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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Choose the right answer to the question.
Does the cadastral system cover the complete territory of the most countries? a) Yes, it does b) No, it doesn’t c) In some countries Complete the missing letters in the following words. 1) 1. m-rk-t 2) 2. l-nd 3) 3. l-g-l 4) pr-t-ct 5) s-st-m 6) be--ty Find out if the statement is true or false. Land use planner must study all subjects to know his specialty well. Make up the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives. 1) simple 2) easy 3) reliable 4) public 5) clear 6) different Rewrite this sentence using the correct form of the passive. The Government should manage and supervise the Cadastral system. a) should managed and supervised b) should be managed and supervised Write the question in the correct order. is/planner/what/the/town/the/for/problem? Correct the mistakes. As we knows some people lives to the towns(3 mistakes) Match the two halves of each sentence. 1) Factories and works should a) attractive by its beauty 2) A city is b) future demands 3) It is difficult to estimate c) be placed in special areas Choose the right word and complete the sentence. An urban cadastre is the physical description of the land and real estate tenure in a_____. a) village b) city c) country Complete the statement with the right preposition. Both types ___information are liked together and managed__ a system known as a cadastral information system. a) of, in b) of, to c) in, by Choose the correct options. Do/Does an urban cadastre contain graphic or textual information? Find out if the statement is true or false. The successful urban cadastre depends upon legal frameworks, the social assessment and participation as well as use of new technologies. Finish the words in the sentence. Common and impor…t areas of the legal frame…k include both regi…tion of interests in land and spatial land use plan…g. Give the English equivalents of Russian words. 1) market a) общество 2) community b) рынок 3) transaction c) сделка Find out the correct variant of the translation. «God Almighty first planted a garden» a) С божьей помощью мы посадим сад. b) Всемогущий Бог первым делом посадил сад. c) Сад будет посажен Богом. Choose the right word and complete the statement. In many countries purifying system for treatment of _____waters have been installed, measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters. a) industrially b) industrial c) industry Complete the missing letters in the following words. a) t…pe b) enviro…ment c) inv…lve d) gr…w e) elim…nate f) recogn…tion Choose the right question to the sentence. In recent years, the pollution problems have received great publicity. a) Do the pollution problems received great publicity? b) Did the pollution problems have received great publicity? c) Have the pollution problems received great publicity? Complete the statement using correct word. The protection of … (nature, natural) resources and wildlife is becoming a… (politic, political) program in every country. Make up statement using next words. Industrial/by/caused/are/pollution/the/problems/ Complete the sentence choosing the proper variant. Scientific and technological progress of the 21st century resulted in wide spread mechanization, automate lines computerized management, spaceships, automatic … stations, new roads and highways. a) power b) railway c) chemical Match the words from the left with their Russian equivalents. 1) environmental balance a) экологический баланс 2) soil pollution b) защита природных ресурсов 3) protection natural resources c) загрязнение почвы Choose the correct form of the passive. In most cases, the cadastre covers the complete territory of the country. a) The territory of the country is covered by the cadastre. b) The territory of the country was covered by cadastre. Choose the right variant of the translation. An urban cadastre is the physical description of the land and real estate tenure in a city. a) Городской кадастр содержит физическое описание земли и недвижимости в городе. b) Городской кадастр содержит описание земли. c) Городской кадастр содержит физическое описание недвижимости. Find English equivalents to the Russian phrases. 1) topographic a) физический 2) physical b) городской 3) urban c) топографический Choose the best variant of the article. Aristotle is said to have defined a City as a “place where men live for... (1) noble end” which implies... (2) end of the life or... (3) implementation of... (4) aim. Usage of the right verb. One of the greatest achievements of the Napoleonic cadastre... (to be) that from the very start and regardless of the land nature, it (to provide)... a complete record of all land units within the area – including unique identification – and (to define)... these units on comprehensive maps. Find out the original form of adjectives. less, better, worst, the most different, farther. Make up tag questions. National mapping Agency must maintain large-scale mapping for England, Scotland and Wales. a) doesn’t they? b) didn’t it? c) mustn’t it?
