Someday—we're gonna get the jack together and we're gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an' a cow and some pigs and—"

" An' live off the fatta the Ian', " Lennie shouted. " An' have rabbits. Go on, George! Tell about what we're gonna have in the garden and about the rabbits in the cages and about the rain in the winter and the stove, and how thick the cream is on the milk like you can hardly cut it. Tell about that, George."

" Why'n't you do it yourself? You know all of it." " No.... you tell it. It ain't the same if I tell it. Go on.... George. How I get to tend the rabbits."

" Well, " said George, " we'll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, we'll just say the hell with goin' to work, and well build up a fire in the stove and set around it an' listen to the rain comin' down on the roof—Nuts! " He took out his pocket knife. " I ain't got time for no more." He drove his knife through the top of one of the bean cans, sawed out the top and passed the can to Lennie. Then he opened a second can. From his side pocket he brought out two spoons and passed one of them to Lennie.

They sat by the fire and filled their mouths with beans and chewed mightily. A few beans slipped out of the side of Lennie's mouth. George gestured with his spoon. " What you gonna say tomorrow when the boss asks you questions? "

Lennie stopped chewing and swallowed. His face was concentrated. " I.... I ain't gonna.... say a word."

" Good boy! That's fine, Lennie! Maybe you're gettin' better. When we get the coupla acres I can let you tend the rabbits all right. 'Specially if you remember as good as that." Lennie choked with pride. " I can remember, " he said.

George motioned with his spoon again. " Look, Lennie. I want you to look around here. You can remember this place, can't you? The ranch is about a quarter mile up that way. Just follow the river? "

" Sure, " said Lennie. " I can remember this. Di'n't I remember about not gonna say a word? "

'" Course you did. Well, look. Lennie—if you jus' happen to get in trouble like you always done before, I want you to come right here an' hide in the brush."

" Hide in the brush, " said Lennie slowly.

" Hide in the brush till I come for you. Can you remember that? "

" Sure I can, George. Hide in the brush till you come."

" But you ain't gonna get in no trouble, because if you do, I won't let you tend the rabbits." He threw his empty bean can off into the brush.

" Make practical stylistic tasks

This task is aimed at discovering the peculiarities of territorial varieties of speech.

Answer the fallowing questions shortly (2-3 sentences):

§ How can you evaluate dialectal speech?

§ What deviations from the norm can you find?

§ What is typical for phonetical, grammatical, lexical side of every dialect?

J Offer your variant of translating the marked extract {{{ … }}} Pay attention to preserving peculiarities of written speech.

A variety of accents (from Headway course of Englishadvanced)

I Hello there! I come fer (from) a large town, and it’s on a very big river, and the big river goes out to the sea, and once upon a time the place where I come fer used to build ships, and these ships went all over the world. And people went everywhere. You could get ships to Ireland. you could get ships to your Far East, you could get ships to England. But no’ anymore, because the industry’s all gone now. There’s nae mair (no more) o’ that stuff.

Now the town is broken up into two pieces. You’ve got the East End, and that’s where all the poor people come fer, and you’ve got the West End. That’s where... the university is. You’ve got all the posh people down that way. You get people like... talk in funny ways. They talk posh. ‘You ken when I mean? ’ But, where I come fer, it’s all high-rise blocks and motorways. In the old days - do you know what I mean? - there was the Gorbals and there was tenement flats, and aye! Folks were rough, you ken? But underneath all that, it was friendly. You know? You get people upstairs, you get your friends down the close, and everybody going together. And what can you say about the weather? Well, you ken. there’s a great word for it when it’s kind of raining and a wee bit damp. It’s drich. And it looks drich. I’ll tell you, it looks drich.

2 Well, I live in a very large city. It’s a port, and it’s on the River Mersey. It’s very close to Wales, and in fact locally it’s known as the capital of Wales, but that’s a joke, really.

It’s got several landmarks. One is known as the Liver Building, and that’s right on the river, It’s a great big building with two towers, and on each tower there’s an enormous bird, which is called the Liver bird. There’s also... we’ve got two cathedrals, and they’re at opposite ends of a long street, which is called Hope Street. One’s a Catholic cathedral, and it’s very modern - looks like, you know, a rocket that’s about to take off. And the other one is traditional.

The industry, of course, being a port, is mainly shipping and the docks. There’s a lot of unemployment in our city and it causes a lot of bother. It’s a depressed area, really. The altitude of people from other parts of the country is... isn’t very friendly towards us. I mean, there is the north - south divide. There’s no getting away from it. And they all think we’re lazy layabouts and good- for-nothings, and they think we deserve to be Out of work, but it’s not... it’s not like that at all. I mean... it’s really awful.

