Прочтите и устно переведите тексты. Переведите письменно текст Marketing.

Advertising

Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of products, services, or ideas by an identifiable individual or organization. It flourishes mainly in free-market, profit-oriented countries. It is one of the most important factors in accelerating the distribution of products and helping to raise the standard of living. Advertising cannot turn a poor product or service into a good one. But what it can do - and does -is to create an awareness about both old and new products and services. So three main objectives of advertising are: 1) to produce knowledge about the product or service; 2) to create preference for it; and 3) to stimulate thought and action about it.

Advertisers. Most companies that advertise extensively have advertising managers, or brand managers. Because these people help to coordinate the company's advertising program with its sales program and with the company's advertising agency, they must have aptitudes for both advertising and management.

Media. All media use salesmen to sell advertising space or broadcasting time. Media salesmen must be knowledgeable about business and skilled in salesmanship.

Advertising Agencies. A variety of specialists is required in an advertising agency because it develops advertising programs, prepares advertisements, and places them in media.

Marketing

As defined by the committee on definitions of the American Marketing Association, marketing is " the performance of business activities directed toward and incident to, the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user."

Today discovering demand, managing demand, and physically supplying demand constitute the three major divisions of Marketing effort undertaken by many firms. Marketing management approached this status in the 1950's when the General Electric Company enunciated a policy declaring that " marketing begins with the consumer." By discovering and filling unmet wants, its marketing program was designed to produce what General Electric could sell because customers had certain unmet wants. Subsequently, having what you could sell instead of trying to " high pressure" customers into buying what you have required provided the use of marketing research and environment " scanning" of conditions affecting business.

The key concept of market selection and product planning is the Product Life Cycle. It predicts that any product passes through various stages between its life and death (introduction - growth - maturity - decline). So companies can make better marketing decisions if they find out where each of their product stands in its life cycle.

 

10. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What is advertising?

2. Can you name three main objectives of advertising?

3. How is marketing defined by the committee on definitions of the American Marketing Association?

4. When did the General Electric Company enunciate a policy declaring that " marketing begins with the consumer"?

5. What stages does any product pass between its life and death?

 

 

вариант №9

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них Причастие I и Причастие II, установите функцию каждого причастия, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. She looked at the boys playing in the yard.

2. The discovery made by him is of great importance.

3. When changed, the article was published.

 

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них зависимый или независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Being a foreigner she couldn't get accustomed to it.

2. It being Sunday, the shops were closed.

3. The conference being over, he returned to the office.

 

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них герундий или герундиальный оборот, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She hurried home on hearing the news of his arrival.

2. We were against Mr. Bond's going to London.

3. We were told of Mr. Taylor arriving next week.

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I have never learnt to dance.

2. He is too young to understand it.

3. The first thing to do is to let them know.

 

Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них субъектный или объектный инфинитивный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She is known to speak three languages.

2. The experiment was considered to be dangerous.

3. The problem seems to be very complicated.

 

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов like (alike), both (both... and), only (the only).

1. I prefer grey colours only.

2. Being the only child in the family Mark was loved by everybody.

3. Both he and she realized it very well.

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