ENGLISH IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT. UNIT 1. Vocabulary (to) apply – трудоустраиваться; bulging pay packets – увеличивать выплаты; the cards are stacked in favour of – ситуация складывается в пользу …; (to) coincide – совпадать; dole – пособие по безработице; (to) emerge – выясняться; ONS (office of national statistics) – управление национальной статистики; (to) plunge – ввергнуть, погружать; reasonable lick – размеренный темп recession – спад деловой активности; unemployment rate – уровень безработицы Weaker unions and lower inflation have coincided with a structural change that has resulted in an increased supply of labour. The last time Britain`s unemployment rate was this low in July 2008, two months before the collapse of Lehman Brothers plunged the global economy into recession. Jobs growth in the three months to February was strong, with 248, 000 more people in work than in the quarter ending in November. The proportion of people aged 16 to 64 in work stood at 74.4%, the highest since comparable records began in 1971. There were 743, 000 job vacancies – up 124, 000 on a year earlier. Once upon a time, all this would have translated into higher pay. More jobs, more vacancies and shorter dole queues have traditionally been signs of a tightening labour market, resulting in employers having to offer higher wages to keep or attract workers. But according to the latest Office for National Statistics data it is obvious the old rules no longer apply. Back in early 2013, when the economy finally emerged from its post-recession lack of activity, average earnings were rising at an annual rate of 1%. The latest figures show them rising at 1.7%, and that was slightly down on the previous month. A return to the pre-recession average earnings growth of 4.5% looks a long way off. One explanation for this is that the cards are stacked in favour of employers, since unions are weaker than they once were. In the public sector, the most heavily unionized part of the economy, earnings growth has halved to 0.9% in the past two years. But the attacks on organized labour began long before the collapse in earnings growth, which means other factors have also come into play. One is that inflation is much lower than it was, currently standing at 0%. But wage growth was very slow even before the cost of living was brought down by the halving of the oil price in the second half of last year. It may well be, though, that employers will use inflation at 0% to justify low settlements when annual pay talks come around. What has actually been going on is that these two long-term trends – weaker unions and lower inflation – have coincided with a structural change to the labour market that has seen an increase in the supply of labour. There have been four sources of this. Firstly, the population has been rising, with around half of the 2 million increase in employment accounted for by a rise in the number of people of working age. Secondly, workers from low-growth parts of the Eurozone have come to Britain in the hope of finding jobs. The ONS estimates that between late 2013 and late 2014 the number of UK-born people working in Britain rose by 345, 000 to 26.16 million while the number of non-UK born working people was up by 260, 000 to 4.78 million. Thirdly, in the last year there has been a 75, 000-strong increase in the number of people aged 65 and over who are working. Finally, tougher benefit rules have led to people who would have been formerly classified as economically inactive joining the search for work. Because of this growing reserve army of labour, employers have been under no immediate pressure to offer higher pay even when the economy has been growing at a reasonable lick. This may change, but the signs are that it would take further falls in unemployment for upward wage pressure to build. The reason living standards are going up is not that pay has gone up but because inflation has come down. Answer the questions according to the text: 1. When was the last time low unemployment rate in Britain? 2. What has traditionally led to offering higher wages for workers? 3. Which part of the economy is the most heavily unionized in Great Britain? 4. Why has the labour market seen an increase in the supply of labour? 5. Do living standards depend on the inflation rate? Exercises 1) Match the words with their synonyms: 1. to coincide a. a downfall 2. labour b. data 3. rate c. work 4. a collapse d. an advantage 5. a quarter e. to be the same 6. proportion f. a part 7. records g. level 8. obvious h. notes 9. figures i. three months 10. a benefit j. evident 2) Translate word expressions into English using the text and the words from Ex. I: Совпадать со структурными изменениями, рынок труда, уровень безработицы, обвал цен, предыдущий квартал, соотношение людей в возрасте от 16 до 64 лет, исторические записи, очевидные результаты, последние данные показывают, польза от применения инновационных технологий. 3) Use the proper word form in the gap:
4) Fill in the gaps with the proper prepositions using the text: 1. Weaker unions and a structural change have resulted ______ an increased supply in labour. 2. The last time Britain`s unemployment rate was this low ____ June. 3. The proportion of the people aged 16 to 64 in work stood _____ 74, 4%. 4. Once ______ a time, all this would have translated into higher pay. 5. Average earnings were rising _____ an annual rate of 1%. 6. One explanation for this is that the cards are stacked _____ favour of employers. 7. Employers have been _____ no immediate pressure to offer higher pay. 5) Read the numbers and choose the correct variant: 1. 74.4% a. seventy-four dot four percent 2. 248, 000 people a. two hundred and forty-eight thousands people 3. in 2008 a. in twenty oh eight 4. 0.9% a. nought/zero point nine per cent 5. 4.78 a. four point seventy-eight 6. 6. ½ a. a half 7. 7. ¾ a. three fourth References: http: //www.theguardian.com UNIT 2. BEIJING'S OLD STOCK EXCHANGE – Vocabulary courtyard – внутренний двор; (to) demolish – сносить; eagerness – желание, стремление. (to) endure – стойко сражаться; entity – организация; faux – искусственный, стилизованный; former – бывший; freewheeling – беспрепятственный; goods – товары; influx – наплыв; impasse – тупик, безвыходное положение; intricately – запутанно; maze – лабиринт; moat – ров; pilaster – пилястра; public trading – публичные торги; rapid – быстрый; stakeholders – акционеры; stock exchange – фондовая биржа (to) tear through a hole – пробить брешь; tenants – арендаторы; tucked away – скрытый; (to) usher – проводить, ознаменовать окончание; warlord – полководец; whirlwind – вихрь/стихийный The former Beijing stock exchange behind Tiananmen Square has survived China’s whirlwind change to tell an important story of the city’s development. Walk around Beijing is remaining old neighborhoods – known for their maze of narrow alleyways, or hutongs – and you will pass by centuries’ worth of history. Ancient courtyard homes sit next to factory chimneys from the time the communists brought manufacturing to the city centre. In many places, the hutong neighborhoods are completely gone, demolished to make space for the city’s explosive modern growth. The former Beijing stock exchange on Qian men West Riverbank Street (Qian men Xi Heyan Jie) behind Tiananmen Square is a building that has endured the city’s whirlwind change. It is not a well-known building but it survives to tell an important part of Beijing’s development over the past century. Tucked away among courtyard homes, the old exchange is located to the west of Qian men, the gate that used to guard access to the inner city. The Qian men neighborhood has historically been Beijing’s centre of commerce. Geographically isolated and ruled by an increasingly conservative Qing dynasty, change had come slowly to Beijing. While skyscrapers were going up in New York and Chicago, goods still arrived in Beijing on camelback. At the beginning of the last century, this changed. In 1906, a hole was torn through the ancient city wall and a railway station opened next to the Qian men gate. This was the beginning of the end of the city wall and the start of a century of rapid changes. The 1911 revolution ushered in the China’s warlord period with different factions fighting for control of the country. In Beijing, the city began its transformation from an imperial city that had seen few changes over several centuries to a modern metropolis. On West Riverbank Street by the city’s moat, a growing number of banks and hotels began to appear to serve the influx of merchants. Roads were paved, and western engineering and architecture began to leave their traces on the city’s streets and buildings. It was in this turbulent environment that the Beijing stock exchange was established in 1918. It was the first stock exchange owned and operated by Chinese people. Foreigners had brought public trading to Shanghai decades earlier but a domestic securities market had never fully developed. Indicative of the growing foreign influence and capitalism, the building was a break from traditional Chinese architecture with a facade and an interior marked by both Chinese and western styles. Inside, a light-filled, two-storey gallery is surrounded by wooden pilasters, and on the second floor, an intricately designed iron fence lines the balcony. The exchange operated for several decades before trading stopped in the 1940s. It reopened briefly after the Communist party took over in 1949, and then closed for good soon after. Like elsewhere in the city, the communist government took a practical approach to the use of the building. After housing navy cadets for a few years, the building was taken over by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and used as housing for its researchers and students. Today, western-style capitalism and freewheeling development are back. In 1990, China got its own stock exchange again – this time in Shanghai. Meanwhile in Beijing, the first foreign fast-food chain opened in the late 1980s around the corner from the old exchange. In addition, down the street, by the Qian men gate, developers have now transformed the old commercial neighborhood into a pedestrian mall, complete with faux 1930s-era shops and restaurants. In other parts of Beijing, space-age architecture dots the skyline and the city’s expansion continues at a steady pace – one mega-block and high-rise compound at a time. The fate of the old stock exchange lies in the