People often laugh at our acccent. but it’s become very famous throughout the entire world because of four very special musicians, called the Beatles. Eon... it’s an accent where we talk through our noses, I think, a lot of the Lime. I think that might be the damp from the river! But eon... It’s called Scouse.

3 Well, there be two parts to where I come from. There be the moors, and they can be bleak, wild places, with mists and howlin’ winds, and you can see the smugglers as are used to be. And then we go’ (got) lush, green countryside, with palm trees and plants and flowers as you don’ see elsewhere, ‘cos you don’ ge’ (get) no frosts where I comes from. Heh... it be often wet, though, with grey sea mists and drizzle comm off the cliffs. Where I comes from is famous for clotted cream and pasties. Now there be a meal an’ arrf (and a half). Men use’ take pasties into the fields for lunch - potato, carrot, p’raps some meat, all wrapped in pastry. You don’ ge’ good ‘uns now, though.

We be warm folk, we look after usselves, we am’ so keen on forrners (foreigners) from up country, though. We Ii’ (like) takin’ arr (our) time over things, there be no poin’ rushin’‘bout. If summun (someone) say ‘I do it drekkly (directly) free (for you), m’ dear’, it mean I do it in the ocx’ three month’. Heh. We have arr (our) own accent, course we do. We say ‘Oh arr! ’ for ‘Oh yes! ’ We say ‘How you seemin’? ’‘I urrai (I’m alright).’ An’ we say ‘Time furra touchpipes’ - that’s ‘time furra break, time furra rest’. An’ we might have some crib, that’s sum’n (something) to eat mid-momin’. Ooh, arr. We have us own ways.

4 I come from a very big county. Eon... there’s a huge variety of scenery in it. There’s hills and dales, and there’s er... sweeping sort of bleak moors as well er... and some sort of rugged coastline. At one time, there was a huge amount of industry there - manufacturing, textile and steel industry, but now of course, a lot of those have closed down, and other industries have come in. The people up there have a sort of a... a double reputation. They... they’re both meant to be er... warm-hearted and hospitable, but at the same time you hear they’re very suspicious of strangers. And where I come from, we call them ‘corners-in’. And you’re a corner-in even if you’ve been living in the town for twenty years or so. Errn... the weather is... is very mixed. It can be er... very... very good weather and very... very wet. It’s er... usually associated with being very wet up there.

Eon... the accent. There’s a bit of a cliché eon that people use when they’re talking about the accent of this county... eon... they say ‘There’s trouble at t’mill’. Now, that ‘t’ (of) course stands for ‘the’ - trouble in the mill - but in actual fact, it’s never actually sounded, so you’d say ‘trouble in mill, trouble in... trouble in mill.’ Eon... there’s odd words, like ‘lakin”, that’s messin’ about, playin’ about. lakin’ about. And you might say ‘I’m off whoam now’ - ‘I’m goin’‘ome.’ And there’s a motto for this county, which sums up another characteristic of the county people, which is meant to be a sort of meanness eon and also a sort of knowingness. Anyway, the motto is See all, ‘ear all, say nowt; eat all, sup all, pay nowt: and if thou ever does owt for nowt, always do it for thissen.’

5 Where I live there’s this huge river called the Tyne, and now -.. this river is famous for its bridge - it’s got the most er... wonderful bridge ever built in this country. It’s er... a big, metal bridge, you know. [L’s been there for, oh, a long time. It was one of the first metal bridges ever built, I think. And er... it’s called the Tyne Bridge, you know, and it’s... it’s famous. And er... it’s one of the great landmarks of er... this town. And eon... on one side it’s called Tyneside. you know. In’s funny that, because both sides are Tyne side, really, but anyway just one side is called Tyneside, and you’re actually a Tynesider if you live there. And I would say the main industry is er... coal, you know, you’ve got mines all over the place. A lot of people, you know, from up there emigrate because the weather is dreadful up there. It’s all cold and rainy, you know. And er... a lot of people got to places like well, Canada or America, you know. Now, with regard to the accent, as you can hear, it’s a bit strange, but, you know, it can be even stranger. If you’re a real Geordie. you say things like er... instead of ‘I’m going home’, you say things like ‘I’m gannin yem; I’m gannin yem, hinny’. And nobody understands what you’re saying, if you come south, you know.

‘Where I’m from’ I I’m fer Glasgow. 2 I’m from Liverpool. 3 I be from Cornwall.

4 I’m from Huddersfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. 5 I come from Newcastle.

¿ Collecting data on other stylistic aspects

Find additional information and make the fallowing reports:

1. The role of oral speech in language development.

2. The appearance and development of oral speech.

3. Modern means of communication.

4. Paralinguistics.

² Unit 2 History of English style development

& Read information on the topic.

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