hands of several layers of stakeholders, from the Chinese Academy of Science and the current tenants to the city agency and other parts of the government. So far, this relationship has mostly preserved the status quo. In this way, the ghost of the exchange provides a telling illustration of how Beijing struggles with its past with no single entity taking charge of the preservation efforts. This impasse does, however, mark a change from the time the city dealt with its old neighborhoods by tearing them down – something the disappearance of the city wall and more than two-thirds of the city’s hutongs can attest to. Today, redevelopments like the Qian men neighborhood, even if heavy-handed, suggest an eagerness to preserve some version of the past. Answer the questions according to the text: 1. What kind of building is the former Beijing stock exchange? 2. Where is it located? 3. When was a railway station next to Qian men gate opened? 4. What can one see inside the Beijing stock? 5. Where did China open its own stock exchange in 1990? Exercises 1) Match the words with their opposites: 1. former a. foreign 2. faux b. to construct 3. narrow c. to stay the same 4. ancient d. current 5. change e. slow 6. to demolish f. state 7. rapid g. clearly 8. intricately h. wide 9. domestic i. modern 10. public j. natural 2) Translate word expressions into English using the text and the words from Ex. 1: Бывшая китайская фондовая биржа, рестораны, стилизованные в 30-е года прошлого века, лабиринт узких улочек, древние дома во внутренних дворах, трущобы были полностью снесены, быстрые изменения, современная столица, балкон с витиевато спроектированным ограждением, внутренний рынок, публичные торги. 3) Use the proper word form in the gap:
4) Use the proper grammatical form (refer to the text if it is needed):
5) Choose the best variant: In 1990, China got its (1) _____ stock exchange again – this time in Shanghai. (2) ______ in Beijing, the first foreign fast food (3) _______ opened in the late 1980s around the corner from the old exchange. And down the street, by the Qian men gate, developers have now (4) ________ the old commercial neighbourhood into a pedestrian mall, complete with faux 1930s-era shops and restaurants. In other parts of Beijing, space-age architecture dots the skyline and the city’s (5). ____ continues at a steady pace – one mega-block and high-rise compound (6). ______ a time. The fate of the old stock exchange lies in the hands of several layers of stakeholders, from the Chinese Academy of Science and the current tenants to the city agency and other parts of the government. So far, this (7) _______ has mostly preserved the status quo.
References: http: //www.theguardian.com UNIT 3. ECONOMIES MUST WORK TOGETHER Vocabulary austerity – аскетизм bailout programs – спасительные программы battered – давний, многолетний (to) cut the cost – сократить расходы (to) descend – понижаться, спускаться the equalization – уравнивание flurry – суматоха frustration – крушение, разочарование impetus – движущая сила insolvent – неплатежеспособный, банкрот international monetary fund (IMF) – международный валютный фонд (МВФ) (to) invoke – призывать moderate – умеренный outlook – обзор overhang – излишек to persist – настойчиво продолжать plea for – просьба, призыв recovery – выздоровление, оживление sustainable – устойчивый tax credit entitlements – льготы на налоговый кредит (to) undermine – подрывать (to) voice – озвучивать, высказывать (to) wain - медленно двигаться, тащиться (to) wind up – снижать (to) wrangle – пререкаться Christine Lagarde, the boss of the International Monetary Fund has made an impassioned plea for governments to make the next decade one of sustainable and inclusive growth that cuts national debt burdens and deals with high unemployment. She warned that developed and emerging economies still suffering the after-effects of the 2008 crash must collaborate better to avoid an era of low growth. Speaking ahead of the Washington-based organization’s spring conference next week, Lagarde welcomed a recovery in the US and UK, which she said was “firming up”, but voiced concerns about the Eurozone and pointed to Russia and Brazil as major trading nations in economic trouble. She said: “With overall growth moderate, the global economy continues to face a number of significant challenges. For example, what I have called the ‘low-low, high-high’ scenario: the risk of low growth-low inflation and high debt-high unemployment persists for a number of advanced economies.” Calling for extra effort to rebuild battered consumer and business confidence, she invoked speeches by former US president John F Kennedy and Britain’s wartime leader Winston Churchill, who she quoted saying: “I never worry about action, only inaction.” While the European Central Bank has joined the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan and the US Federal Reserve in printing money to cut the cost of credit and stimulate demand, the IMF believes much of the ECB’s extra funding remains stuck in the banking system and unable to reach consumers and small businesses. Lagarde also criticized European governments for allowing thousands of zombie companies to continue rolling over unsustainable debts seven years after the crash. In a clear reference to the stagnation suffered by Japan over two decades – during which the government and the courts blocked petitions to wind up companies that were effectively insolvent – she said: “Effective insolvency frameworks are crucial to tackle the private debt overhang and deal with the total stock of? 900bn [£ 654bn] in non-performing loans that is blocking credit channels.” The organization, best known for acting as lender of last resort to Greece, Ireland and Portugal, has come under fire for supporting austerity programs as the price of sovereign rescue operations. Critics of the IMF have accused the organization of doing more to delay the recovery of the Eurozone area by imposing strict repayments schedules on indebted countries. The report argued that potential growth in advanced economies was expected to increase slightly, from an average of about 1.3% a year in the last six years to 1.6% until 2020, but not reach the 2.25% average seen between 2001 and 2007 without further effort by individual governments and renewed collaboration through organizations such as the IMF. The warning comes in the IMF’s spring outlook, part of which has been released ahead of its full publication next week. It marks a growing frustration in the organization at the lack of action by governments after the flurry of activity following the banking crash. IMF officials are known to be concerned that the impetus for reforms has waned and in some cases descended into wrangling over bailout programs, as is the case in Europe between Brussels and Athens. But the organization has itself come under fire from critics who argue that it has forced countries such as Greece to adopt unsustainable debt repayment programs, undermining their recovery. While the organization is split between those who believe governments should emphasis public investment over supply-side reforms, such as cuts in subsidies and benefits, the report side-steps the need for organizations such as the IMF to write off some or all of the debts accumulated by countries worst hit by the 2008 crash. Recent employment figures have shown a jump in the number of over-50s in the workforce and those over 65 as employers look to retain those with high skills. Working age women have re-entered the labour market in greater numbers over recent years, partly in response to severe cuts in tax credit entitlements and other benefits affecting younger families and the equalization of the pension age for women over 60. It said: “The reforms needed to achieve this objective vary across countries. In advanced economies, these policies would involve product market reforms, greater support for research and development – including strengthening patent systems and adopting well-designed tax incentives and subsidies in countries where they are low – and more intensive use of high-skilled labour and information and communications technology capital inputs to tackle low productivity growth; infrastructure investment to boost physical capital; and better designed tax and expenditure policies to boost labour force participation, particularly for women and older workers”. Answer the questions – are the statements true (T) or false (F): 1. Christine Lagarde said that the economies on the developed countries didn`t suffer from the 2008 crash and can work apart. 2. She mentioned that the UK and US economies were recovering and firming up. 3. The 'low-low, high-high’ scenario: the risk of low growth-low inflation and high debt-high unemployment persists for a number of advanced economies. 4. Japan suffered a significant economic growth over two decades. 5. Recent employment figures have shown an increase in the number of mid-50s in the workforce. Exercises: 1) Match the words with their synonyms: 1. Monetary a. to say something 2. a plea b. an awareness 3. sustainable c. to work together 4. to collaborate d. reasonable, not extreme 5. to voice e. employees 6. a concern f. clients 7. moderate g. a call 8. consumers h. to compensate 9. workforce i. financial 10. tackle j. steady 2) Translate word expressions into English using the text and the words from Ex. I: Международный Валютный Фонд, страстный призыв к правительствам, устойчивый и всеобъемлющий рост, сотрудничать в строительном секторе, озвучить свою точку зрения, обеспокоенность по поводу еврозоны, умеренные цены, потребители банковских услуг, численность рабочих мест, компенсировать низкий уровень производства. 3) Use the proper word form in the gap:
4) Use the proper grammatical form (refer to the text if it is needed):
5) Choose the best variant: But the organization has itself come 1. ______ fire from critics who argue that it has forced countries such as Greece to adopt unsustainable debt repayment 2. ________, undermining their recovery. 3. _______ the organization is split between those 4. _______ believe governments should emphasis public investment over supply-side reforms, such as cuts in subsidies and benefits, the report side steps the need 5. _____ organizations such as the IMF to write 6. ______ some or all of the debts accumulated by countries worst hit by the 2008 7. _______.
References: http: //www.theguardian.com |
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